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Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 1
U.S Department of Energy Fuel Cell Technologies Office (FCTO)
2015 Smithsonian Science Education Academies for Teachers
Fuel Cells for the Future
Dr. Sarah Studer- ORISE Fellow
Dr. Elvin Yuzugullu- Support Contractor (SRA)
Vanessa Trejos- Support Contractor (SRA)
Malquan Gaillard- FCTO Intern July 17, 2015 Washington D.C.
Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 2 Fuel Cells: What and How?
Similar to batteries producing electricity without combustion
No combustion involved
Electricity produced directly
No pollution in tailpipe emissions
Water and Heat only byproducts
How do they work? In a nutshell…
Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 3 Fuel Cells: Why?
Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 4 Many Fuel Sources and Applications for Fuel Cells
Fuel cells can be supported by different fuels and used in many applications
Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 5 Fuel Cells … an Expanding Market
Consistent 30% annual growth since 2010
Navigant Research
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Stationary Transportation Portable
Fuel Cell Systems Shipped by Application
>35,000 Fuel Cells Shipped in 2013
Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 6 Real-World Applications
Market Penetration
FCEV
Co
st R
ed
uct
ion
En
able
rs
Space Applications
Specialty Vehicles
Backup Power Systems
Primary Power
Portable Power
APUs for Transportation
Buses and Fleets
Wide-Commercialized FCEV
World’s first fuel cell cargo tractor at airport
Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 7 Fuel Cells Relied on During Major Power Disruptions
Demonstrations show 99% successful start-ups for back-up power
1,000 Power disruptions
23 states
800 for back up power
during
d e p l o y e d
Fuel Cells
at cell phone
towers providing
electricity in
sites
During
Hurricane Sandy the largest Atlantic hurricane on record
operated providing power
for over 100 hours
5 as validated by NREL
Source: "Hydrogen Fuel Cell Performance as Telecommunications Backup Power in the United States” NREL/TP-5400-60730
CA CO CT FL GA IL IN
AZ LA MA MI MS NV NJ NY
KY OR SC TX UT WA WY
NC
Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 8 A Portfolio of Technologies: Each has Pros and Cons
Fuel Cell Vehicles, Plug-in Vehicles and Battery Vehicles are complementary
Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 9 Fuel Cells Cars are on U.S. Roads Now!
OEMs bringing fuel cells vehicles to showrooms and driveways
Now Leasing…
In Auto Shows…
On Sale in the U.S. Next Week! TOYOTA Mirai Fuel Cell Vehicle HYUNDAI Tucson Fuel Cell SUV
HONDA Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle
Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 10 Where does H2 Infrastructure stand?
NE states, California and Hawaii have H2 infrastructure efforts underway
Nationwide States • CA- 100 stations, ~$100M
planned through 2023
• 8 State MOU- 3.3M ZEVs by 2025
• Northeast states, Hawaii
H2 stations in CA (source: CAFCP)
• 1500 mi. of H2 pipeline
• >9M metric tons produced/yr
• ~50 stations (~10 public)
Centralized H2 Production Facilities (source: NREL)
Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 11 How can we get hydrogen?
Many sources Many pathways
Biomass
Solar
Electricity
(Grid or Renewable)
Fossil Fuels
Thermochemical
Biological Direct Solar
Water-splitting
Electrolysis
http://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-production-processes
http://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-resources
Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 12 Pathways for Hydrogen Production
Natural gas reforming can supply hydrogen today, while scientists and
engineers develop and improve large-scale renewable pathways
Solar Pathways
Pro
du
ctio
n m
eth
od
D
istr
ibu
ted
C
en
tral
Natural Gas
Reforming
Natural Gas Reforming (established
Industrial Process)
Biomass Gasification
Coal Gasification (with CCUS)
Electrolysis (wind)
High-temp Electrolysis
Electrolysis (solar)
Low GHG Reforming (NG & biogas)
Electrolysis
(Grid)
Bio-derived
Liquids Microbial
Conversion
PEC
STCH
Photo-biological
Near-term Mid-term Long-term
Biomass Pathways
• Distributed systems: production at or near the site of use, up to 1,500 kg/day
• Central systems: production at large facilities at 50,000-500,000 kg/day, and then delivered to the point of use
Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 13
*Compared to 2012 gasoline vehicle **Compared to 2035 gasoline vehicle
Fuel Cell Vehicles Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Substantial GHG reductions with H2 produced from renewables
2012 Gasoline
Gasoline
Distributed NG
NG (Central) with Sequestration
Coal Gasif. (Central) w/ Sequestration
Biomass Gasif. (Central)
Wind Electricity
Well-to-wheels CO2 emissions/mile >50% from Distributed Natural Gas*
>80% from Renewables**
(Wind)
>90% from Renewables*
(Wind)
Source: http://hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/13005_well_to_wheels_ghg_oil_ldvs.pdf
H2 from:
Advanced 2035 technologies
Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 14 Energy Literacy: 7 Essential Principles
Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 15 Energy Literacy: 7 Essential Principles
Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 16 Online Educational Resources
• For information on education resources for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells:
– http://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/students-and-educators
• Energy 101: Fuel Cell Technology:
– http://energy.gov/eere/videos/energy-101-fuel-cell-technology
• EERE Education Homepage:
– http://energy.gov/education
• A Guide to the Energy of the Earth:
– http://ed.ted.com/lessons/a-guide-to-the-energy-of-the-earth-joshua-m-sneideman
• Energy Literacy:
– energy.gov/eere/education/energy-literacy-essential-principles-and-fundamental-concepts-energy-education
• Got questions?
– Email us! [email protected]
Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 17
Thank You
hydrogenandfuelcells.energy.gov
Dr. Sarah Studer ORISE Fellow
Dr. Elvin Yuzugullu Support Contractor (SRA)
Vanessa Trejos Support Contractor (SRA)
Malquan Gaillard Summer Intern
