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U.S. Agency for International U.S. Agency for International DevelopmentDevelopment
Women in DevelopmentWomen in Development
Kristin MeyerKristin Meyer
Mayra D. AvilesMayra D. Aviles
Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview
Team Introduction USAID Background Introduction to WID Gender Initiatives
– Case Studies: Europe, Central America, South America
Open Discussion
Team IntroductionTeam Introduction
Kristin Meyer– Gender & Health Intervention Specialist– Europe & Eurasia – Senior USAID WID Consultant
Mayra Daniela– Gender Analysis Expert– South American Focus– Senior USAID WID Consultant
USAID BackgroundUSAID Background
1950 Act for International Development Created in 1961 U.S. Foreign Assistance Act
USAID Program FocusUSAID Program Focus
Early Programs: – Fight Communism & Poverty– Capital-Intensive– Centralized Programming
1980s-90s:– New Democracies & Market Economies– Sustainable Development– Capacity for Quality of Life
USAID Program FocusUSAID Program Focus
2000s: – Joint Strategy with Department of State– Millennium Challenge Account– Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief
USAID OrganizationUSAID Organization
Administrator Randall Tobias– Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief
Deputy Administrator James Kunder– Save the Children Federation
USAID OrganizationUSAID Organization
HQ in Washington, DC Four Global Regions
– Country-level Activities Three Functional Bureaus
– Worldwide Programs Three HQ Bureaus
– Management, Legislative, Coordination
USAID OrganizationUSAID Organization
Missions in ~100 Countries Collaborates
– +3500 U.S. Companies– +300 Private Voluntary Organizations
USAID OrganizationUSAID Organization
2,227 Direct Hire – 1132 in DC– 1095 Foreign Service Officers
4,966 Foreign Nationals 624 Service Contractors (80% Overseas) 300 Other Agency, Univ, Nonprofit
Employee Geographic ScopeEmployee Geographic Scope
3%
23%15%
15%
18%
26%
DCAfricaAsiaEuropeL.AmerOther
Development MissionDevelopment Mission
Revised in 2004 Five Goals
– Transformational Development– Fragile States– Geostrategic Interests– Transnational Problems– Humanitarian Relief
Development Assistance: $19.7b in 2004
Development CommitmentDevelopment Commitment
7.49.9
13.3
19.7
0
5
10
15
20
25
billions1995200020022004
Women in Development
Establishment of USAID’s WID Office :1974 for ensuring women participation and benefit equally from development assistance programs.
WID Office initiative → Percy Amendment WID approach: integrating gender by designing
programs that take into account the participation of both women and men to guarantee effectiveness.
WID Organization and Budget
WID Office Position within USAID Organization:
USAID→ three headquarter bureaus.
Bureau for Program and Policy Coordination →WID Administrator: Douglas Menarchick
WID Office budget: FY2007 = $7.8million out of a total program assistance of $139m
WID Office Technical Assistance
WID Office → base of technical leadership and expertise on gender issues and development providing:
-Technical leadership on gender-related issues within the agency and beyond
-Support to field missions
-Identification of new and emerging gender issues and development of multi-disciplinary approaches
-Proactive actions creating a greater responsibility for and the institutionalization of gender considerations throughout the Agency.
WID Office Activities
WID Office supports activities in:
1- Gender integration
2- Women and economic growth
3- Gender equality in education
4- Women’s legal rights
5- Trafficking persons
1- Gender Integration: Women in Development Indefinite Quantity Contract WID IQC support services 5 year IQC mechanism→ Task Order (TO) mechanism
All USAID units eligible
Current WID IQC activities: Short-Term Technical Assistance and Training (STTA) and Investing in Women in Development (IWID) Fellows Program
2- Women and Economic Growth
The WID Office key economic growth activities: -promoting full participation of women and men in
economic development -greater understanding gender-based constraints to
women’s participation in economic activities -trade, IT (information technology), agriculture, and
labor.
Current Activities: Promoting Gender Issues in USAID Trade-related Economic Growth Activities
3- Gender Equality in Education
Objective: - To strengthen capacity of Agency to set up
gender-equitable practices and policies in USAID-funded basic education activities improving children's (*girls) basic education
- To address impact that gender has on educational quality
Current Activities: Safe Schools Program and EQUATE: Achieving Equality in Education
4- Women’s Legal Rights WID Office approach to women’s legal rights
includes: - educating on women’s legal, economic, and
political rights - strengthening organizations and capacitating
institutions→ gender-equitable legislation and practice
Current Activities: Women’s Legal Rights Initiative.
- Guatemala, Albania and Southern Africa, Benin, and Madagascar
USAID’s Successes in WID
Over 40 requests for gender assessments, strategies review and trainings. 14 country gender assessments completed.
15 country strategies reviewed and gender training provided to all missions in Africa.
Ukraine Anti-Trafficking ProjectUkraine Anti-Trafficking Project
Economic & Age Discrimination Empowerment Strategy Entrepreneurial & Computer Training Trafficking Awareness & Support Services
– Hotlines, Crisis Intervention
Project AnalysisProject Analysis
Over 26,000 Women Trained Participants:
– 13-20% employed– 10% pursuing education– 29% created businesses– 151 business loans
Improvement:– Prioritize High-risk Regions– Target Resources
Central America Economic Central America Economic OpportunitiesOpportunities
Small Grants Program Support Activities
– Work Opportunities, Conditions & Rights Strengthen Organizations & Visibility Legal Action Training & Empowerment
Project AnalysisProject Analysis
11 Projects Funded Documentation Leadership Training Awareness Workshops:
– Guatemala: 700 Union Women Legal Assistance
– Guatemala: 122 cases, 38 amendments
WIDTECH and Commodity Chain Analysis of Forest Products in
Nicaragua WIDTECH Laguna de Apoyo Nature Reserve (LANR) Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) Gender and NTFP in LANR Focus: gender roles household and NTFP market
-roles influence on conservation -NTFP significance household income and forest
conservation -NTFP potential of environmental sustainability
Findings
Both men and women active in chain of production
Men and women separate but equal stakeholders
Considering women’s concerns → approach to conservation and development + equitable and efficient.
Economic Opportunities and Labor Conditions for Women: Perspectives From
Latin America 2000- 16 month small grants programs
NGO Small Grants Program: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador and Peru
Purpose: support income generating activities that expand on products or markets to existing effective project.
Results
Access resources and knowledge→ women’s economic opportunities expanded
women and men participation changes in different productive activities of project
Facilitating access to technical knowledge→ Participating women’s self-esteem ↑
Women in DevelopmentWomen in Development
USAID: Progressive Strategies Commitment to Equality Growing Investment in Development Advocate for Global Change