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ENGLISH - I (LANGUAGE IN USE)

CREDIT HOURS: 3

1. BASICS OF GRAMMAR I

Recommended Book:

Oxford Practice Grammar by John Eastwood, Oxford University Press. 2005.

Unit No. 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90. (Articles)

Unit No. 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103. (Pronouns)

Unit No. 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112. (Adjectives and Adverbs)

Unit No. 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127. (Prepositions)

Unit No. 150, 151, 152, 153. (Linking Words)

Appendix 3 Page No. 372

2. READING COMPREHENSION AND SUMMARIZING SKILLS

Recommended Book:

Focus on Comprehension Book 4 by Peter Ellison Learners Publishing Pte. Ltd.

Singapore, 2009.

Section 1. Unit No. 1.

Section 2. Unit No. 2, 3, 4, 5. Practice Unit 1.

Section 3. Unit No. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. Practice Unit 2.

3. PARAGRAPH WRITING I

The students are required to know basics of Paragraph Writing with an emphasis on

Topic sentence and Supporting sentences and a possible Concluding sentence. (Word

Limit Up to 120 Words)

Recommended Book:

Paragraph Development: A Guide for Students of English as a Second Language by

Martin L. Arnaudet, Mary Ellen Barrett. Pub. Prentice Hall College Div. 1981 (Page

1-32)

4. LISTENING AND SPEAKING SKILLS

This unit will lead up to the teaching and evaluation of "Oral Presentation Skills" in the

following semesters also.

Recommended Book:

Oxford Practice Grammar by John Eastwood Oxford University Press. 2005.

5. VOCABULARY BUILDING SKILS

Gat high frequency words (gat Word List) Page No. 143-152.

Recommended Book:

Guide for GAT General Test. SMART BRAIN. GRE (General, Local) by Muhammad

Idrees. Pub: Dogar Brothers. 2010-2011 edition.

5

PAKISTAN STUDIESCREDIT HOURS: 2

The purpose of this course is to educate the students about the ideological and historical

background of the creation of Pakistan as well as to provide knowledge regarding

political developments. It also aims to inform students of the issues and challenges

confronted at national level and to motivate them to develop a sense of patriotism.

Course Outline

1. Pakistan Movement: Historical and Ideological Perspective

a. Muslim Revivalist Movements in India

b. The Two-Nation Theory: From Sir Syed Ahmed Khan to Allama Iqbal

c. Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the Struggle for the Creation of

Pakistan: Early Challenges.

2. Land and People of Pakistan

a. Physical features and Geo-Strategic Location of Pakistan

b. Culture and Traditions: Regional Dimensions

c. Social Issues and Challenges to Pakistan

3. History and politics in Pakistan (1947-2008)

a. Early Parliamentary Phase

b. Ayub and Yahya's Era

c. Democratic Era (1971-1977)

d. Zia Era (1977-88)

e. Civil Rule (1988-99)

f. Musharaf Era (1999-2008)

4. Contemporary Pakistan

a. The Constitution of 1973: Salient Features

b. Foreign Policy and Relations with neighboring countries

c. Salient Features of Economy, Agriculture and Industry, National Resources

Recommended Books

1. Muhammad Raza Kazrni, Pakistan Studies Core Texts for Colleges and Universities

Oxford University, Press (2006)

2. Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi, The Struggle for Pakistan, Karachi, University of the Karachi,

1974

3. Khalid Bin Sayeed, Pakistan the Formative Phase (1857-1948), Karachi, Oxford

University Press, 1968.

4. Choudhary M. Au, The Emergence of Pakistan, Lahore, Research Society of Pakistan,

2001.

5. S. Qalb-i-Abid, Muslim Struggle for Independence (1857-1947) Sang-e-Meel

Publications, Lahore, 1997

6

6. M.R. Kazimi, A Concise History of Pakistan, Oxford University Press, 2009

7. Mehmood, Safdar, Pakistan Political Roots & Development. Lahore. 1994

8. Afzal, M. Rafique, Pakistan: History and Politics 1947-1971, Karachi, Oxford University

Press, 2007

9. Rizvi, Hasan-Askari, The Military State and Society in Pakistan, Lahore, 2002

10. Burke, S.M., and Qureshi, S.A.D., The British Rj in India, Karachi, Oxford University

Press, 1995

11. S.M. Burke and Lawrence Ziring. Pakistan's Foreign Policy: An Historical Analysis.

Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1993.

12. Akbar, S. Zaidi, Issues in Pakistan's Economy, Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2000

13. Shahid, M. Amin, Pakistan's Foreign Policy: A Reappraisal, (Second Edition), Karachi,

Oxford University Press, 2010

14. Abdul Sattar, Pakistan's Foreign Policy: A Concise History 1947-2009 (21st Edition),

Karachi, Oxford University Press, 2010

15. Hardy, Peter, The Muslims of British India, New Delhi, Cambridge University Press,

1998

7

FUNDAMENTALS OF PSYCHOLOGYCREDIT HOURS: 3

1. Introduction to Psychology

a. Nature and Application of Psychology with special reference to Pakistan.

b. Historical Background and Schools with special reference to Pakistan.

2. Methods of Psychology

a. Observation

b. Case History, Method Experimental Method

c. Survey Method

d. Interviewing Techniques

3. Biological Basis of Behavior

a. Neuron: Structure and Functions

b. Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

c. Endocrine Glands

4. Sensation, Perception and Attention

a. Sensation

i. Characteristics and Major Functions of Different Sensations

ii. Vision: Structure and functions of the Eye.

iii. Audition: Structure and functions of the Ear.

b. Perception

i. Nature of Perception

ii. Factors of Perception: Subjective, Objective and Social

iii. Kinds of Perception:

iv. Spatial Perception (Perception of Depth and Distance)

v. Temporal Perception; Auditory Perception.

c. Attention

i. Factors, Subjective and Objective

ii. Span of Attention

iii. Fluctuation of Attention

iv. Distraction of Attention (Causes and Control)

5. Motives

a. Definition and Nature

b. Classification

Primary (Biogenic) Motives: Hunger, Thirst, Defection and Urination, Fatigue, Sleep,

Pain, Temperature, Regulation, Maternal Behavior, Sex

Secondary (Sociogenic) Motives: Play and Manipulation, Exploration and Curiosity,

Affiliation, Achievement and Power, Competition, Cooperation, Social, Approval and

Self Actualization.

8

6. Emotions

a. Definition and Nature

b. Physiological changes during Emotions (Neural, Cordial, Visceral, Glandular),

Galvanic Skin Response; Pupilliometrics

c. Theories of Emotion

d. James Lange Theory; Cannon-Bard Theory

e. Schachter - Singer Theory

7. Learning

a. Definition of Learning

b. Types of Learning: Classical and Operant Conditioning Methods of Learning:

Trial and Error; Learning by Insight; Observational Learning.

8. Memory

a. Definition

b. Memory Processes: Retention, Recall and Recognition

c. Forgetting: Nature and Causes

9. Thinking

a. Definition

b. Tools of Thinking: Imagery; Language; Concepts

c. Kinds of Thinking

d. Problem Solving; Decision Making; Reasoning

10. Individual Differences

a. Definition

b. Intelligence, personality, aptitude, achievement

Recommended Books:

1. Atkison R.C., & Smith E.E. (2000). Introduction to Psychology (13th ed.). Harcourt

Brace College Publishers.

2. Fernald, L.D., & Fernald, P.S. (2005) Introduction to psychology, USA: WMC Brown

Publishers.

3. Glassman, W.E. (2000.) Approaches to Psychology. Open University Press. Hayes, N.

(2000). Foundation of Psychology (3rd ed.). Thomson Learning. Lahey, B. B. (2004).

Psychology; An introduction (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

4. Leahey, T. H. (1992). A History of Psychology: Main Currents in Psychological

Thought. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall International, Inc.

5. Myers, D. G. (1992). Psychology. (3rd ed.). New York: Wadsworth Publishers.

6. Ormord, J. E. (1995). Educational Psychology: Developing Learners. Prentice-Hall, Inc.

9

SOCIOLOGY-I

CREDIT HOURS: 3

1. Introduction to Psychology

a. What is Sociology

b. Sociology & other social sciences

c. Sociology & Common Sense/Stereotypes

d. Key terms, Social Problem/Sociological Issues

e. Origin & Development of Sociology

f. Sociological Perspective

A Structuralism

a. Structural Functionalism

b. Social Conflict

B Social Action

a. Symbolic Interactionism

C Feminism

2. Culture

a. What is Culture?

b. Elements of Culture

c. Cultural Diversity

3. Socialization

a. Socialization & its importance

b. Agents of Socialization

c. Socialization through the life course

d. i. C. H. Cooley

ii. George Herbert Mead

4. Social Interaction

a. Social Structure

i. Status

ii. Status set

iii. Achieved & Ascribed

iv. Master Status

v. Role

vi. Role Set

vii. Role Conflict

viii. Role Strain

ix. Role Exit

b. Theories of Social interaction (Brief)

i. Social Construction of Reality

10

ii. Ethno Methodology

iii. Dramaturgy

5. Groups & Organizations

a. Types of Groups

b. Leadership Styles

c. Studies of Group Behaviour

d. Formal Organization & its types.

e. Bureaucracy & its Characteristics

5. Deviance

a. Deviance, Crime & Social Control

b. Types of Crime

c. Criminal Justice System.

Recommended Books:

1. Anderson, Margaret and Howard F. Taylor. (2001) Sociology the Essentials. Australia:

Wadsworth.

2. Brown, Ken. (2004) Sociology. UK: Polity Press.

3. Gidden, Anthony (2002). Introduction to Sociology. UK: Polity Press:.

4. Macionis, John J. (2006). Sociology. 10 ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall

5. Tischler, Henry L. (2002). Introduction to Sociology. 7th ed. New York: The Harcourt

Press.

11

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ENGLISH-II (ACADEMIC READING AND WRITING)

CREDIT HOURS: 3

BASICS OF GRAMMAR II

Recommended Book:

Oxford Practice Grammar by John Eastwood Oxford University Press. Published 2005.

Unit No. 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30. (Tenses)

Unit No. 128, 129, 130, 131. (Phrasal Verbs)

2. READING AND CRITICAL THINKING

Recommended Book:

Focus on Comprehension Book 4 by Peter Ellison, Learners Publishing Pte. Ltd.

Singapore, 2009.

Section 4. Unit No. 12, 13, 14, 15. Practice Unit 3.

Section 5. Unit No. 16, 17, 18.

Section 6. Unit No. 19. Practice Unit 4.

3. PARAGRAPH WRITING II

The students are required to further know basics of Paragraph Writing with an emphasis

on Topic sentence and Supporting sentences and a possible Concluding sentence. (Word

Limit Up to 120 Words)

Recommended Book:

Paragraph Development: A Guide for Students of English as a Second Language by

Martin L. Arnaudet, Mary Ellen Barrett. Pub. Prentice Hall College Div. 1981 (Page

179-185)

4. STUDY SKILLS

The students are expected to be proficient in Reading Skills like Skimming, Scanning,

Speed Reading and avoiding Faulty Reading Habits.

Recommended Book:

English Language Communication Skills for B.Ed by Nadeem Aziz. Pub: Majeed Book

Depot. (Page 139-159)

5. VOCABULARY BUILDING SKILS

WORD ROOT METHOD Unit 1-6. Page No. 88-103.

Recommended Book:

Guid for GAT General Test. SMART BRAIN. GRE (General, Local) by Muhammad

Idrees. Pub: Dogar Brothers. 2010-2011 edition.

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY

CREDIT HOURS: 3

Course Contents:

1. Introduction

a. What is Philosophy?

b. Nature and Scope of Philosophy

2. Philosophy of Religion

a. Arguments for the existence of God

i. Teleological Argument

ii. Cosmological Argument

iii. Ontological Argument

b. Problem of Evil

c. Faith and Reason

3. Political Philosophy

a. Equality

b. Freedom

c. Reform

4. Moral Philosophy

a. Introduction

b. Major Theories

i.

ii. Utilitarianism

iii. Naturalism

iv. Emotivism

5. Knowledge of the External World

a. Commonsense Realism

b. Representation Realism

c. Idealism

d. Phenomenalism

e. Causal Realism

6. Philosophy of Science

a. What is Scientific Method?

b. Problem of Induction

c. Falsificationism

7. Philosophy of Mind

a. Mind - Body Problem

i. Dualism

ii. Physicalism

iii. Behaviourism

iv. Fuctionalism

b. Problems of Other Minds

29

8. Philosophy of Art

a. What is Art?

b. Major theories

i. The Significant Form Theory

ii. The Idealist Theory

iii. The Institutional Theory

c. Art Criticism

i. Anti-Intentionalism

ii. Performance, Interpretation and Authenticity

Recommended Books:

1. Warburton, N. (2004). Philosophy: The Basics. London and New York: Routledge.

2. Stanley M. H., Thomas C. H., & Dennis L. O. (2005). Invitation to Phiosophy: Issues

and Options. (10th Edition). Belmont: Wadsword/Thomson Learning.

3. Stewart, D. & Blocker, H. G. (2006). Fundamentals of Philosophy. (6th Edition).

Pearson Education.

30

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Broohi, A.K. Islam in the Modern World

khalil, M. The Arab State & the Arab League

Proceeding (P.U. Pb), International Islamic Colloqium 1957-58

Surop Pb. (London), The Middle East & North Africa

Relevent Portions, Encyclopedia of Britannica

Relevent Portions, Encyclopedia of Americana

Relevent Portions, Encyclopedia of Americana

Relevent Portions, Encyclopedia of Islam

33

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37

ENGLISH-III (COMMUNICATION SKILLS)CREDIT HOURS: 3

1. FORMAL LETTERS

Recommended Book:

The students are expected to be proficient in formal letter writing like letters to the

editor, public officials (WAPDA, WASA etc.)

2. ADVANCED READING AND COMPREHENSION I

The students are required to read the given prose critically and answer the questions.

Recommended Book:

The St. Martin's Guide to Writing by Rise B. Axelrod, Charles R. Cooper. Pub. St.

Martin's Press, 1988.

(Page 18-19, 26-34, 49-55, 66-67, 77-80, 88-94, 104-105, 110-115, 129-137)

3. ORAL PRESENTATIONS

Strategies for oral presentation.

The students must learn how to give oral presentations and they should be able to give

formal presentations.

Recommended Book:

Effective Business Communications. 7th Edition by Herta A. Murphy, Herbert W.

Hildebrandt, Jane P. Thomas. Pub. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited,

New Delhi, 2009. (Page 384-399)

4. CONNECTED PARAGRAPH WRITING AND PICTURE DESCRIPTION

The students are required to practise paragraph writing with an emphasis on Topic

sentence and Supporting sentence. The students are supposed to write at least 3

connected paragraphs on a single theme (word limit: 350 words).

The Students are required to learn how to analyze and describe picture in correct English.

Recommended Book:

Paragraph Development: A Guide for Students of English as a Second Language by

Martin L. Arnaudet, Mary Ellen Barrett. Pub. Prentice Hall college Div. 1981 (Page

179-185)

5. VOCABULARY BUILDING SKILS

WORD ROOT METHOD Unit 7-11. Page No. 103-116.

Recommended Book:

Guid for GAT General Test. SMART BRAIN. GRE (General, Local) by Muhammad

Idrees. Pub: Dogar Brothers. 2010-2011 edition.

38

COMPUTER USAGE - I CREDIT HOURS: 2

This course is designed in view of the application of computers in wide range of areas.

This course would familiarize students with basics of computer. The Course will cover

introduction to computer hardware and software related to psychology. After having

completed this course students would be able to use window software such as MS office

including MS Excel, MS Word and Power Point.

Course Contents

Introduction to Computers

History of Computer Development

Uses and Limitations

Basic Units of Personal Computers

Introduction to Windows

Why Windows

Basic features of Windows

Starting up

Using Applicatons

Managing Files and Folders

Managing the Desktop

Change Settings

Introduction to MS Word

Basic features of MS Word

Typing, Editing, Formatting Text

Saving And Printing

Making Tables in Word

Introduction to MS Excel

Basic Features

Every Worksheet Tasks

Creating and Formatting Charts

Printing Worksheet

Pedagogy

This is a practical course which will be conducted in computer laboratory with hands-on

instructions and guidance. Students will be given assignments in various applications

such as MS Word and MS Excel.

Recommended Book:

1. Maran, R. (1995). Windows 95 simplified. Foster City, C.A: IDG Books World Wide, Inc.

2. Maran, R., & Wing, K. (1997). Teach yourself Word 97, Foster City, C.A: IDG Books

world wide, Inc.

3. Nelson, K.Y. (1996). Windows 95 is driving me crazy. Berkeley, CA: Peach Pit Press.

4. Person, R. (1993). Using Excel Version 5 for windows. Indianapolis; Que Corporation.

39

MUSLIM RULE IN SOUTH ASIA (712-1526)CREDIT HOURS: 3

1. Sources: Conquest of Sindh, Arab Rule, and Administration

2. The Slave Dynsty: Qutb-ud-Din Aibek, Consolidation of Muslim power under Iltutmish,

his character, achievements; Razia Sultana, Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud; Balban: his theory of

kingship and principles of Government, Mongol invasions, administrative reforms and

estimates of Balban.

3. The Khaljis: Khalji Revolution and its significance, Jalal-ud-Din Khalji conquests,

achievements and character. Ala ud Din Khalji: conquests, Mongol policy; Military and

Civil administration, economic reforms, Deccan Policy, his viewes regarding state and

religion; character and estimate. Qutbud-Din Mubharak Shah. Khusrau Khan and end of

the Khalji dynasty.

4. The Tughluqs: Ghias-ud-Din Tughluq: consolidation of the Sultanate, reforms, character,

causes of his death. Muhammad Bin Tughluq: His projects, religious views and relations

with ulema and Mashaikh, conquests, views of the contemporary writers, his estimate.

Firuz Shah: Administrative reforms, rebellions, his estimate as a man and as a King.

Disintegration of the Tughluq dynasty. Amir Timur's Invasion and its Impact.

5. The Sayyids: The Political conditions in Indo-Pakistan in the early fifteenth century,

Khizr Khan and his efforts to establish himself, character. Mubarak Shah and his

achievements, fall of the Sayyid dynasty.

6. The Lodhis: Early career of Bahlul Lodhi, his struggle with Sharqi dynasty of Jaunpur,

conquests an estimate; Sikandar Lodhi and the consolidation of the Delhi Sultanate,

adiniiiH: efbrnis and his estimate. Ibrahim Lodhi, his conflict with Umara, his character;

first Battle of Panipat.

7. Causes of the downfall of the Delhi Sultanate. Relations of the Delhi Sultans with the

Abbasid Caliphate; Mongol invasions and their impact; Socio-economic conditions.

8. Administration and Culture: Central and provincial administration; judicial system; Army

Organization, Economic System; Trade and Commerce, Art and Architecture, Literature,

Education, Relations of Delhi Sultans with non-Muslims; the role of Chishti and

Suharwardiya orders during the Sultanate period.

Recommended Books

1. Aziz Ahmad, Muhammad. The Political History and Institutions of the Early Turkish

Empire of Delhi.

2. Haig, Wolseley (ed.) Cambridge History of India Vol. III.

40

GOVERNMENT & POLITICS IN PAKISTAN-I (1947-1971)CREDIT HOURS: 3

1. Independence and the New Constitutional and legal Framework

2. Indian Independence Act, 1947.

3. The Interim Constitution, 1947

4. First Constituent Assembly, 1947-54

5. Constitution Making, 1947-56

6. The Objectives' Resolution, 1949

7. The Reports of the Basic Principles Committee, 1950-1952

8. Dissolution of the First constituent Assembly and the court cases on the dissolution, the

Doctrine of Necessity, 1954-55

9. The Second Constituent Assembly, 1955-56

10. The One Unit Scheme; The Formulation of the Constitution, 1956

11. The 1956 Constitution: Main Features

12. Working of Parliamentary System, 1947-1958

13. The Ayub Khan Regime

14. Martial Law Administration and its major policies

15. Change to constitutional rule; Rule under the 1962 Constitution, including the main

features of the 1962 Constitution.

16. The Yahya Regime

17. Martial Law Administration, Major Policies, The Legal Framework Order and the

elections

18. The East Pakistan Crisis.

Text Books:

G.W. Choudhry. Constitutional Development in Pakistan

Khalid bin Sayeed. The Political System of Pakistan

Recommended Books:

1. Ayub Khan. Friends not Master: A Political Auto-Biography.

2. Hamid Khan. Constitutional and Political History of Pakistan.

3. Khald bin Sayeed. Politics in Pakistan

4. Lawrence Ziring, Pakistan: An Enigma of Political Development

5. Pakistan in the 20th Century: A Political History (Karachi: OUP, 1997)

41

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46

ENGLISH - IV (ENGLISH FOR PRACTICAL AIMS)

UNIQUE COURSE CODE: 104

CREDIT HOURS: 3

1. PROFESSIONAL CORRESPONDENCE

CV and Covering letter.

Follow up messages after the job interview.

Recommended Books

Effective Business Communications. 7th Edition. By Herta A. Murphy, Herbert W.

Hildebrandt, Jane P. Thomas. Pub. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited,

New Delhi, 2009. (Page 504-529, 540-548)

2. ADVANCED READING AND COMPREHENSION II

The students are required to read the given prose critically and answer the questions.

Recommended Book:

The St. Martin's Guide to Writing by Rise B. Axelrod, Charles R. Cooper. Pub. St.

Martin's Press, 1988. (Page 146-147, 152-155, 158-172)

3. JOB INTERVIEWS

The Students should learn to handle job interviews through "mock interviews".

Recommended Book:

Effective Business Communications 7th Edition. By Herta A. Murphy, Herbert W.

Hildebrandt, Jane P. Thomas. Pub. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited,

New Delhi, 2009. (Page 539-539)

4. ESSAY WRITING

The students should be able to compose essays of 5 to 6 paragraphs relying on what they

have learnt in the previous semesters about paragraph writing. (Word Limit upto 500

words)

Recommended Book:

5. VOCABULARY BUILDING SKILS

WORD ROOT METHOD Unit 12-17. Page No. 116-131

Recommended Book:

Guide for GAT General Test. SMART BRAIN. GRE (General, Local) by Muhammad

Idrees. Pub: Dogar Brothers. 2010-2011 edition.

47

COMPUTER USAGE - II

CREDIT HOURS: 2

This course is designed in view of the application of computers in wide range of areas. This

course would familiarize students with basics of computer. The Course will cover introduction

to computer hardware and software related to Urdu. After having completed this course students

would be able to use window software such as MS office including Inpage, MS Excel, MS

Word and Power Point.

Course Contents

Everyday Worksheet Tasks

Creating and Formatting Charts

Printing Worksheet

Introduction to Power Point

a. Basic Features

b. Preparing Presentation using Power Point

Pedagogy

This is a practical course which will be conducted in computer laboratory with hands-on

instructions and guidance. Students will be given assignments in various applications such as

MS Word, Power point and MS Excel.

Recommended Book:

1. Maran, R. (1995). Windows 95 Simplified. Foster City C.A: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.

2. Maran, R., & Wing, K. (1997). Teach yourself Word 97. Foster City, C.A: IDG Books

worldwide, Inc.

3. Nelson, K. Y. (1996). Windows 95 is driving me crazy. Berkeley, CA: Peach Pit Press.

4. Person, R. (1973). Using Excel Version 5 for windows. Indianapolis: Que Corporation.

48

INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY

CREDIT HOURS: 3

1. Introduction & Definitions of Geography

a. Themes of Geography

b. Roots of the discipline & basic geographic concepts

c. The evolution of geography from ancient to modern period

d. Branches of Geography and its relations with other disciplines.

2. The Universe

a. Galaxies and Solar System

b. Origin of the Earth.

3. Earth as a planet and celestial positions its Shape and size

a. Rotation and revolution and related phenomena

b. Earths' Satellite Moon

c. Lunar and Solar Eclipses

4. Positions on Map and Globe,

a. Geographical coordinates and its characteristics

b. World time zones standard and local time

5. Geological time scale,

a. Internal Structure of the Earth & Rocks

b. Distribution of land and water

c. Major Landforms (Mountain, Plateau and Plain)

6. Atmospheric Structure and Composition.

a. Elements of Weather and climate

7. Ocean and its Configuration

a. Movement of Oceans

8. Biomes

Recommended Books:

1. Christopherson, R.W. (2000). Geo-systems, Prentice-Hall, Inc, USA.

2. De Blij, H. J and Muller, P.O. (1996), Physical Geography of the Global Environment,

USA, John Wiley and Sons Inc.

3. Diwan A.P. & D.K. Arora (1995), Origin of the Ocean, Anmol Publisher, Delhi.

4. Galber, R.E, Sager, R.J and Wise, D.L. (1997), Essentials of Physical Geography,

Saunders, College Publishing, New York

5. Kendrews, (1961), Climates of the continents, Longman London/New York

6. King, CAM (1980), Physical Geography, Oxford, Basil Blackwell

7. Mcliveen, J.F.R. (1992), Fundamentals of Weather and climate, Prentice Hall New Jersey

8. Miller, E.W. (1985), Physical Geography, Columbus, Charles E. Merrill

49

9. Miller, G.T. (1996), Living in the Environment, Principles, Connections and Solution,

Wadsworth

10. Monkhouse, F.J. (1996), Principles of Physical Geography, Hodder & Stoghton, London

11. Rathor, A. Hamid (1996), Tabhi Geographia, Islamabad Muqtadra Qaumi Zaban

12. Scott, R.C. (1996), Intrduction to Physical Geography, West Publishing Co, New York. I

13. Small, R.J. (1989), Geomorphology and Hydrology, London, Longman.

14. Strahlar, An.N., Strahlar, A.H. (2004), Physical Environment, John Wiley,. New York

15. Stringer, E.T. (2004), Modern Physical Geography, New York: John Wiley.

16. Taylor, J. (1993), Integral Physical Geography, London Longman

17. Thompson, R.D. et. Al. (1986) Process in Physical Geography, London, Longman.

18. Thornbury, W.D. (1969), Principles of Geomorphology, John Willy & Sons. New York.

19. Thurman, H.V. & Mexrill (1996), Essentials of Oceanography, Menson, London

20. Shepherd (Latest edition) Oceanography

21. Pakistan Geographical Review (Lahore)

22. Pakistan Journal of Geography (Peshawar)

23. Journal Geography (Karachi)

24. HEC Digital Library

50

MASS COMMUNICATION

CREDIT HOURS: 3

CONTENTS:

Communication:

Definitions, types and significance. Process of Communication: Source; message;

Channel; noise; destination; encoding; decoding; and feedback. Barriers in

communication. Essentials of effective communication. Role of mass media in agenda

setting.

Nature and Functions of mass communication. (Information, Education, Opinion

Formation, Entertainment and Development.)

MEDIA OF MASS COMMUNICATION

Print Media: newspapers, magazines, periodicals, books, pamphlets, etc. Broadcast

media: radio, TV, film.

New Media: (Internet) - On-line journalism. Traditional/Folk-Media.

Comparative Study of mass media, their components, functions and effects

Recommended Book:

1. Dominick, J.R. (2006). Dynamics of Mass Communication (8th ed.) New York;

McGraw-Hill.

2. Straubhaar, Larose. (2002). Media Now: Communication Media in the Information Age

(3rd ed.). USA; Wadsworth.

51

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