Unit XIV: ExcretionUnit XIV: Excretion

Removal of Metabolic WastesRemoval of Metabolic Wastes

___________________________________________ of metabolic wastes A build up wastes would become ________ to the organismThose wastes maybe be _____________________________

A. Metabolic Wastes material made from the substances that are utilized by cells a) ___________________________________________ b) _________________________________________________________

c) _________________________________________________________

d) _________________________________________________________

___________________________________________

e) _________________________________________________________

*feces is not considered a metabolic waste because is has never entered the cells

B. Adaptations for Excretion

1. Excretion in Protists - ____________ out through the ________________ - _______________ – ___________________ – removes water from the paramecium

2. Excretion in the Hydra - ___________ out through the ______________ very similar to the protists

3. Excretion in the Earthworm - large and multicellular – most of its __________________ with the environment ___________________________ ______________________ - __________ – excretory structure found in pairs in most of the segments

Creates ______________________________________ ____________________________________________ Nephrostome – _____________________ from the body cavity of the worm; funnel shaped with cilia Capillaries – __________________________________ ____________; also reabsorb useful materials Bladder – _______________ until they are ready to be released Nephridiopore – ____________________ of the body

Nephridia is designed very similar __________________________________

4. Excretion in the Grasshopper - Wastes enter _____________________ from the body cavity by __________________________________ - Wastes are then ________________________________ - In the intestines ___________________________ and the ______________________________________________ - __________________________________________ does not dissolve in water ___ ________________ excreted by insects, reptiles, birds - ________________________________________________

C. NITROGENOUS WASTES Formed from the _________________________________ 1. ________________________

- simplest but _______________________- Made by all organisms but has to be

transformed by organisms as not to kill them 2. ________________________

- less ______________________________________ of ___________________

- Made by __________________________, fish 3. ________________________

- least toxic, dry, does not dissolve in water- Made by _____________, reptiles, birds

D. Human Excretory System 1. Lungs - Lungs remove ______ and ______ - CO2 and H2O are the end products of ______________

2. Role of the Liver a) _________________________ - removes ______________________________ - bacteria, drugs, hormones - returns less toxic materials to the blood to be excreted from the body b) _________________ - made of ______________________________________ - collected in the gall bladder and released into the intestines - helps digest and absorb fat - small intestine reabsorbs much of the bile salts - ____________ – build up of broken down hemoglobin

turn yellow – eyes, finger nails, skin

c) ______________________ - Made from broken down amino acids - ___________ ___________ ____________

3. Urinary Systema) __________________ - ___________ organs, “washing machines”, 3 layers - ______ (outer), _______ (middle), ___________ (inner) - Remove __________________ - __________________ - ____________________ of substances (___________)

* _______________ * - _________________________________ - millions of nephrons in each kidney - Blood enters the nephron from the renal artery - _______________ – collection of _________________ - _________________________________________________ __________- (collecting duct) pushed out under _________ good and bad substances - __________________________ _______________ = filtrate – 180 L per day - ___________ – filtrate passes into ___________ – ________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ - Left over fluid is _______ – __________________________ flows into the collecting duct

b) _____________ - ___________________ of the _____________ the beginning of the ureter - tube that _________________ to the _________________c) ______________________ - ___________ until it is time to go to the bathroomd) ______________ - _________________________ ______________________

4. ____________ - keeps the body from _________________ - removes ______________________ _______________________________ ______________ – takes water and heat of the skin

“standing in front of the fan after gym”

5. Diseases of the Urinary System a) ___________________ - overload _______________________________ - generally associated with _______________ - liver becomes over grown and filled with scar tissue - can not function properly – ______________________

b) __________________ - ___________________________________________ - form stones that __________________________________ - use _________________________________

c) _______________ - _____________________ ______________________ ______________________ - from a build up of urea in the blood ____________d) _______________ - used to __________________ - machine that ___________________ – ____________________