Unit 10 Chapter 37Respiration, Circulation, and Excretion

The Respiratory System

Pathway of air: Nasal passages = to

warm, moisten, & filter Pharynx = throat Epiglottis = cartilage flap

covering opening of trachea, prevents food from entering

Larynx = voice box

The Respiratory System Trachea (windpipe)

surrounded by cartilage rings to prevent collapse

Bronchi bronchioles successively smaller

tubes branching into lungs Alveoli

small sacs where oxygen & CO2 are exchanged by simple diffusion

The Respiratory System Types of Respiration: External Respiration

Occurs in lungs, oxygen enters blood Internal Respiration

Occurs in body cells, oxygen enters tissue

Which isExternal?…Internal?

The Respiratory System Mechanics of breathing: Inhaling = diaphragm contracts, chest

enlarges, reduced pressure brings in air Exhaling = diaphragm relaxes, chest

reduces, increased pressure pushes out air

Diaphragm

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The Circulatory System: the Blood

Plasma Straw colored fluid portion of blood Transports food, cell wastes, hormones,

antibodies, etc

The Circulatory System: the Blood

Red Blood Cells Small, disc-shaped

cells without nuclei Contains Hemoglobin,

which gives RBCs the ability to transport oxygen

The Circulatory System: the Blood

White Blood Cells Large, nucleated

cells without color Change shape to

slip in & out of vessels; for surrounding and engulfing foreign substances

The Circulatory System: the Blood

Platelets Very small cell fragments Help clot the blood after an injury

Platelets

The Circulatory System: the Blood

Blood Types A, B, AB & O are determined by antigens:

Antigens are substances that stimulate an immune response in the body

Plasma contains antibodies: Antibodies are Y-shaped

proteins that match with antigens

The Circulatory System: the Vessels Arteries Large, thick-walled, muscular vessels Carry blood away from the heart

The Circulatory System: the Vessels Veins Large, less muscular vessels with valves

to prevent backflow of blood Carry blood toward the heart

Veins

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The Circulatory System: the Vessels Capillaries Microscopic blood vessels branching

throughout body tissues One cell thick walls allow exchange of

materials between blood & tissues

The Circulatory System: the heart

Chambers of the heart: Atria Upper, thin-walled

chambers that receive blood from body

Ventricles Lower, muscular

chambers that pump blood to the entire body

The Circulatory System: the heart Blood vessels: Vena cavae are the largest

veins that enter Right Atrium Pulmonary Artery takes

blood to lungs, while Pulmonary Veins bring it back to heart

Aorta is the largest artery that leaves the Left ventricle

Circulation of blood through the heart

Circulation of blood through the body

The Circulatory System: the heart

Pulse The surge of blood

through an artery; can measure the number of heartbeats/minute

Blood Pressure The force that blood

exerts on the blood vessels; directly relates to heart health

EKG

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The Urinary System Kidneys

Filter the blood to remove wastes, maintaining homeostasis of the body fluids

NephronAbout one million filtering units per kidney

The Urinary System Ureters

Tubes connecting kidney to bladder

Urinary bladderTemporary storage of

urine Urethra

Passes urine from bladder out of the body

Kidney

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