Unit 7 : Part A Unit 7 : Part A Thinking : A Neglected Art A Neglected Art 21st Century College English: Book 2

Unit 7 : Part AUnit 7 : Part A

ThinkingThinking: : A Neglected ArtA Neglected Art

21st Century College English: Book 221st Century College English: Book 2

Unit 7: Part AUnit 7: Part A

• Pre-reading Activities

• Intensive Study

• ExercisesExercises

• Assignment

• Warm-up QuestionsWarm-up Questions

• ListeningListening

Pre-reading ActivitiesPre-reading Activities

Pre-reading Activities: Warm-up QuestionsPre-reading Activities: Warm-up Questions

1. What do you think about thinking?1. What do you think about thinking?

2. Do you like thinking? Why?2. Do you like thinking? Why?

Pre-reading Activities: ListeningPre-reading Activities: Listening

1.1. As you listen to Part One of the tape, try to As you listen to Part One of the tape, try to figurfigure out what the words e out what the words blurkblurk and and blurkingblurking mean. mean.

• What does “blurk” mean?What does “blurk” mean?A)A) To do physical exercisesTo do physical exercisesB)B) To sing songsTo sing songsC)C) To spell wordsTo spell wordsD)D) To beat one’s brainsTo beat one’s brainsE)E) To do a crossword gameTo do a crossword game

• What does “blurk” mean?What does “blurk” mean?A)A) To do physical exercisesTo do physical exercisesB)B) To sing songsTo sing songsC)C) To spell wordsTo spell wordsD)D) To beat one’s brainsTo beat one’s brainsE)E) To do a crossword gameTo do a crossword game

ScriptScriptScriptScript

Pre-reading Activities: Listening Script Pre-reading Activities: Listening Script — Part One— Part One

Announcer [very enthusiastically]: Announcer [very enthusiastically]: Yes, you too can experience the excitement of this wonderful pastYes, you too can experience the excitement of this wonderful pastime! Blurking is for everyone — whether you’re young or old, profime! Blurking is for everyone — whether you’re young or old, professional or amateur, expert or a complete beginner — you too can essional or amateur, expert or a complete beginner — you too can blurk! And blurking is something you can do anytime, anywhere! blurk! And blurking is something you can do anytime, anywhere! You can blurk in your house, in your car, alone or with your friendYou can blurk in your house, in your car, alone or with your friends. You can blurk in the dark, you can blurk on the run, you can eves. You can blurk in the dark, you can blurk on the run, you can even blurk in the bath! Blurking requires no special equipment, and tn blurk in the bath! Blurking requires no special equipment, and there are no complicated instructions! Blurking takes up no space, here are no complicated instructions! Blurking takes up no space, it makes no noise, it’s friendly to the environment, and most of thit makes no noise, it’s friendly to the environment, and most of the time, blurking is perfectly safe and has very few side effects. We e time, blurking is perfectly safe and has very few side effects. We promise: Once you start blurking, you'll find it hard to stop. So try promise: Once you start blurking, you'll find it hard to stop. So try blurking now, for free. blurking now, for free.

Pre-reading Activities: ListeningPre-reading Activities: Listening

2.2. Now listen to Part Two, and work out what Now listen to Part Two, and work out what porfiporfingng is is..

• What does “porfing” mean?What does “porfing” mean?A)A) DiscoveringDiscoveringB)B) ReadingReadingC)C) InventingInventingD)D) AmazingAmazing


• What does “porfing” mean?What does “porfing” mean?A)A) DiscoveringDiscoveringB)B) ReadingReadingC)C) InventingInventingD)D) AmazingAmazing

Pre-reading Activities: Listening Script Pre-reading Activities: Listening Script — Part Two— Part Two

Announcer [still very enthusiastically]: Announcer [still very enthusiastically]:

And as a special offer, you can also enjoy porfing — one of the mAnd as a special offer, you can also enjoy porfing — one of the m

ost amazing activities ever discovered. Experience for yourself hoost amazing activities ever discovered. Experience for yourself ho

w porfing silently transfers information directly to your brain, at ww porfing silently transfers information directly to your brain, at w

hatever speed you choose! We’re sure you'll find that porfing is a hatever speed you choose! We’re sure you'll find that porfing is a

great companion activity to blurking, especially if you try them botgreat companion activity to blurking, especially if you try them bot

h at the same time. All you have to do to try out porfing for yourseh at the same time. All you have to do to try out porfing for yourse

lf is move your eyes across specially-marked pieces of paper. Yolf is move your eyes across specially-marked pieces of paper. Yo

u’ll be amazed! u’ll be amazed!

• Intensive Study

• Difficult sentencesDifficult sentences

• Key words, phrases & usagesKey words, phrases & usages

• Comprehension exercisesComprehension exercises

Pre-Reading ActivitiesPre-Reading Activities

Intensive StudyIntensive Study

Thinking: A Thinking: A Neglected Art

by by Carolyn KaneCarolyn Kane

11 It is generally agreed that the American education system is It is generally agreed that the American education system is

in deep trouble. Everyone is aware of the horrible facts: school systems are

running out of money, teachers can’t spell, students can’t read, high school

graduates can’t even find China on the map.


22 Most of us know, or think we know, who Most of us know, or think we know, who is to blame: liberal courts,

spineless school boards, ridiculous government regulations. It’s easy to

select a bad guy.

33

But possibly the problem lies not so much in our institutions as in our attitud

es.

It is sad that although most of us claim that we believe in education, we

place no value on intellectual activity.


44 We Americans are a charitable and humane people: We have We Americans are a charitable and humane people: We have

institutions devoted to every good cause from rescuing homeless cats institutions devoted to every good cause from rescuing homeless cats

to preventing World War III. But what have we done to to preventing World War III. But what have we done to promote the art of thinking? Certainly we make no room for thought in our daily lives. Suppose a man were to say to his friends, “I’m not going to PTA tonight (or the baseball game, or whatever) because I need some time to myself, some time to think”? Such a man would be shunned by his neighbors; his family would be ashamed of him. What if a teen-ager were to say, “I’m not going to the dance tonight because I need some time to think”? His parents would immediately start looking in the Yellow Pages for a psychiatrist.


55 Several years ago a college administrator told me that if he wanted Several years ago a college administrator told me that if he wanted to do any serious thinking, he had to get up at 5:30 in the morning to do any serious thinking, he had to get up at 5:30 in the morning —— I I suppose because that was the only time when no one would interrupt him. More recently I heard a professor remark that when his friends catch him in the act of reading a book, they say, “My, it must be nice to have so much free time.” And even though I am an English teacher ―a person who should know better ― I find myself feeling vaguely guilty whenever I sneak off to the library to read. It is a common belief that if a man is thinking or reading, he is doing nothing. Through our words and our actions, we express this attitude every day of our lives. Then we wonder why our children refuse to take their studies seriously and why they say to their teachers, “Why do I need to learn this stuff? It won’t do me any good; I’ll never need it.”


66 It’s easy to understand the reasons for this prejudice against It’s easy to understand the reasons for this prejudice against

thinking. One problem is that to most of us, thinking looks thinking. One problem is that to most of us, thinking looks

suspiciously like doing nothing. A human being in deep thought is an suspiciously like doing nothing. A human being in deep thought is an

uninspiring sight. uninspiring sight.

He leans back in his chair, props up his feet, puffs on his pipe and stares into space. He gives every appearance of wasting time.

Besides, he’s leaving all the hard work for us! We wish he would get up and

do something useful ― clean the house, maybe, or mow the lawn. Our

resentment is natural.


77 But thinking is far different from laziness. Thinking is one of the But thinking is far different from laziness. Thinking is one of the

most productive activities a human being can undertake. Every most productive activities a human being can undertake. Every

beautiful and useful thing we have created exists because somebody beautiful and useful thing we have created exists because somebody

took the time and effort to think of it. took the time and effort to think of it.

88 And thinking does require time and effort. It’s a common And thinking does require time and effort. It’s a common

misconception that if a person is “gifted” or “bright” or “talented,” misconception that if a person is “gifted” or “bright” or “talented,”

wonderful ideas will flash spontaneously into his mind. Unfortunately, wonderful ideas will flash spontaneously into his mind. Unfortunately,

the intellect doesn’t work this way. Even Einstein had to study and the intellect doesn’t work this way. Even Einstein had to study and

think for months before he could formulate his theory of relativity. think for months before he could formulate his theory of relativity.

Those of us who are less intelligent find it a struggle to conceive even Those of us who are less intelligent find it a struggle to conceive even

a moderately good idea, a moderately good idea, let alone a brilliant one.


99 Another reason why we distrust thinking is that it seems Another reason why we distrust thinking is that it seems

unnatural. Human beings are a social species, but thinking is an unnatural. Human beings are a social species, but thinking is an

activity that people do best when they’re alone. Consequently, we activity that people do best when they’re alone. Consequently, we

worry about people who like to think. It disturbs us to meet a person worry about people who like to think. It disturbs us to meet a person

who deliberately chooses to sit alone and think instead of going to a who deliberately chooses to sit alone and think instead of going to a

party or a soccer match. We suspect that such a person needs party or a soccer match. We suspect that such a person needs

counseling. In addition, such people can sometimes appear unfriendly counseling. In addition, such people can sometimes appear unfriendly

― and that makes us deeply uneasy. ― and that makes us deeply uneasy.


1010 Our concern is misplaced. Our concern is misplaced.

Intelligence is just as much a part of human nature as friendliness. It would certainly be unnatural for someone to totally isolate themselves. But it would be equally unnatural for a person to allow his mind to die of neglect.

1111 If Americans ever became convinced of the importance of thought, If Americans ever became convinced of the importance of thought,

we would probably find ways to solve the problems of our schools, we would probably find ways to solve the problems of our schools,

problems that now seem impossible to overcome. But how can we problems that now seem impossible to overcome. But how can we

revive interest in the art of thinking? The best place to start would be revive interest in the art of thinking? The best place to start would be

in the home. Family members should practice saying such things as, “ in the home. Family members should practice saying such things as, “

I’ll wash the dishes tonight because I know you want to I’ll wash the dishes tonight because I know you want to catch up on your thinking.”


1212 This may sound crazy. But if we are to survive as a free people, we This may sound crazy. But if we are to survive as a free people, we

will have to take some such course of action as soon as possible, will have to take some such course of action as soon as possible,

because because regardless of what some advertisers have led us to believe, this

country does not run on oil. It runs on ideas.

neglect neglect v.v.

— — to pay little or no attention toto pay little or no attention to

e.g.e.g.

• His secretary had His secretary had neglectedneglected filing all the documents of filing all the documents of the project. the project.

Cf.Cf.

forgetforget v.v.

—— to leave behind unintentionally; to be unable to to leave behind unintentionally; to be unable to rememberremember

e.g.e.g.

• Don’t feel upset because she Don’t feel upset because she forgotforgot your name. your name.

Cf.Cf.

overlookoverlook v.v.

—— to fail to notice or consider; to ignore deliberatelyto fail to notice or consider; to ignore deliberately

e.g.e.g.

• When she decided to rent the house, she When she decided to rent the house, she overlookedoverlooked the fact that there’s no public transportation the fact that there’s no public transportation

around.around.

(be) in trouble(be) in trouble

—— having difficulties or problems having difficulties or problems

e.g.e.g.• If they know we are If they know we are in troublein trouble, they will certainly come , they will certainly come

to our help. to our help.

TranslateTranslate

许多许多 dot dot 公司陷入资金问题。公司陷入资金问题。KeyKey

Many dot companies are in trouble with funds.Many dot companies are in trouble with funds.

run out (of sth.)run out (of sth.)

—— have no further supply of; lack (sth.); be out of have no further supply of; lack (sth.); be out of

e.g.e.g.

• What will the world use for power when it has What will the world use for power when it has run out ofrun out of

oil? oil?

Cf.Cf.

run afterrun after

— — to pursue; to chaseto pursue; to chase

e.g.e.g.

• He is never tired of He is never tired of running afterrunning after fame. fame.

Cf.Cf.run intorun into— — to meet or find by chanceto meet or find by chancee.g.e.g.• She She ran intoran into her boss in the supermarket during work her boss in the supermarket during work

hours yesterday.hours yesterday.— — to amount toto amount toe.g.e.g.• His salary has run into six figures.His salary has run into six figures.

Cf.Cf.

run onrun on

— — to to move or work by means of (sth.); go by; work bymove or work by means of (sth.); go by; work by

e.g.e.g.

• The toy car The toy car runs onruns on battery. battery.

Cf.Cf.

run downrun down

— — to knock downto knock down

e.g.e.g.

• Three people were Three people were run downrun down by the speeding truck. by the speeding truck.

(be) to blame(be) to blame

—— to hold responsibleto hold responsible

e.g.e.g.

• A snow storm A snow storm was to blamewas to blame for the power failure. for the power failure.

NoteNote

He He is to be blamedis to be blamed for the damage. for the damage.

He He is to blameis to blame for the damage. for the damage.

liberal liberal a.a.

—— 1) 1) open to new ideas; favoring reformopen to new ideas; favoring reform

2) not strict; loose or approximate2) not strict; loose or approximate

e.g.e.g.

• The government adopt some The government adopt some liberalliberal policies to lift the policies to lift the

restriction for import.restriction for import.

• This book is a This book is a liberalliberal translation. translation.

Cf.Cf.

literalliteral

—— word for wordword for word

e.g.e.g.

• The official documents must be translated in a The official documents must be translated in a literal literal way.way.

guy guy n.n.

—— 1)1) [[informalinformal] ] a man, fellowa man, fellow

2)2) [[pl.pl.] ] [[informalinformal]] persons of either sex persons of either sex

e.g.e.g.

• George is a nice guy to work with.George is a nice guy to work with.

• Let’s do a good job, guys!Let’s do a good job, guys!

Translate into Chinese:Translate into Chinese:

But possibly the problem lies not so much in our But possibly the problem lies not so much in our institutions as in our attitudes.institutions as in our attitudes.

但或许问题更多的不是存在于我们的制度，而是存在于我们但或许问题更多的不是存在于我们的制度，而是存在于我们的态度之中。的态度之中。

intellectual intellectual a.a.

—— having the ability to learn and reasonhaving the ability to learn and reason

e.g.e.g.

• A project has been carried out to study the A project has been carried out to study the intellectualintellectual

aspect of apes.aspect of apes.

SynonymSynonym

intelligentintelligent

—— having the ability to cope with various situations having the ability to cope with various situations

and and new problemsnew problems

e.g.e.g.

• An An intelligentintelligent person would have been more careful. person would have been more careful.

SynonymSynonym

brightbright

—— showing quickness and ease in learningshowing quickness and ease in learning

e.g.e.g.

• Tom was a Tom was a brightbright boy and often came up with great boy and often came up with great

ideas.ideas.

SynonymSynonym

brilliantbrilliant

—— showing unusually impressive mental acutenessshowing unusually impressive mental acuteness

e.g.e.g.

• Einstein had a Einstein had a brilliantbrilliant mind. mind.

SynonymSynonym

smartsmart

—— having quick intelligence, and often a ready having quick intelligence, and often a ready

capability capability for taking care of one’s own interestsfor taking care of one’s own interests

e.g.e.g.

• He is too He is too smartsmart to go against his boss. to go against his boss.

promote promote v.v.

—— 1)1) to raise in rank, position or importanceto raise in rank, position or importance

2)2) to attempt to sell or popularize by advertising or to attempt to sell or popularize by advertising or publicitypublicity

e.g.e.g.

• The organization aims to The organization aims to promotepromote the concern for the the concern for the homeless people.homeless people.

• The author will come to the city to The author will come to the city to promotepromote his new book. his new book.

TranslateTranslate

新的税收政策将促进高科技产业的快速发展。新的税收政策将促进高科技产业的快速发展。KeyKey

The new tax policy will promote the rapid The new tax policy will promote the rapid development of the high-tech industries.development of the high-tech industries.

make (no) room formake (no) room for

—— have (no) space or time for have (no) space or time for

e.g.e.g.

• He is busy with his work all the time and He is busy with his work all the time and makes no makes no room forroom for social life. social life.

PracticePractice

Make a sentence with “Make a sentence with “make no room formake no room for”.”.

suppose suppose v.v.

—— 1)1) [[imperativeimperative] to consider as possible; if] to consider as possible; if

e.g.e.g.

• SupposeSuppose you have a second chance, what will you do? you have a second chance, what will you do?

TranslateTranslate

要是给你这份工作，你接受吗？要是给你这份工作，你接受吗？KeyKey

Suppose you are offered the job, will you accept it?Suppose you are offered the job, will you accept it?

More to learnMore to learnMore to learnMore to learn


—— 2)2) to think; to expect; to imagineto think; to expect; to imagine

e.g.e.g.

• George George supposedsupposed his role as cultural translator was his role as cultural translator was important to the joint venture.important to the joint venture.

TranslateTranslate

我想亚洲的经济形势已经开始好转。我想亚洲的经济形势已经开始好转。KeyKey

I suppose that Asia’s economic situation has started I suppose that Asia’s economic situation has started to improve.to improve.

PTAPTA ( (PParent-arent-TTeacher eacher AAssociation)ssociation)

PTA is an organization of local groups of teachers and PTA is an organization of local groups of teachers and the parents of their pupils that works for the the parents of their pupils that works for the improvement of the schools and the benefit of the pupils. improvement of the schools and the benefit of the pupils.

The stated purposes of the PTA are to bring the home The stated purposes of the PTA are to bring the home and school into closer relationship so that parents and and school into closer relationship so that parents and teachers may cooperate intelligently in the training of the teachers may cooperate intelligently in the training of the child, and to develop between educators and the general child, and to develop between educators and the general public such united efforts as will secure for every child public such united efforts as will secure for every child the highest advantages in mental, social, and physical the highest advantages in mental, social, and physical education. education.

Text-related informationText-related information

what ifwhat if

—— what would occur if; suppose thatwhat would occur if; suppose that

e.g.e.g.

• What ifWhat if our computer is affected by the virus? our computer is affected by the virus?

Cf.Cf.

what thoughwhat though

—— it doesn't matter ifit doesn't matter if

e.g.e.g.

• What thoughWhat though the data in our computer is destroyed by the data in our computer is destroyed by the virus; we have backup.the virus; we have backup.

More to doMore to doMore to doMore to do

1.1. You seem to be quite certain that I will accept your offer. You seem to be quite certain that I will accept your offer. (( 如果我不接受呢如果我不接受呢 ?) ?)

2.2. If they know we are in trouble, they will certainly come to If they know we are in trouble, they will certainly come to our help. our help. (( 但是如果他们不知道呢但是如果他们不知道呢 ?) ?)

VIII. Look at the sample sentences from the text and make use of what if to complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese into English.

What ifWhat if I say no? I say no?

But But what ifwhat if they don’t know? they don’t know?

Exercises Exercises • • StructureStructure

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VIII, p. 166Ex. VIII, p. 166《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VIII, p. 166Ex. VIII, p. 166

3.3. The deadline for this job is the end of the month. (The deadline for this job is the end of the month. ( 要是我们要是我们不能按时完成怎么办不能按时完成怎么办 ?)?)

4.4. When asked why they helped the flood victims so generouslWhen asked why they helped the flood victims so generously, they just answered: (“y, they just answered: (“ 假如这事发生在你我身上呢假如这事发生在你我身上呢 ?”)?”)

What if we can’t get it done on we can’t get it done on time?time?

““What if this happens to us (someday)?” this happens to us (someday)?”



5.5. The newcomer seems to be far different from what he haThe newcomer seems to be far different from what he has professed to be. (s professed to be. ( 要是他对我们说了谎那该怎么办要是他对我们说了谎那该怎么办 ?)?)

6.6. When the news came, Tom simply ignored it, When the news came, Tom simply ignored it, thinkinthinking it couldn’t be true. (g it couldn’t be true. ( 但如果那是真的又怎么办呢但如果那是真的又怎么办呢 ?)?)

What ifWhat if he has lied to us? he has lied to us?

But But what ifwhat if it was true? it was true?



Text-related informationText-related information

Yellow PagesYellow Pages

A classified telephone directory or section of a A classified telephone directory or section of a

directory, listing subscribers directory, listing subscribers by the type of business or by the type of business or

serviceservice they offer, usually printed on yellow paper and they offer, usually printed on yellow paper and

with classified advertising. with classified advertising.


—— 1)1) [[imperativeimperative] to consider as possible; if] to consider as possible; if

e.g.e.g.

• SupposeSuppose you have a second chance, what will you do. you have a second chance, what will you do.

TranslateTranslate

要是给你这份工作，你接受吗？要是给你这份工作，你接受吗？KeyKey

Suppose you are offered the job, will you accept it?Suppose you are offered the job, will you accept it?

More to learnMore to learnMore to learnMore to learn


—— 2)2) to think; to expect; to imagineto think; to expect; to imagine

e.g.e.g.

• George George supposedsupposed his role as cultural translator was his role as cultural translator was important to the joint venture.important to the joint venture.

TranslateTranslate

我想亚洲的经济形势已经开始好转。我想亚洲的经济形势已经开始好转。KeyKey

I suppose that Asia’s economic situation has started I suppose that Asia’s economic situation has started to improve.to improve.

sneak off (to)sneak off (to)

—— leave quietlyleave quietly

e.g.e.g.

• Jane Jane sneaked offsneaked off in the middle of the party in the middle of the party toto her room. her room.

stuff stuff n.n.

—— [[informalinformal] substance; unspecified material] substance; unspecified material

e.g.e.g.

• There’s sticky There’s sticky stuffstuff all over the desk. all over the desk.

• We’ve known all of this We’ve known all of this stuffstuff; can you tell us anything ; can you tell us anything new?new?


He leans back in his chair, props up his feet, puffs on his He leans back in his chair, props up his feet, puffs on his

pipe and stares into space. He gives every appearance of pipe and stares into space. He gives every appearance of

wasting time. wasting time.

他仰坐在椅上，架起双腿，抽着烟斗，漠然注视着前方。不他仰坐在椅上，架起双腿，抽着烟斗，漠然注视着前方。不管怎么看，他都是一副消磨时光的样子。管怎么看，他都是一副消磨时光的样子。

let alonelet alone

—— [[idiomidiom] not to mention; much less] not to mention; much less

e.g.e.g.

• She has never drunk beer, She has never drunk beer, let alonelet alone wine or liquor. wine or liquor.

TranslateTranslate

我不会说英语，更别提法语或德语了。我不会说英语，更别提法语或德语了。

KeyKeyI can’t speak English, let alone French or German.I can’t speak English, let alone French or German.


Intelligence is just as much a part of human nature as Intelligence is just as much a part of human nature as

friendliness. friendliness.

智慧如同友善一样也是人性的一部分。智慧如同友善一样也是人性的一部分。

catch up oncatch up on

—— (make special efforts to) do sth. which has been left (make special efforts to) do sth. which has been left uundone or neglected ndone or neglected

e.g.e.g.

• She is staying up late at the office to She is staying up late at the office to catch up oncatch up on the the report.report.

Cf.Cf.

catch up withcatch up with

—— to come up from behindto come up from behind

e.g.e.g.

• China is making great efforts to China is making great efforts to catch up withcatch up with the the advanced countries in information technologies.advanced countries in information technologies.

regardless ofregardless of

—— in spite ofin spite of

e.g.e.g.

• The company will promote its new product The company will promote its new product regardless regardless ofof expenses. expenses.

TranslateTranslate

Priscilla held onto her dream to get college education Priscilla held onto her dream to get college education regardless ofregardless of all the hardships. all the hardships.

KeyKey

普里西拉不顾千辛万苦，从不放弃上大学的愿望。普里西拉不顾千辛万苦，从不放弃上大学的愿望。

run onrun on

—— (cause to) move or work by means of (sth. such as (cause to) move or work by means of (sth. such as ppower); go by; work byower); go by; work by

e.g.e.g.

• The The taxicabs in this city are required to taxicabs in this city are required to run onrun on natural natural gas.gas.

PracticePractice

Make a sentence with “Make a sentence with “run onrun on”.”.

ExercisesExercises

• Comprehension Comprehension

• VocabularyVocabulary

• ListeningListening

Answer the following questions:

1.1. How does the author illustrate her statement that the How does the author illustrate her statement that the American education system is in deep trouble?American education system is in deep trouble?

Key: Key: She cites “horrible facts”: school systems are She cites “horrible facts”: school systems are

running out of money, teachers can’t spell, students running out of money, teachers can’t spell, students

can’t read, high school graduates can’t even find can’t read, high school graduates can’t even find

China on the map.China on the map.

ComprehensionComprehension

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. II, p. 163Ex. II, p. 163《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. II, p. 163Ex. II, p. 163

2.2. What support does she offer for her argument that “we place What support does she offer for her argument that “we place no value on intellectual activity?” How much of her evidence no value on intellectual activity?” How much of her evidence is factual?is factual?


Key: Key: The support she offers is (a) the suggestion that The support she offers is (a) the suggestion that

we have no institutions devoted to thinking;(b) the we have no institutions devoted to thinking;(b) the

idea that we make on room for thought in our daily idea that we make on room for thought in our daily

lives; and (c) that we would be shocked by and/or lives; and (c) that we would be shocked by and/or

ashamed of a person who avoided socializing in favor ashamed of a person who avoided socializing in favor

of thinking. None of the evidence is factual.of thinking. None of the evidence is factual.


3.3. What two causes of “prejudice against thinking”does the What two causes of “prejudice against thinking”does the author present?author present?


Key: Key: The two causes she mentions are that thinking The two causes she mentions are that thinking

(a) looks as if the person is wasting time, and (b) (a) looks as if the person is wasting time, and (b)

seems unnatural, since humans are sociable by seems unnatural, since humans are sociable by

nature. nature.


4.4. What is her main argument against the first cause of What is her main argument against the first cause of “prejudice against thinking”? How does she illustrate her “prejudice against thinking”? How does she illustrate her argument?argument?


Key: Key: She argues that thinking is a highly productive She argues that thinking is a highly productive

activity that requires time and effort. Her main activity that requires time and effort. Her main

illustration is that Einstein “had to study and think illustration is that Einstein “had to study and think

for months”to formulate the theory of relativity.for months”to formulate the theory of relativity.


5.5. What is her main argument against the second cause of What is her main argument against the second cause of “prejudice against thinking”?“prejudice against thinking”?


Key: Key: She argues that intelligence is just as much a She argues that intelligence is just as much a

part of human nature as friendliness and that it part of human nature as friendliness and that it

would be unnatural for a person to neglect his or would be unnatural for a person to neglect his or

her mind.her mind.


6.6. What relationship does the author see between “prejudice What relationship does the author see between “prejudice against thinking” and the problems of the education system?against thinking” and the problems of the education system?


Key: Key: She says that our prejudice against thinking She says that our prejudice against thinking

underlies the problems with the education system.underlies the problems with the education system.


7.7. What recommendation(s) does she have for solving the What recommendation(s) does she have for solving the problems she sees? problems she sees?


Key: Key: She recommends starting in the home, for She recommends starting in the home, for

example, by offering our family members time to example, by offering our family members time to

catch up on their thinking.catch up on their thinking.


8.8. Why does she say “this may sound crazy” (para.12)?Why does she say “this may sound crazy” (para.12)?


Key: Key: Because she expects readers to reject or laugh Because she expects readers to reject or laugh

at her recommendation; she apparently believes at her recommendation; she apparently believes

that no one ever gives anyone time to think, and/or that no one ever gives anyone time to think, and/or

that no one can think and wash the dishes (for that no one can think and wash the dishes (for

example) at the same time.example) at the same time.


VocabularyVocabulary


Word BuildingWord Building

Ex. III Ex. IV Ex. V

Ex. VI Ex. VII

III.III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.form where necessary.

1.1. Part of a psychiatrist’s work is to provide _____ to help Part of a psychiatrist’s work is to provide _____ to help students with personal problems.students with personal problems.

counselingcounseling

2.2. When I’m very angry, I find it best to _____ myself When I’m very angry, I find it best to _____ myself from other people for a little while.from other people for a little while.

isolateisolate


suspicioussuspicious administrationadministration flashflash moderatemoderate promotepromote

counselcounsel shunshun sneaksneak formulateformulate isolateisolate《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. III, p. 163Ex. III, p. 163《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. III, p. 163Ex. III, p. 163

3.3. It’s very sad that many AIDS victims find themselves It’s very sad that many AIDS victims find themselves _____ by friends and neighbors who can’t overcome _____ by friends and neighbors who can’t overcome their fears and prejudices.their fears and prejudices.

shunnedshunned

4.4. The government official comments on the present The government official comments on the present economic situation with ____ satisfaction, saying that it economic situation with ____ satisfaction, saying that it is showing signs for the better.is showing signs for the better.

moderatemoderate




counselcounsel shunshun sneaksneak formulateformulate isolateisolate

5.5. Mary _____ off to Paris last weekend all by herself Mary _____ off to Paris last weekend all by herself without letting anyone know. She said she just suddenly without letting anyone know. She said she just suddenly felt like going away for a few days, and went.felt like going away for a few days, and went.

sneakedsneaked

6.6. Many educators feel our schools do too little to _____ Many educators feel our schools do too little to _____ creativity and critical thinking.creativity and critical thinking.

promotepromote





7.7. If our institutions do not have good _____, money will If our institutions do not have good _____, money will be lost and nothing can be achieved.be lost and nothing can be achieved.

administrationadministration

8.8. On her way to the airport, it _____ into Catherine’s On her way to the airport, it _____ into Catherine’s mind that she’d forgotten her passport.mind that she’d forgotten her passport.

flashedflashed





9.9. A genius is someone who not only has ideas, but also A genius is someone who not only has ideas, but also knows how to _____ them in words and communicate knows how to _____ them in words and communicate them to others.them to others.

formulateformulate

10.10. Mr. Smith kept himself indoors for a whole week Mr. Smith kept himself indoors for a whole week without even opening the windows and his _____ without even opening the windows and his _____ neighbors reported this to the police. neighbors reported this to the police.

suspicioussuspicious





1.1. How can you expect anyone to How can you expect anyone to have trust inhave trust in you when you are you when you are

so careless in everything you do?so careless in everything you do?

2.2. I’m so sorry, but I really can’t go out tonight — I have to I’m so sorry, but I really can’t go out tonight — I have to do the do the

homework I’ve been neglectinghomework I’ve been neglecting..

IV. IV. Replace the underlined words in the following sentences with Replace the underlined words in the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the text that best keep the original phrases or expressions from the text that best keep the original meaning.meaning.


believe inbelieve in

catch up on my homeworkcatch up on my homework

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. IV, p. 164Ex. IV, p. 164《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. IV, p. 164Ex. IV, p. 164

3.3. When we’ve When we’ve used allused all our oil supplies, it’ll be too late to look for our oil supplies, it’ll be too late to look for

other sources of energy.other sources of energy.

4.4. In spite ofIn spite of what most scientists seem to think, measurements what most scientists seem to think, measurements

and calculations are not the only way to discover truth.and calculations are not the only way to discover truth.



run out ofrun out of

Regardless ofRegardless of

5.5. With the rapid development of this area, all these old buildings With the rapid development of this area, all these old buildings

will soon be torn down to will soon be torn down to clear the spaceclear the space for new ones. for new ones.

6.6. I can’t even afford a bicycle, I can’t even afford a bicycle, not to mentionnot to mention a car! a car!



make roommake room

let alonelet alone

7.7. If a friend is If a friend is having difficultieshaving difficulties, don’t just ask if there’s anything , don’t just ask if there’s anything

you can do. Think up something appropriate and do it.you can do. Think up something appropriate and do it.



in troublein trouble

V.V. Rewrite each sentence so that it includes both the words given Rewrite each sentence so that it includes both the words given in parentheses. Be sure to make any other necessary changes in parentheses. Be sure to make any other necessary changes as well.as well.

1.1. The author says the problem arises from our attitudes The author says the problem arises from our attitudes

toward thinking, not from government regulations that toward thinking, not from government regulations that

make no sense. make no sense. (lie, ridiculous)(lie, ridiculous)

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. V, p. 164Ex. V, p. 164《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. V, p. 164Ex. V, p. 164


The author says the problem The author says the problem lies inlies in our attitudes our attitudes toward thinking, not in toward thinking, not in ridiculousridiculous government government regulations.regulations.

2.2. The manager seemed in every way to be a very dedicated The manager seemed in every way to be a very dedicated

employee, so no one felt distrust when money started employee, so no one felt distrust when money started

disappearing from the company account. disappearing from the company account. (appearance, (appearance,

suspicious)suspicious)



The manager gave every The manager gave every appearanceappearance of being a very of being a very dedicated employee, so no one felt dedicated employee, so no one felt suspicioussuspicious when when money started disappearing from the company money started disappearing from the company account.account.

3.3. Giant pandas are a very interesting type of animal; in a Giant pandas are a very interesting type of animal; in a

way, they look like bears but are in fact related to way, they look like bears but are in fact related to

squirrels. squirrels. (species, vaguely)(species, vaguely)



Giant pandas are a very interesting Giant pandas are a very interesting speciesspecies; they look ; they look vaguelyvaguely like bears but are in fact related to squirrels. like bears but are in fact related to squirrels.

4.4. Einstein always said that he came up with his theory of Einstein always said that he came up with his theory of

space, time and motion in a dream. space, time and motion in a dream. (conceive, relativity)(conceive, relativity)



Einstein always said that he Einstein always said that he conceivedconceived his theory of his theory of relativityrelativity in a dream. in a dream.

5.5. It’s only after I graduated that I began to realize the value It’s only after I graduated that I began to realize the value

of all the things I’d been forced to study at school. of all the things I’d been forced to study at school.

(convinced, stuff)(convinced, stuff)



It’s only after I graduated that I became It’s only after I graduated that I became convinced ofconvinced of the value of all the the value of all the stuffstuff I’d been forced to study at I’d been forced to study at school.school.

Exercises Exercises • • Word BuildingWord Building

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VI, p. 165Ex. VI, p. 165《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VI, p. 165Ex. VI, p. 165


SuffixSuffix

-ity-ity

to mean:to mean:either the state or either the state or quality of being quality of being (adj.)(adj.)

to be added to:to be added to:adjectivesadjectives

to mean:to mean:sth. which is (adsth. which is (adj.)j.)

VI. VI.

A.A. Give the noun forms of the adjectives below.Give the noun forms of the adjectives below.


similarsimilar diversediverse

popularpopular locallocal

maturemature probableprobable

specialspecial curiouscurious

publicpublic necessary necessary

similaritysimilarity diversitydiversity

popularitypopularity localitylocality

maturitymaturity probabilityprobability

specialtyspecialty curiositycuriosity

publicitypublicity necessitynecessity

VI. VI.

B.B. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with some Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with some of the nouns you have formed.of the nouns you have formed.


1.1. Please forgive my _____, but where did you get that funny Please forgive my _____, but where did you get that funny hat?hat?

curiositycuriosity

localitylocality

2.2. People living in this ______ complain of traffic noises People living in this ______ complain of traffic noises disturbing them at night.disturbing them at night.

VI. VI.



3.3. Animals that die before they reach _______ do not produce Animals that die before they reach _______ do not produce offspring.offspring.

maturitymaturity

specialtyspecialty

4.4. She’s an excellent translator, but her ______ is ancient She’s an excellent translator, but her ______ is ancient Greek poetry.Greek poetry.

VI. VI.



5.5. The heavy traffic in large cities greatly increases the _____ The heavy traffic in large cities greatly increases the _____ of having an accident.of having an accident.

probabilityprobability

similaritysimilarity

6.6. There’s a great _______ between the young author’s There’s a great _______ between the young author’s writing style and Hemingway’s.writing style and Hemingway’s.

VI. VI.



7.7. The immense _______ of her novels in America has made The immense _______ of her novels in America has made her very rich.her very rich.

popularitypopularity

publicitypublicity

8.8. I don’t know why film stars’ marriages always get so much I don’t know why film stars’ marriages always get so much _____; there are surely more important things for the mass _____; there are surely more important things for the mass media to discuss.media to discuss.

VI. VI.



9. 9. Having a computer is quickly becoming a _____ of life, not Having a computer is quickly becoming a _____ of life, not a luxury.a luxury.

necessitynecessity

diversitydiversity

10.10. To provide the students with a broader education, the To provide the students with a broader education, the university has decided to introduce more _____ into the university has decided to introduce more _____ into the basic curriculum.basic curriculum.


《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VII, p. 165Ex. VII, p. 165《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VII, p. 165Ex. VII, p. 165


to be added to:to be added to:adjectivesadjectives

to mean:to mean:the opposite the opposite

of [verb]of [verb]

PrefixPrefix

un-un-

and to be and to be added to:added to:

verbsverbs

to mean:to mean:not (adj.)not (adj.)

Add Add un-un- to the following verbs and adjectives to form new to the following verbs and adjectives to form new words.words.


certaincertain comfortablecomfortable

friendlyfriendly pleasantpleasant

consciousconscious dodo

dressdress foldfold

uncertainuncertain uncomfortableuncomfortable

unfriendlyunfriendly unpleasantunpleasant

unconsciousunconscious undoundo

undressundress unfoldunfold

Now use some of the words you’ve just formed to complete the Now use some of the words you’ve just formed to complete the sentences below.sentences below.


1.1. It will take years to _____ the damage caused by the flood.It will take years to _____ the damage caused by the flood.

undoundo

unconsciousunconscious

2.2. A falling rock hit him on the head and knocked him _____.A falling rock hit him on the head and knocked him _____.


3.3. The doctor will see you in a minute; meanwhile, please ____ The doctor will see you in a minute; meanwhile, please ____ and lie down over here.and lie down over here.

undressundress

uncertainuncertain

4.4. The committee discussed the problem for hours, but they’re The committee discussed the problem for hours, but they’re still _____ about what to do.still _____ about what to do.



5.5. It took the old man several minutes to _______ the map and It took the old man several minutes to _______ the map and spread it on the table.spread it on the table.

unfoldunfold



to mean:to mean:which is or can be which is or can be

(verb)ed.(verb)ed.

to be added to:to be added to:verbsverbs

SuffixSuffix

-able-able


adviseadvise applyapply

appreciateappreciate favorfavor

honorhonor note note

practicepractice preferprefer

advisableadvisable applicableapplicable

appreciableappreciable favorablefavorable

honorablehonorable notablenotable

practicablepracticable preferablepreferable

Add Add -able-able to the following verbs to form adjectives. to the following verbs to form adjectives.


1.1. The discount is ______ only to children under 12, and only The discount is ______ only to children under 12, and only when they’re accompanied by adults.when they’re accompanied by adults.

applicableapplicable

preferablepreferable

2.2. Traditionally, a dark suit is _____ to a light one for evening Traditionally, a dark suit is _____ to a light one for evening wear.wear.



3.3. We’ve heard nothing but _____ accounts of your work and We’ve heard nothing but _____ accounts of your work and look forward to seeing it for ourselves.look forward to seeing it for ourselves.

favorablefavorable

appreciable (also possible, notable)appreciable (also possible, notable)

4.4. Unfortunately, the new equipment brought about no _____ Unfortunately, the new equipment brought about no _____ increase in production.increase in production.



5.5. It isn’t ______ to go swimming alone here; we recommend It isn’t ______ to go swimming alone here; we recommend that you always go in pars.that you always go in pars.

advisableadvisable


TThe conversation you’re about to hear is slightly different he conversation you’re about to hear is slightly different from the text printed below. As you listen the first time, from the text printed below. As you listen the first time, underline the places where what you hear differs from underline the places where what you hear differs from what’s printed in your book. what’s printed in your book.

Exercises Exercises • • ListeningListening

《听说教程 II 》 : Part 3.3, p. 100Part 3.3, p. 100《听说教程 II 》 : Part 3.3, p. 100Part 3.3, p. 100

Answer QuestionsAnswer QuestionsAnswer QuestionsAnswer Questions

Answer QuestionsAnswer Questions

1.1. What language does Xiao Li think in?What language does Xiao Li think in?

Shee doesn’t think in language at all (and she doesn’t say what language she “talks to herself” in).

2.2. What examples does Xiao Li give of thinking that’s “just What examples does Xiao Li give of thinking that’s “just talking to (her)self”?talking to (her)self”?

Making a shopping list and memorizing something.


3.3. How does real thinking start, in Xiao Li’s opinion?How does real thinking start, in Xiao Li’s opinion?

In concepts without words.

4.4. What do too many people think, in her opinion?What do too many people think, in her opinion?

Many people think that thinking has to be in words.



5.5. What does she mean when she says “we’re all geniuses What does she mean when she says “we’re all geniuses sometimes”?sometimes”?

Shee means that we all have flashes of genius, although few of us believe in them.





XL:XL: Well, sooner or later you can put your concepts into words, but Well, sooner or later you can put your concepts into words, but that isn’t how real thinking starts. And I wish more people knew that isn’t how real thinking starts. And I wish more people knew that. Too many people think that thinking has to be that. Too many people think that thinking has to be in wordsin words, so , so they don’t pay any attention to all the great ideas they’re having they don’t pay any attention to all the great ideas they’re having all the time all the time without wordswithout words..

K:K: You mean … We’re all having brilliant ideas without noticing You mean … We’re all having brilliant ideas without noticing them?!them?!

XL:XL: Yeah! We’re all geniuses sometimes, but for some reason our Yeah! We’re all geniuses sometimes, but for some reason our definition of genius is that it’s somebody else, not me. But I think definition of genius is that it’s somebody else, not me. But I think we all have flashes of genius we all have flashes of genius —— we just don’t we just don’t believe inbelieve in them. them.

K:K: Wait a minute. You can’t mean we’re literally all geniuses, like Wait a minute. You can’t mean we’re literally all geniuses, like Einstein or Hawking!Einstein or Hawking!

XL:XL: Why not? Do you really think Einstein was nonstop brilliant? And Why not? Do you really think Einstein was nonstop brilliant? And I bet Stephen Hawking thinks plenty of silly, dumb things every I bet Stephen Hawking thinks plenty of silly, dumb things every day.day.

K:K: Just like me?Just like me?XL:XL: Just like you.Just like you.

K:K: Hi, XL. Are you busy?Hi, XL. Are you busy?XL:XL: Just thinking …Just thinking …K:K: So do you mind if I ask you a few questions? I have a paper to So do you mind if I ask you a few questions? I have a paper to

write about bilingualism, and since you speak Chinese and write about bilingualism, and since you speak Chinese and English, I was hoping you could help me.English, I was hoping you could help me.

XL:XL: Sure, I’ll try.Sure, I’ll try.K:K: Great, thanks. So my first question is: What language do you Great, thanks. So my first question is: What language do you

think in?think in?XL:XL: Actually, I don’t think I think in Actually, I don’t think I think in languagelanguage at all. I mean, at all. I mean,

sometimes I recall things in words, or imagine words ― for sometimes I recall things in words, or imagine words ― for instance when I’m making a shopping list or memorizing instance when I’m making a shopping list or memorizing something. But that’s not really thinking, that’s just something. But that’s not really thinking, that’s just talking to talking to myselfmyself. Real thinking isn’t formulated in words at all. It’s just … . Real thinking isn’t formulated in words at all. It’s just … concepts, I think.concepts, I think.

K: What do you mean? How can you think without any words? What K: What do you mean? How can you think without any words? What good is an idea that isn’t in language?!good is an idea that isn’t in language?!

AssignmentAssignment

1.1. Ex. X, p.Ex. X, p.1671672.2. Ex. XI, p.Ex. XI, p.1671673.3. Preview Text B Preview Text B

Documents

Unit 7 : Part A Unit 7 : Part A Thinking : A Neglected Art A Neglected Art 21st Century College English: Book 2