Unit 7: Lesson 1

The Protestant Reformation

A.D. 1517 - 1603

8th Grade Religion

Lesson 1

Objective: To discover the beginnings of the Protestant Reformation.

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Christianity DVD

The Protestants

Martin Luther

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Martin Luther

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Luther’s Protest Protestant Reformation is said to have

begun on October 31, 1517

This is the day that Martin Luther posted his famous Ninety-five Theses on the church door in Wittenberg, Germany

These were statements protesting abuses in the Church, especially the abuse of indulgences.

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Luther’s Protest Originally indulgences were similar to

penances that were given during the sacrament of Reconciliation.

They consisted of saying prayers or doing good deeds.

By Luther’s time indulgences were being sold for money and this led to abuse.

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Luther’s Protest Luther was particularly against Pope Leo X

selling of indulgences to raise money for St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome.

Germany priests were telling people they could automatically free their relatives from purgatory by buying indulgences.

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Indulgence

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Martin Luther Martin Luther was an Augustinian friar.

When he posted his Ninety-five Theses his intent was to reform the Catholic Church.

As his Theses were met with resistance from the Church leaders he became more and more argumentative and radical.

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Martin Luther He began to question all good works, the authority of

the Pope, Sacraments, the priesthood and the monastic life.

In 1520 when Luther refused to give up his views, he was excommunicated by Pope Leo X.

He started out to correct a wrong in the Church and ended up denying some important teachings of the Church.

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Unit 7: Lesson 2

Objective: To explore the expansion of the Protestant Reformation

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From Luther to Lutheranism After his excommunication Luther lived with Fredrick

the Wise in Wittenburg.

For the next 25 years Luther rarely left Wittenburg but published many books and pamphlets about his beliefs.

Luther also translated the Bible into German.

Many people became followers of Luther called Lutherans.

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From Luther to Lutheranism Fighting broke out between Catholics and Lutherans.

In areas where Lutherans took control many things changed:

The Latin mass was changed to a common service

Only the sacraments of Baptism and the Eucharist were celebrated

The authority of the Pope was rejected

Priest were replaced by married ministers

Fighting continued in Germany creating a religious split in the country which continues today.

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Zwingli and the Anabaptists All reformers did not agree with Luther.

Huldrych Zwingli began his own reformation in Zurich, Switzerland.

Zwingli was even more radical than Luther. He Rejected the Saints

Did not believe that Jesus was present during the Eucharist.

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Zwingli and the Anabaptists The Anabaptists did not believe in Baptizing

infants.

There were small in number and eventually emigrated to America where they still live today in parts of the country.

The Amish are descendents of the Anabaptists.

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Unit 7: Lesson 3

Objective: To explore Calvin’s influence on the Protestant Reformation and to explore the causes and effects of the English Reformation.

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John Calvin John Calvin (1509 - 1564) lived in Geneva,

Switzerland.

Calvin did not have Luther’s lively personality but was very intelligent.

Followers of Calvin became Calvinist.

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John Calvin Calvin believed:

Drinking and gambling were sins

Double predestination.

Double predestination - God chooses some people for heaven and some people for hell.

Calvin believed that this was God’s decision and nothing could change it.

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The Tudors

The Tudors were a royal family who ruled England from 1485 until 1603.

The first Tudor king was called Henry VII.

Henry VII

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Henry VIII Henry VIII was king of

England from 1509 until 1547.

He was born in 1491, and was only 17 years and 10 months old when he became king.

Henry VIII

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Henry and his wives In England, the crown is passed from the parent to the child when the parent dies. Henry was desperate to have a son to pass the crown on to.

In order to have children, Henry had to find himself a wife. But he married not once, not twice, but SIX times!!

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Catherine of Aragon Henry married

Catherine of Aragon in 1509.

Catherine was a Spanish princess who was married to Henry’s brother.

They had one daughter, Mary, who later became Queen of England.

Henry divorced Catherine.

Mary

Catherine of Aragon

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Anne Boleyn Next, Henry fell for Anne Boleyn.

Henry and Anne were married in 1533 in secret – because Henry hadn’t divorced his first wife yet!

They had a daughter, Elizabeth, who also later became a Queen of England.

Anne Boleyn

Elizabeth

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Jane Seymour

Henry married Jane Seymour in 1536.

Jane finally gave Henry the son he so wanted – Edward.

Unfortunately, Edward died when he was just 16.

Jane died after giving birth to Edward.

Jane Seymour

Edward

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Anne of Cleves After Jane died,

Henry sent a painter, Holbein, to Germany in 1540 to paint a picture of Anne of Cleves.

He thought she looked very pretty, but when he saw her he hated her!

They had no children. Henry divorced Anne.

Anne of Cleves

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Catherine Howard Catherine married Henry in 1540.

They had no children

Henry wasn’t very happy about this, and she was beheaded in 1542.

Catherine Howard

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Catherine Parr

Henry married his final wife in 1543.

They had no children, but stayed married.

Catherine Parr outlived Henry – he died in 1547, while she lived until 1548.

Catherine Parr

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A Closer Look

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