Unit 5 Friends for Life. Contents Pre-reading questions Pre-reading questions Pre-reading questions Background information Background information

Unit 5Unit 5Friends for LifeFriends for Life

ContentsContents

Pre-reading questionsPre-reading questions Background informationBackground information Structure analysis Structure analysis Comprehension questions Comprehension questions Language points of Text ILanguage points of Text I Grammatical itemsGrammatical items ExercisesExercises Comprehension questions of Text IIComprehension questions of Text II Oral activitiesOral activities Writing practiceWriting practice

Pre-reading questionsPre-reading questions

1. How do you define “friends”?1. How do you define “friends”? 2. What do you expect of friendship?2. What do you expect of friendship? 3. What are you ready to do for your friends?3. What are you ready to do for your friends? 4. What is needed to make friendship grow, 4. What is needed to make friendship grow,

blossom and last?blossom and last?

Background information (1)Background information (1)Proverbs on FriendshipProverbs on Friendship A man dies often as he loses a friend. But we gain new lA man dies often as he loses a friend. But we gain new l

ife by new contacts, new friends. -----Baconife by new contacts, new friends. -----Bacon一个人每逢失去一个朋友就等于经历一次死亡。但一个人每逢失去一个朋友就等于经历一次死亡。但是取得新联系，结识新朋友却又使我们获得了新的是取得新联系，结识新朋友却又使我们获得了新的生命。生命。 -------- 培根培根

A friend is a present which you give yourself.A friend is a present which you give yourself.朋友是你送给自己的一份礼物。朋友是你送给自己的一份礼物。———— R.L.Stevenson R.L.Stevenson

Friendship often ends in love, but love, in friendship—nFriendship often ends in love, but love, in friendship—neverever友谊常以爱情而结束；而爱情从不能以友谊而告终。友谊常以爱情而结束；而爱情从不能以友谊而告终。———— C.C.ColtonC.C.Colton

Background information (2)Background information (2)

Treasure is not always a friend , but a friend is always a Treasure is not always a friend , but a friend is always a treasure. ----Bacontreasure. ----Bacon财富不是永远的朋友，朋友才是永远的财富。财富不是永远的朋友，朋友才是永远的财富。 ------------培根培根

Friendship is like money, easier made than kept.Friendship is like money, easier made than kept.友谊如金钱一般，容易得到却不易保持。友谊如金钱一般，容易得到却不易保持。———— Samuel Butler Samuel Butler

A friend that you buy with presents will be bought from A friend that you buy with presents will be bought from you.you.用礼物“买来”的朋友终会被买走。用礼物“买来”的朋友终会被买走。———— Thomas Fuller Thomas Fuller

Background information (3)Background information (3) Without confidence there is no friendship.Without confidence there is no friendship.

没有信任，就没有友谊。——没有信任，就没有友谊。—— Epicurus Epicurus Suspicion is the poison of friendship.Suspicion is the poison of friendship.

猜疑对友谊而言是一种毒药。猜疑对友谊而言是一种毒药。———— St.Augustine St.Augustine

If you would be loved, love and be lovable.If you would be loved, love and be lovable.想被人爱，就要去爱别人，并让自己可爱。想被人爱，就要去爱别人，并让自己可爱。———— Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin – In prosperity our friends know us; in adversity we know our frIn prosperity our friends know us; in adversity we know our fr

iends. iends. 在顺境中，朋友结识了我们；在逆境中，我们了解了朋友。在顺境中，朋友结识了我们；在逆境中，我们了解了朋友。———— C.Collins C.Collins

Background information (4)Background information (4) Doctor Joyce BrothersDoctor Joyce Brothers

Doctor Joyce BrothersDoctor Joyce Brothers (born October 20, 1928) is (born October 20, 1928) is one of the leading family one of the leading family psychologists and advice psychologists and advice columnists, publishing a columnists, publishing a daily newspaper column daily newspaper column since 1960. She gained since 1960. She gained fame in 1955 by winning fame in 1955 by winning The $64,000 QuestionThe $64,000 Question game show, on which she game show, on which she appeared as an expert in the appeared as an expert in the subject area of boxing. subject area of boxing.


Dr. Brothers had a monthly column in Dr. Brothers had a monthly column in Good Good HousekeepingHousekeeping magazine for almost four decades, was magazine for almost four decades, was the host of her own television program, has published the host of her own television program, has published several best-selling books, and continues to appear on several best-selling books, and continues to appear on television, radio, and in film both as an expert in television, radio, and in film both as an expert in psychology and in comedic cameo appearances, psychology and in comedic cameo appearances, including The Nanny and All That. She also appeared including The Nanny and All That. She also appeared as an occasional celebrity guest on Match Game.as an occasional celebrity guest on Match Game.

She earned her PhD in psychology from Columbia She earned her PhD in psychology from Columbia University after completing her undergraduate work at University after completing her undergraduate work at Cornell University.Cornell University.


Proverbs ----by Proverbs ----by Joyce BrothersJoyce Brothers When success comes in the door, it seems, love When success comes in the door, it seems, love

often goes out the window.often goes out the window. The best proof of love is trust. The best proof of love is trust. Books:Books: What Every Woman Should Know About Men HOW TO GET WHAT YOU WANT OUT OF

LIFE

Structure analysis (1)Structure analysis (1)

As a piece of expository writing the text uses a As a piece of expository writing the text uses a number of relevant examples to clarify the author’s number of relevant examples to clarify the author’s point. The text naturally falls into six parts, each of point. The text naturally falls into six parts, each of which is devoted to one particular topic. which is devoted to one particular topic.

The first Part (the first two paragraphs): supplies a The first Part (the first two paragraphs): supplies a psychological definition, as well as the author’s psychological definition, as well as the author’s understanding, of friendship.understanding, of friendship.

The Second Part (Paragraphs 3 to 4): gets down to a The Second Part (Paragraphs 3 to 4): gets down to a discussion of friendship within familial ties. discussion of friendship within familial ties.

Structure analysis (2)Structure analysis (2)

The Third Part (paragraph 5 to 8): moves on to The Third Part (paragraph 5 to 8): moves on to the significances of friendship outside kinship the significances of friendship outside kinship ties and offers suggestions on friend making.ties and offers suggestions on friend making.

The Fourth Part (paragraph 9 to 11): discusses The Fourth Part (paragraph 9 to 11): discusses the friendship between opposite sexes.the friendship between opposite sexes.

The Fifth Part (Paragraph 12 and paragraph The Fifth Part (Paragraph 12 and paragraph 13): tells us how to fix a broken friendship.13): tells us how to fix a broken friendship.

The last part (Paragraph 14 to 15): is about the The last part (Paragraph 14 to 15): is about the author’s friendship with her grandchildren.author’s friendship with her grandchildren.

Comprehension questions (1)Comprehension questions (1)

1. How does the author prove that “friendship 1. How does the author prove that “friendship can occur any place”?can occur any place”?

She proves this statement with her personal She proves this statement with her personal experiences – her husband was her best friend, experiences – her husband was her best friend, she felt more connected with her sister after their she felt more connected with her sister after their relationship was renewed, she was very close to relationship was renewed, she was very close to her daughter and she was satisfied with the her daughter and she was satisfied with the friendship with her grandchildren.friendship with her grandchildren.


2. Why does the author suggest that making 2. Why does the author suggest that making friends is something more than instinctual friends is something more than instinctual behavior?behavior?

Because making friends involves a process of Because making friends involves a process of sharing that needs more attention. It also calls sharing that needs more attention. It also calls for skill to balance between being open and for skill to balance between being open and protective of each other’s feelings.protective of each other’s feelings.


3. How did friendship with the opposite sex help 3. How did friendship with the opposite sex help in Michael’s relationship with his girlfriend?in Michael’s relationship with his girlfriend?

Friendship with his female workmate made him Friendship with his female workmate made him aware of his patronizing attitude to women, and aware of his patronizing attitude to women, and gave him a better understanding of today’s gave him a better understanding of today’s women, and eventually enabled him to improve women, and eventually enabled him to improve his relationship with his girlfriend.his relationship with his girlfriend.


4. What fact makes the writer believe that now 4. What fact makes the writer believe that now friendship is more important than before?friendship is more important than before?

Her own experience with her family tells her that Her own experience with her family tells her that the longer we live, “the more important it is to the longer we live, “the more important it is to feel connected. And that is what we do through feel connected. And that is what we do through friends.” (Paragraph 13)friends.” (Paragraph 13)


5. How does the author think of her relationship 5. How does the author think of her relationship with her sister?with her sister?

The writer believes that the sibling rivalry The writer believes that the sibling rivalry between her and her sister is quite common and between her and her sister is quite common and they can still find each other again.they can still find each other again.

Language points of Text I (1)Language points of Text I (1)

1. identify: to find out exactly what something is.1. identify: to find out exactly what something is. E.g. After years of research scientists have E.g. After years of research scientists have

identified the virus that is responsible for the identified the virus that is responsible for the disease.disease.

She identified him as her attacker.She identified him as her attacker.


2. responsible: having the duty of doing 2. responsible: having the duty of doing somethingsomething

e.g. The Government is responsible for the e.g. The Government is responsible for the general management of the economy.general management of the economy.

All accidents must be reported to the officer who All accidents must be reported to the officer who is responsible.is responsible.


3. transient: lasting for only a short period of 3. transient: lasting for only a short period of timetime

e.g. His many love affairs had only brought him e.g. His many love affairs had only brought him transient pleasures.transient pleasures.

Only historians fully understand the transient Only historians fully understand the transient nature of civilizationnature of civilization


4. emotional: having strong feelings4. emotional: having strong feelings unemotional: not showing one’s feelings.unemotional: not showing one’s feelings. e.g. Newspaper reporters were there to record e.g. Newspaper reporters were there to record

the emotional union between the woman and the emotional union between the woman and her children.her children.

Pat’s father was a distant, unemotional man Pat’s father was a distant, unemotional man who didn’t really talk to this children.who didn’t really talk to this children.


5. financial: connected with money5. financial: connected with money e.g. Accountants look after the financial e.g. Accountants look after the financial

administration of an enterprise.administration of an enterprise. The opening years of the 19th century saw The opening years of the 19th century saw

financial crisis at home and abroad.financial crisis at home and abroad.


6. essential: completely necessary for the 6. essential: completely necessary for the existence of somethingexistence of something

e.g. It’s essential that the oil level is checked e.g. It’s essential that the oil level is checked every 10000 km., otherwise the engine may every 10000 km., otherwise the engine may seize up.seize up.


7. rank as/among: to regard as having a certain 7. rank as/among: to regard as having a certain relative positionrelative position

e.g. This result ranks as one of their most e.g. This result ranks as one of their most successful election performances of the last ten successful election performances of the last ten years.years.


8. neglect: to give too little attention or care8. neglect: to give too little attention or care e.g. Staff at the hostel were accused of e.g. Staff at the hostel were accused of

neglecting and abusing children in their care.neglecting and abusing children in their care.


9. play a role in: the duty or function of a 9. play a role in: the duty or function of a person or group in a particular activity.person or group in a particular activity.

e.g. The chairperson plays a critical role in e.g. The chairperson plays a critical role in guiding the group discussion.guiding the group discussion.

China has player a treat role in maintaining China has player a treat role in maintaining global peace and promoting the economic global peace and promoting the economic prosperity of the world.prosperity of the world.


10. individual: a single person considered 10. individual: a single person considered separately from the class or group.separately from the class or group.

e.g. The decision to have an abortion should be e.g. The decision to have an abortion should be up to the individual involved.up to the individual involved.

It’s the responsibility of each individual within It’s the responsibility of each individual within the class to make sure they have the correct the class to make sure they have the correct books.books.


11. caring: loving and sympathetic.11. caring: loving and sympathetic. e.g. It’s possible for men to be tough and, at e.g. It’s possible for men to be tough and, at

the same time, caring and sensitive.the same time, caring and sensitive.


12. tend to: to be likely to:12. tend to: to be likely to: e.g. My father tends to interfere too much in e.g. My father tends to interfere too much in

other people’s business.other people’s business. The bank tends to employ only white middle-The bank tends to employ only white middle-

class men.class men. tendency n.tendency n. e.g. Divorced people have a tendency to live e.g. Divorced people have a tendency to live

with new partners rather than marry again.with new partners rather than marry again.


13. instinctual: based on instinct rather than on 13. instinctual: based on instinct rather than on knowledge.knowledge.

e.g. White jazz seemed ole and intellectual, e.g. White jazz seemed ole and intellectual, whereas black jazz was vital, swinging and whereas black jazz was vital, swinging and instinctive.instinctive.

14. vigilance: alert watchfulness14. vigilance: alert watchfulness e.g. Looking after young children requires e.g. Looking after young children requires

constant vigilance –you never know what constant vigilance –you never know what they’ll get up to next.they’ll get up to next.


15. protective: tending to protect15. protective: tending to protect e.g. Some people say it’s nice to have a e.g. Some people say it’s nice to have a

protective boyfriend, but I feel as if I’m protective boyfriend, but I feel as if I’m suffocated.suffocated.

16. point out: to draw attention to16. point out: to draw attention to e.g. I’d just like to point out that whenever e.g. I’d just like to point out that whenever

there’s a problem I’m the one who has to deal there’s a problem I’m the one who has to deal with it.with it.


17. patronizing: behaving toward other people 17. patronizing: behaving toward other people as if superior or more important, i.e. like a as if superior or more important, i.e. like a patron.patron.

e.g. Don’t be so patronizing –I’m not a child e.g. Don’t be so patronizing –I’m not a child any more. I know just as much about it as you any more. I know just as much about it as you do.do.


18. straighten out: to settle by removing the 18. straighten out: to settle by removing the confusion or difficulties in it.confusion or difficulties in it.

e.g. Mr. Rogers promised he would straighten e.g. Mr. Rogers promised he would straighten everything out, so I signed the paper.everything out, so I signed the paper.

They seem to have the completely wrong idea They seem to have the completely wrong idea of what I want. Can you straighten it out?of what I want. Can you straighten it out?


19. rivalry: competition19. rivalry: competition e.g. The two women are good friends but there e.g. The two women are good friends but there

is also an element of rivalry in their is also an element of rivalry in their relationship.relationship.

These acting awards are contested in an These acting awards are contested in an atmosphere of fierce rivalry.atmosphere of fierce rivalry.


20. battle: a fight.20. battle: a fight. e.g. The president is fully committed to the battle e.g. The president is fully committed to the battle

against drug trafficking.against drug trafficking. At last the World Health Organization is winning the At last the World Health Organization is winning the

battle against malaria in the region.battle against malaria in the region. 21. adventure: an exciting and unusual experience21. adventure: an exciting and unusual experience e.g. the story of her single-handed voyage across the e.g. the story of her single-handed voyage across the

Atlantic is one of heroism and adventure.Atlantic is one of heroism and adventure.

Grammatical items (1)Grammatical items (1)

Complete the sentences, using the proper forms Complete the sentences, using the proper forms of the adjectives given in the brackets.of the adjectives given in the brackets.

1. All this fuss about those musicians is perfectly 1. All this fuss about those musicians is perfectly ______. It’s the ____________ thing I’ve ever ______. It’s the ____________ thing I’ve ever heard. (foolish)heard. (foolish)

foolishfoolish most foolishmost foolish


2. The countryside here is __________, but I 2. The countryside here is __________, but I think the region where I grew up is think the region where I grew up is ___________. Sometimes I think it’s the ___________. Sometimes I think it’s the __________ place in the world. (lovely)__________ place in the world. (lovely)

lovelylovelylovelierlovelier

loveliestloveliest


3. He is the ______________ boy I have ever 3. He is the ______________ boy I have ever met. You don’t often meet anyone that young met. You don’t often meet anyone that young who is so __________. He’s much who is so __________. He’s much ___________ than other children I’ve known. ___________ than other children I’ve known. (considerate)(considerate)

most consideratemost considerate

considerateconsiderate more consideratemore considerate


4. The stock market was very 4. The stock market was very ____________today, ___________ than it was ____________today, ___________ than it was yesterday. In fact, it was the ___________day of yesterday. In fact, it was the ___________day of the year. (busy)the year. (busy)

busybusybusierbusier

busiestbusiest


5. Is Hicksville __________ from Brooklyn? 5. Is Hicksville __________ from Brooklyn? No, it’s not. Jonesville is a little ____________, No, it’s not. Jonesville is a little ____________, and Montauk is the ____________ of all. (far)and Montauk is the ____________ of all. (far)

farfarfartherfarther

farthestfarthest


6. Her portrait showed a ___________ woman, 6. Her portrait showed a ___________ woman, but she herself was much ____________ than but she herself was much ____________ than the portrait. (pretty)the portrait. (pretty)

prettypretty

prettierprettier

Exercises (1)Exercises (1)

Key to Translation exercisesKey to Translation exercises

1.1. Shanghai ranks as one of the most prosperous Shanghai ranks as one of the most prosperous cities in the world.cities in the world.

2.2. If you are walking in the mountains, strong If you are walking in the mountains, strong boots and waterproof clothing are essential.boots and waterproof clothing are essential.

3.3. Some teachers devote too much time to Some teachers devote too much time to helping their students’ study but neglect their helping their students’ study but neglect their sports activities.sports activities.


4.4. Some personal characters play a vital role in Some personal characters play a vital role in the development of one’s intelligence.the development of one’s intelligence.

5.5. The President’s refusal to meet the press The President’s refusal to meet the press reveals just how serious the crisis is.reveals just how serious the crisis is.

6.6. It’s perfectly natural that parents feel It’s perfectly natural that parents feel protective towards their children, even when protective towards their children, even when they have grown up.they have grown up.


7.7. He wanted desperately to confide in someone He wanted desperately to confide in someone about his feelings of failure.about his feelings of failure.

8.8. As some experts point out, suicide rates are As some experts point out, suicide rates are much higher in some occupations than in much higher in some occupations than in others.others.

Comprehension questions of Text IIComprehension questions of Text II

1. What does the writer want to tell us with the examp1. What does the writer want to tell us with the example of Tippy?le of Tippy?

Key: You can make more friends by becoming genuinKey: You can make more friends by becoming genuinely interested in other people than getting people interely interested in other people than getting people interested in you.ested in you.

2. Do you agree with the writer that people are interes2. Do you agree with the writer that people are interested in themselves? Why (not)?ted in themselves? Why (not)?

Key: open to discussion.Key: open to discussion. 3. What have you learned from this passage?3. What have you learned from this passage? Key: Open to discussion.Key: Open to discussion.

Oral activitiesOral activities

Topic: How to make and keep friends?Topic: How to make and keep friends?

Writing practiceWriting practice

Write a 250-word composition on the topic “My Write a 250-word composition on the topic “My Best Friend”. In the first part of your Best Friend”. In the first part of your composition, describe how you first met and composition, describe how you first met and how long you have known each other. In the how long you have known each other. In the second part, say something about how you spend second part, say something about how you spend time together. In the last part, explain in brief time together. In the last part, explain in brief why you think he/she is your best friend.why you think he/she is your best friend.

Good bye!Good bye!

Documents

Unit 5 Friends for Life. Contents Pre-reading questions Pre-reading questions Pre-reading questions Background information Background information