Unit 4: A Nation Divided

Lesson 5: Civil War Leaders and Battles part 2

EOCT Review Questions

Warm Up!1. Why do you think the

Union’s population was so much larger than the population in the Confederacy?

2. What Union advantages are portrayed in these graphs?

3. Why would the loss of lives in the Battles be so devastating to the Confederacy?

Warm Up! 1. What Union advantages are portrayed in these graphs?

2. After looking at these graphs, why do you think a Union blockade on the Southern ports was a good strategy?

3. Why would the loss of the control of the Mississippi River hurt the Confederacy?

Lincoln suspends habeas corpus (1862)

habeas corpus is a person’s right not to be imprisoned unless charged with a crime and given a trial

After a string of draft riots in many northern cities, Lincoln decided to suspend habeas corpus. If someone opposed the war, they could be detained without a trial

Lincoln suspended these common rights in an effort to stop anyone from resisting the Union’s cause

Antietam: September 1862• Lee marched into Maryland hoping that a Southern

victory would convince the North to settle for peace, gain support from the British, and find food for his men

• The two armies fought at Antietam, which became the bloodiest one-day battle in American history (6,000 dead, 16,000 wounded)

• Lee is forced to retreat back into Virginia • The Union victory led Lincoln to issue the Emancipation ProclamationWhat might have

happened ifLee defeated the

Union Armyat Antietam?

Emancipation Proclamation • Lincoln, amid growing war casualties, used

the Union victory at Antietam to issue the Emancipation Proclamation in September 1862 and to punish the rebelling states.

• The Proclamation: -freed only those slaves in the states in

rebellion -did not free the slaves in the border states -gave the Union Army another

reason to fight: the liberation of slaves

Which slave states were unaffected by the Proclamation?Why did Lincoln plan this?

Gettysburg (PA): July 1st - 3rd 1863Lee again decided to invade the North in

hope that the North would settle for peace

Lee wanted supplies and food from the urban Union towns.

Largest Battle of Civil War (160,000 men involved)

The South loses 7,000 men in under 30 minutes of fighting

Southern defeat and turning point of the war

· Over 40,000 soldiers were killed or wounded at Gettysburg.

Casualties of the Battle of Gettysburg awaiting burial

Confederate soldiers on the Gettysburg Battlefield in an unfinished trench grave.

The view of Seminary Ridge seen from Cemetery Ridge. It was across these fields that Union soldiers repulsed the Confederates participating in the Pickett / Pettigrew Charge.

Gettysburg (PA): July 1st-3rd 1863• Lee retreated on July 4th, having lost 1/3

of his entire fighting force

• The loss forces the South to fight a defensive war and strengthened the will of the North to continue the fight

Why do you thinkGettysburg is consideredthe turning point of the war?

Gettysburg AddressIn November 1863,

Lincoln gave his now famous speech at Gettysburg to dedicate the Gettysburg National Cemetery

Lincoln used the speech to redefine the purpose of fighting the war: the reunification of the Union

http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/gettysburgaddress.htm

Vicksburg (MS) July 4th 1863• By 1863, Vicksburg was the last major

Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River

• Grant launched a siege of the city in May 1863 cutting off it’s food supply and placing it under constant bombardment

• The Confederate forces surrender July 4th 1863, which gave the Union complete control of the Mississippi River and cut the Confederacy in half

Which Confederate states were isolated from the rest of the South with the fall of Vicksburg?

Battle for Atlanta: August 1864• Sherman marched his army south towards

Atlanta, a major railroad center in the South• He ordered all civilians out of the city and

then began to burn and destroy everything of military value

• Atlanta was the beginning of Sherman’s “March to the Sea” and helped the Republican Party gain political strength

Surrender at Appomattox • Lee was taken over by Grant’s

forces; Sherman on his way to meet Grant…

• With that news, Davis and other Confederate leaders abandon Confederate Capital

• April 9, 1865 – Lee and Grant arrange surrender at the Appomattox Court House

Surrender Terms• Lincoln’s Decision

–No need to further separate the Union

–Lee’s soldiers were paroled and sent home…•Was there a lot of punishment involved?

Social Changes• Emancipation Proclamation

only freed who???• Lincoln wanted Constitutional

Amendment to abolish slavery – didn’t pass in 1864

• 1866 – Congress ratified the 13th Amendment

Costs of War• Human lives

– 360,000 Union Soldiers died– 260,000 Confederate Soldiers died– 500,000 Total Wounded– 10% of population in military

• Monetary Costs– $3.3 Billion

Casualties of American Wars1. World War II 407,316

2. World War I 116,708

3. Vietnamese Conflict 58,168

4. Korean Conflict 54,246

5. American Revolution 4,435

6. Spanish-American War 2,456

7. War of 1812 2,260

8. Mexican War 1,733

9. Indian Wars 1,000

10. Gulf War 293

TOTAL 648,615

How do the casualties of the Civil

War compare

to the casualties of other

American wars?

Civil War Casualties

Union 360,000 Confederate 260,000

TOTAL 620,000

There were nearly as many casualties in the Civil War as in all of America's other wars combined.