A Nation DividedA Nation Divided

African Americans Move NorthAfrican Americans Move North

• Reasons: 1. Economic opportunity Reasons: 1. Economic opportunity

2. Escape Discrimination 2. Escape Discrimination

• Reality: Many African American were the Reality: Many African American were the first to lose their jobs when economic first to lose their jobs when economic conditions were unfavorable.conditions were unfavorable.• Also, race riots broke out in may northern Also, race riots broke out in may northern

cities.cities.

The Return of the KlanThe Return of the Klan

Fueled by race riots Fueled by race riots and the Red Scare, the and the Red Scare, the KKK returned in the KKK returned in the early 1920s. early 1920s.

At one point the Klan At one point the Klan had an estimated 4-5 had an estimated 4-5 million members.million members.

The Klan eventually The Klan eventually died out as scandals died out as scandals and corruption were and corruption were exposed.exposed.

Antilynching CampaignAntilynching CampaignThe NAACP led the push The NAACP led the push for antilynching legislation for antilynching legislation to be passed and for law to be passed and for law enforcement to enforcement to investigate acts of investigate acts of violence against African violence against African AmericansAmericans

Despite public support, Despite public support, the antilynching the antilynching legislation passed the legislation passed the House but lost in the House but lost in the SenateSenate

African American UnionizationAfrican American UnionizationAfrican Americans were African Americans were barred from many unions barred from many unions in the early 1900s.in the early 1900s.

As a result A. Philip As a result A. Philip Randolph founded the Randolph founded the Brotherhood of Sleeping Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.Car Porters.

The union faced several The union faced several setbacks but eventually setbacks but eventually was recognized in the was recognized in the late 1930s.late 1930s.

Black NationalismBlack NationalismTired by the slow progress Tired by the slow progress of the NAACP, some African of the NAACP, some African Americans joined the Pan-Americans joined the Pan-Africanism movement.Africanism movement. This movement aimed to This movement aimed to

unite people of African unite people of African decent worldwide.decent worldwide.

The fuel for this The fuel for this movement was black movement was black nationalism, which aimed nationalism, which aimed at creating a new political at creating a new political state for African state for African Americans in Africa.Americans in Africa.

Black Nationalism cont.Black Nationalism cont.

Marcus Garvey led the Marcus Garvey led the calls to escape calls to escape discrimination and discrimination and create a state in Africa.create a state in Africa.

The movement The movement eventually lost support eventually lost support and African American and African American leaders focused on leaders focused on improving conditions in improving conditions in the United Statesthe United States

Limits on ImmigrationLimits on Immigration

Nativism fueled by the Red Scare and the Nativism fueled by the Red Scare and the resurgence of the KKK pushed for the passage resurgence of the KKK pushed for the passage of the Immigration Act of 1924, which placed of the Immigration Act of 1924, which placed limits on European immigration and even limits on European immigration and even banned Japanese from entering the country.banned Japanese from entering the country.

Mexican Americans & American IndiansMexican Americans & American Indians

The limits on immigration opened up The limits on immigration opened up opportunities for Mexicans to cross the opportunities for Mexicans to cross the border and find work.border and find work.

In addition, American Indians were In addition, American Indians were granted citizenship by Congress in 1924.granted citizenship by Congress in 1924.