Unit 2:

Lesson 1 Lead-in Taking Risks p.31

Lesson 2 Theme One Living on the Edge p.36

Lesson 3 Theme Two All Part of the Job p.43

Lesson 4 Brush Up p.48

Active Vocabulary

p.53

31

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

Ex. 1 ⟹ Read an extract from an article about a children’s playground in Japan. What are the main safety measures? What do you think of them?

Japan’s children play safe.

When Ryosuke and Taemi Suzuki take their 18-month-old

daughter to Fantasy Kids Resort in Japan, they are guaranteed total peace of mind. Fantasy Kids Resort is one of several similar playgrounds in Japan that provide for the growing number of parents who constantly worry about possible dangers threatening their children, such as disease and accidents.

First-time visitors to the playground must provide proof of identification before they enter, and shoes must be removed at the door because they carry germs. Even the wheels of baby carriages are sprayed with an antibacterial solution.

Inside, children are watched over by about 20 staff members, dressed in bright yellow uniforms, and more than a dozen security cameras are mounted on the ceiling. Pets are banned from the playground, its large sandpit contains sterilized sand that is cleaned daily to remove any potentially harmful objects. Most of the bigger toys are inflatable to reduce the risk of injury. This is to protect the resort as much as the children because parents of a child injured while at the playground might easily sue the resort.

"We've been here before and we'll definitely come again," says Mr. Suzuki. "This place has everything under one roof, but most importantly, it puts absolute priority on safety."

Mr. and Mrs. Suzuki are not alone in wanting to remove just about every element of risk from their children's lives. According to a recent government survey...

Ex. 2 ⟹ Now listen to an interview with Sue Palmer, director of a preschool in

England.

1. How is her attitude different from that of Mr. and Mrs. Suzuki?

2. Do you agree with

Sue’s philosophy about young children and risk?

Lead-In: Taking Risks

32

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

Answer the following questions using words in italics:

a. What makes people expose themselves to danger? b. Do you have your good-luck charm? What can be regarded as good-luck

charm? c. What hazardous occupations can you name? d. In what situations do people usually draw straws or toss a coin? e. What kind of film, book or incident can thrill the audience/ people? f. Why do people start neglecting their families? g. What do you think of daredevils? h. Do you believe in lucky charms? Do you have one? i. What does presently claim most of your time? j. What’s the most challenging thing in your life now?

Ex. 3 ⟹ Complete each sentence with one of the words or phrases given.

endangered death toll challenge take a chance daredevil

hazardous draw straws neglected thrill lucky charm

safety the consequences claims risk jeopardy

1. The weather looks bad, but I think we'll

…………………. and go for the summit,' said Chris.

2. He'd given too much to his career, worked long hours, …………………. her.

3. On the day that he crashed, Michael had forgotten to take his …………………. a rabbit's foot - with him.

4. EARTHQUAKE …………………. SIXTY LIVES. 5. HUNGERFORD MASSACRE: …………………. 16. 6. Cars can be parked here at the owners'

………………….. 7. Deep-sea fishing is an extremely

…………………. occupation. 8. The future of the race is in ………………….

if the safety record does not improve. 9. The men who rode the motor bikes on

the 'Wall of Death' called themselves the …………………. Riders'.

10. The negligence of the captain …………………. the lives of the passengers and crew.

11. Speaking from his hospital bed, Nigel said that those, like himself, who engage in dangerous sports just had to accept …………………. when things went wrong.

12. Gerald found the …………………. of driving at high speed completely irresistible.

13. The expedition will set out tomorrow, to face the …………………. of climbing the last unconquered peak in the Himalayas.

14. The survivors …………………. to decide who should go in search of help. for …………………. benefit if you own your house.

15. Many employers are becoming more ………………….-conscious.

33

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

Ex. 4 ⟹ Complete the text using the words and phrases given.

warning chances run foreseen safety-conscious

odds security hazardous precautions safety records

sheer folly mistaken belief charmed life peace of mind numbed

Statistics prove that the ............................ (1) of having a serious accident in your own home or car

are relatively high. However, people's perception of the risks they ............................ (2) while engaged in everyday activities is quite low, and this often leads to inexplicable acts of ............................ (3). 'Familiarity breeds contempt', as the saying goes. People have been known to search for a gas leak using a candle for illumination, for example, or to hold their babies on their laps in the front seat of cars, instead of securing them safely in the rear seat, in the ............................ (4) that they can protect them in the event of a collision. The familiarity of the surroundings lulls people into a false sense of ............................ (5), often to such an extent that they do not allow even obvious danger signals to disturb their ............................ (6).'I never thought it would happen to me,' is the refrain of those surprised by dangers that could have been ............................ (7) and avoided. However, when it comes to travel by air or train, people are often extremely anxious about the potential dangers, despite the fact that airlines and railways have excellent ............................ (8), notwithstanding the occasional spectacular crash. The fixed routines necessary for the safe operation of transport systems carry their own dangers, however. It can happen that drivers and pilots, their brains ............................ (9) by the monotony of repetitive tasks, fail to take notice of ............................ (10) lights and signals.

Occasionally, someone, so heedless of his own safety, so desperate for thrills, or so convinced that he bears a(n) ............................ (11), will play such deadly games as Russian Roulette, in which even if the ............................ (12) are six to one, the consequences can be fatal. Such games, whether prompted by bravado or a sort of death wish, cannot be compared with unavoidably ............................ (13) activities such as mountain-climbing and deep-sea diving where taking ............................ (14), not risks, is uppermost in the minds of the participants. The main

danger to us all lies in the unexpected accidents of everyday life and it is therefore essential to be alert and ............................ (15) while at home or work.

Discuss the following questions:

1. Where does people’s low perception of the risk lead to? 2. How could you explain the saying “Familiarity breeds contempt”? Provide

examples. 3. Why do people ignore obvious danger signals? What are they? 4. What could actually disturb people’s peace of mind, make them alert? 5. What might people feel when it comes to travel by plane or train? What

could drive away their anxiety? 6. Why are fixed routines potentially dangerous? 7. What make people play such deadly games as Russian Roulette? 8. What are the rules of the game Russian Roulette? 9. What activities cannot avoid hazards? 10. Why cannot such games as Russian Roulette be compared with mountain-

climbing or deep-sea diving? What two points concerning risk in our everyday life should be kept in mind

34

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

Ex. 5 ⟹ Complete the sentences below with forms of the words on the right.

1. After several burglaries in the area, security is now a high …………… . PRIOR

2. The new current affairs series promises to address …………… issues with freshness and rigour.

CHALLENGE

3. Jon featured in one of the show's most …………… episodes. THRILL

4. She asked Mark to drive …………… . SAFE

5. Buying a secondhand car is a …………… business. RISK

6. Due to …………… circumstances, the play has been cancelled. FORESEE

7. The policy was rejected in favour of a more …………… approach. CAUTION

8. She became more and more …………… of her responsibilities. NEGLECT

9. If I went out and accepted a job at a lot less money, I'd …………… a good career.

JEOPARDY

Ex. 6 ⟹ Comment on the picture.

Traffic accidents are among the most frequent risks we face in our everyday lives. What are the causes? What precautions can be taken (both on the part of drivers and pedestrians) in order to minimize the risk? Discuss with a partner.

Active Vocabulary

security hazard safety (cameras) precaution priority hazardous safety-conscious charmed life to endanger sb to draw straws safety measures peace of mind death toll life&limb risk jeopardy to challenge thrill to claim to jeopardize challenging to thrill un/foreseen to threaten to take a chance thrilling the odds a threat daredevil lucky charm consequence a warning

35

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

Ex. 7 ⟹ Study the active vocabulary. (Quiz 1) Ex. 8 ⟹ Read the text from ex. 13 and write a summary of it (200-250 words). Ex. 9 ⟹ You are going to listen to a risk expert talking about the risks of driving

in the US. Before you listen, predict which option you think is correct. Then listen and check.

1. The most dangerous thing to be on the road is _________.

a. a pedestrian b. a driver c. a motorcyclist

2. Most accidents happen because drivers _________. a. fall asleep at the wheel b. are drunk c. drive too fast

3. Driving at night is _________ as dangerous as driving during the day. a. three times b. four times c. ten times

4. You are most likely to have a nonfatal accident on a _________. a. Tuesday morning b. Friday afternoon c. Saturday night

5. Most fatal accidents happen on _________. a. highways b. freeways c. country roads

6. Mile for mile, women have more _________ than men. a. minor accidents b. serious accidents c. fatal accidents

7. The age at which a driver is most at risk is _________. a. over 65 b. between 25 and 34 c. under 25

Would these statistics probably be similar in your country? Do you think punishments for dangerous driving should be more severe?

Ex. 10 ⟹ Translate into Russian using the active vocabulary.

1) После теракта 2001 г. власти приняли ряд мер, призванных обеспечить безопасность горожан и сократить риск повторных атак. 2) Не желая подвергать опасности жизни спортсменов, организаторы решили не рисковать и приняли повышенные меры предосторожности. 3) Наводнение имело страшные последствия: сотни поврежденных домов, разрушенная инфраструктура, не говоря уже о человеческих жертвах. В списках погибших значатся 220 человек, еще 32 считаются без вести пропавшими. 4) В магазине установлены камеры безопасности, предназначенные не только предотвратить кражи, но и обеспечить безопасность посетителей. 5) Я считаю его поступок глупым, не было никакой необходимости так рисковать. Теперь под угрозой его карьера и будущее. 6) Он настоящий сорви-голова: риск - это его стихия. Он каким-то чудом остается цел и невредим, какие бы опасности его встречали. Ему нравится бороться сам собой. В этом для него "кайф".

Hometask 1

36

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

USEFUL LANGUAGE Topical Clichés go in for extreme sports exciting In the picture we can see… to run the risk of … thrilling I am convinced that… to enjoy sth appealing As for me… to be keen on sth risky Personally… to be fond of sth hazardous I am for/against… to challenge oneself fun From my experience… to endanger one’s life irresponsible I disapprove of… to appeal to sb sheer folly To be frank…

Ex. 11 ⟹ Write Quiz 1, check ex. 7-10. A brief recap of the previous lesson. Ex. 12 ⟹ What is happening in each of the photographs. Discuss.

1. Do any of these activities appeal to you? Why/why not? 2. Which activity do you think is the most exciting/popular/risky? 3. What is the attraction of extreme sports compared with activities such as computer games or

reading?

Theme One: Living on the Edge

37

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

Ex. 13 ⟹ Before reading, match the words and phrases listed below to their Russian equivalents.

1. general public a. наполнять жизнь, делать ее яркой 2. be a burden to b. долго, подробно, детально 3. at great length c. поиск острых ощущений 4. find outlets for d. раздвигать границы/превысить порог 5. to be a fulfilling part of sb’s life e. приятное возбуждение; опьянение; радость 6. to crave adventure f. запрограммированный, врожденный 7. to play on the edge g. соблюдающий правила безопасности 8. thrill seeking/ sensation seeking h. найти выход чему-л. (напр. гневу, эмоциям) 9. safety conscious i. широкая публика; общественность 10. to be hardwired j. жаждать чего-л. 11. exhilaration k. действовать на грани 12. push the limits l. быть ношей, обузой

Ex. 14 ⟹ Read the text.

Living on the Edge: Extreme Sports and their Role in Society1 With regard to extreme sports, the perception of the general public is that people who choose to take risks are irresponsible ‘adrenaline junkies’ who are ultimately a burden to society. When a person takes unnecessary risks, and becomes injured or in need of rescue, the expenses for coming to their aid are often borne by taxpayers. It should not be surprising then, that these same taxpayers question why they should have to pay for these seemingly foolish actions. A backcountry rescue after skiers trigger an avalanche, for example, will cost thousands of dollars. Skateboarders cause damage to both private and public property, and injure themselves. While these issues have been discussed at great length in the media, rarely does discussion focus on the negative impact of limiting access to these types of risky sports. What would be the effect on society if we made it more difficult for people to engage in these types of activities? In fact, by curbing a person’s passions and limiting access to their chosen sports–even those the public may consider risky– these athletes may well find outlets for their energy that is much more burdensome to society. While it is true that extreme sports do not appeal to the masses, there are still a significant number of people to whom these activities are an important and fulfilling part of their lives. It is our differences that make a society interesting, so while it may not be for everyone, high-risk activities contribute to the diversity of our culture. We all crave adventure to some degree or another. As author, outdoorsman, and Idaho State University faculty member, Ron Watters explains in his essay “The Wrong Side of the Thin Edge”, everyone needs a little adventure. But some people need more than the normal forms of life’s excitement and take it one step further, participating in high-risk activities- sports played on the edge, where the consequences are far greater, and where as the great American mountaineer and outdoor philosopher Willi Unsoeld once said, ‘It has to be real enough to kill you.’ (258) Psychologist Frank Farley has studied thrill seeking risk-takers for decades, and has developed the term “Type T” (for thrill seeking). Farley describes Type T personality types as "risk-takers and adventurers who seek excitement and stimulation wherever they can find or create it." (qtd. in Roberts) Type T’s are not just the mountain climbing daredevils of the world however. They are often our best inventors, entrepreneurs and explorers. They are CEOs, surgeons, and civil rights leaders. We wouldn’t be the progressive, vibrant society we are today if no one was willing to take risks. Farley argues that history's most crucial events are shaped by Type T individuals exhibiting Type T behavior, from Boris Yeltsin to Martin Luther King, Jr. The act of emigration, he says, is an intrinsically risky endeavor that selects individuals who are high in sensation seeking. Consequently, countries built upon immigrant population--America, Canada, Australia--probably have an above-average level of risk takers. He warns 1 from http://www.summitpost.org/living-on-the-edge-extreme-sports-and-their-role-in-society/214107

38

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

that much of the current effort to minimize risk and risk taking itself runs the risk of eliminating "a large part of what made this country great in the first place." (qtd. in Roberts) But for all their positive attributes, Type T personalities also have a dark side. They often bore easily, and without other options their craving for stimulation can lead them to abuse drugs and alcohol, gamble, or engage in other destructive behaviors. People who engage in extreme sports do take risks, but there are far more dangerous ‘highs’ they could be seeking. Rock climbing, mountain biking and snowboarding offer a high that can only be achieved through self discipline, hard work, and a healthy lifestyle. People who are serious about extreme sports are highly trained athletes who take care of their bodies and tend to be very safety conscious. There is evidence to show that the Type T personality is something people are born with. It isn’t a lifestyle choice. In fact risk taking has been linked to levels of dopamine, a chemical found in the brain that regulates mood and pleasure. The predisposition to risk-taking is not a new genetic development. It is likely hardwired into our evolutionary makeup from ancient times, when our survival depended upon the ability to hunt and defend ourselves from attack from predators or other humans. We have been successful in eliminating the vast majority of risk from our daily lives: seatbelts, airbags, and other safety advancements have greatly reduced the dangers associated with driving a car. Most people wear helmets when they bike and rollerblade. Coffee cups even warn us now that the beverage we are about to enjoy is extremely hot. As Watters explains: The world has become far too safe, and heretofore unknown lands are mapped in far too much detail. As a consequence, we need as many outlets as possible for people to participate in challenging outdoor activities. We need wilderness lands; we need rock climbing areas; we need wild rivers; we need outdoor schools, and given proper environmental safeguards, we need free and unfettered access to outdoor areas. The right to risk is unalienable. It makes our society healthier and more vibrant. (259) It is getting increasingly difficult to take any risks in the course of a day, and yet we still have this innate need for exhilaration. Without relatively safe outlets for this drive, people predisposed to risk taking behaviors will seek out other activities, with potentially greater personal, social, and economic consequences. Instead of shunning and discouraging extreme athletes, we should celebrate them for their differences and do what we can to support them as they climb higher, go faster and push the limits of human endurance and athleticism. As T.S. Elliot once said, “Only those who will risk going too far can possibly find out how far one can go.” With public support, extreme athletes can expand our boundaries and contribute to our diverse and evolving society. By curbing their passions and limiting access to activities some consider too dangerous, we may be inviting even greater risk in the form of addictions, crime and health problems the end result of which is a heavy burden for society to bear.

Ex. 15 ⟹ Answer the teacher’s questions. Ex. 16 ⟹ Discuss. Use the active vocabulary from the box below.

1. Do extreme sports appeal to you? Why? Why not? 2. Do you agree that all people crave adventure? Are you adventurous? What adventure do you

crave to engage in? 3. Do you agree that thrill seekers contribute considerably to the progress of society? Provide

examples. 4. Do you enjoy challenging activities? What type? 5. Do you agree with the author’s conclusion that extreme athletes should be supported rather

than discouraged?

39

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

Ex. 17 ⟹ Translate the following words and word combinations into Russian.

to take risks to bear expenses to cause damage to to have effect on to engage in to appeal to the masses to contribute to the diversity of our culture to seek excitement a daredevil history's most crucial events are shaped by Type T individuals

tend to be very safety conscious challenging outdoor activities

Ex. 18 ⟹ Observe the table and translate the sentences below into Russian.

verbs adjectives compounds derivates

to take to run to reduce to avoid to seek to minimize to eliminate

great huge unnecessary foolish calculated

risk-taker risk-taking risk-aversion high-risk risk expert risk management

risky to risk sth or doing sth

1. If a woman gives up her job to look after her baby, she will risk losing her salary in the medium-

term and may seriously damage her long-term career prospects. 2. Fair-skinned people who spend a great deal of time in the sun have the greatest risk of skin cancer. 3. In this new world of greyness there is an attempt to remove all risks. 4. ‘I have never knowingly exposed any patient to unnecessary risks,’ he said. 5. The officers had run the risk of being dismissed. 6. The recues were able to evacuate 500 children who were at risk. 7. Skiers always face the risk of serious injury. 8. All personal belongings are left at the owner’s risk. 9. This diet could reduce your risk of certain cancers. 10. They are anxious to avoid any risk of criticism. 11. Investments that provide a high return generally involve more risk.

Ex. 19 ⟹ You are going to listen to an extract from a radio programme. Before

listening, match the words and phrases listed below to their Russian equivalents.

1. a ban on sth 2. remote slope 3. a prime example 4. fancy doing sth 5. white-water rafting 6. paragliding 7. avalanche

a. любить что-л. b. сплав по (бурной) реке c. отдаленный склон, спуск d. запрет на что-л. e. лавина f. парапланеризм g. яркий, показательный пример

40

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

Active Vocabulary risk/risky to risk sth to find outlets FOR sth the odds (=chances) danger/dangerous to endanger sth to push the limits sheer folly challenge/challenging to challenge to seek (excitement) safety-counscious thrill/thrilling to thrill to have an effect ON appeal/appealing to appeal TO sb to ban (extreme sports) exhilaration/exhilarating to exhilarate sb to involve (danger) damage (to cause ~) to damage to face (risk/danger) safety/safe safety measures to play ON the edge hazard/hazardous safety cameras to engage IN (sports)

Ex. 20 ⟹ Now listen to the recording about heli-skiing. For questions 1-6,

choose the right answer - A, B, C or D. 1. Keith feels heli-skiing should not be permitted in the UK because a. many people have been killed. b. heliskiers are too far from help. c. it is banned elsewhere. d. weather conditions are unsuitable

4. Keith agrees with Helena that

a. heli-skiing represents an environmental threat. b. the dangers at home are just as great. c. other extreme sports are not as risky d. the risk of avalanche is fairly minimal

2. Keith says that the most important choice to make to ensure safety when skiing is that of

a. the slope. b. your companions. c. your equipment. d. the helicopter

5. What does Keith describe as difficult to foresee?

a. snow quality b. weather conditions c. wildlife activity d. danger levels

3. Helena argues that the locations heliskiers use are a. prone to avalanches. b. very close to resorts. c. not as steep as stairs d. generally fairly safe.

6. Helena is worried that

a. people take unnecessary risks. b. danger is subjectively assessed. c. other sports may be banned. d. skiing might get a bad name.

Ex. 21 ⟹ Listen again and complete the sentences below.

1. Other countries have already ... … … … … the sport, like France for instance. 2. The ... … … … … of a heliskier being caught in an avalanche are 1 in 175,000. 3. First of all, France banned the sport not only for ecological reasons but for ... … … … … too. 4. Even wild animals are some of the dangers that you may have to ... … … … … . 5. I think measuring the degree of danger ... … … … … in a sport is very difficult. 6. Risking human life for ... … … … … is, in my view, quite irresponsible.

41

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

Ex. 22 ⟹ Study the active vocabulary (Quiz 2).

Ex. 23 ⟹ Complete the sentences below with forms of the words on the right.

1. Tap water in the area is …………… to drink as it is too dirty. SAFE

2. The giant panda is an …………… species. DANGER

3. I wanted a job that was more …………… . CHALLENGE

4. He had ignored their …………… to stay in the car. WARN

5. Vets took …………… to prevent the spread of the disease. CAUTION

6. Mark engages in …………… activities such as skydiving and motocross racing.

RISK

7. He had always wanted an …………… life in the tropics. ADVENTURE

8. I don't want to …………… you, but I don't think it's such a good idea. COURAGE

Ex. 24 ⟹ Study the note and underline the correct adjective in italics.

E.g.: It's a really exhilarating experience being there. I can't wait to go in every day. The adjective exhilarating comes from the verb exhilarate. There are two types of adjectives that can be made from the verb: • Verb + -ing: exhilarating ⟹ Something is exhilarating if it makes me feel exhilarated. • Verb + -ed: exhilarated ⟹ I feel exhilarated because something is exhilarating.

1. Do you find sports like mountaineering and parkour thrilling/thrilled to watch? 2. Do you think people get irritating/irritated by the constant encouragement to do something

physical? 3. Why do you think people are interesting/ interested in extreme sports? 4. Do you think sports stars are as motivating/motivated for young people now as in the past? 5. What makes funfair rides like roller coasters exciting/excited? 6. Are you the sort of person who considers sports programmes on TV annoying/annoyed, or

do you get annoying/annoyed by other types of programmes? 7. Do you think extreme sports are more challenging/challenged than other sports? 8. Do you feel invigorated/invigorating when you do any type of energetic activity?

Choose three questions and answer them questions. Give reasons and examples in your answers.

Ex. 25 ⟹ Do ex. 29.

Hometask 2

42

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

Ex. 26 ⟹ Put the extract into Russian.

Экстремальные виды спорта получают все большую популярность. С чем это

связано? С тем ли, что сейчас появилось достаточно много возможностей для осуществления своих желаний? Или может со все убыстряющимся темпом нашей жизни?

Часто можно услышать мнение, особенно от людей, которые экстримом не увлекаются, что поклонникам такого спорта требуется помощь психолога. Что риск – это способ решения своих личностных проблем. Но так ли это? И всегда ли стремление к риску и выбросу адреналина – это признак того, что человеку требуется психологическая консультация?

Так как специалисты начали изучать данный вопрос относительно недавно, то нет точных взглядов на эту проблему. В каждом случае необходимо подходить к решению вопроса индивидуально, обращая внимание не только на сами поступки, но и на мотивы, ведущие к их совершению. Всех поклонников экстрима можно разделить две большие группы. В первую входят те, кто стремиться получить острые ощущения, но совершенно не стремиться рисковать своей жизнью. Ведь это только со стороны, на взгляд непосвященного человека, любые экстремальные виды спорта кажутся очень опасными. А те, кто занимается ими постоянно, говорят о том, что опасность не намного выше, чем при занятиях традиционными видами спорта. Ведь травму можно получить и играя в футбол, а не только прыгая с парашютом. Здесь огромное значение имеет подготовка и тренировки. Подготовленный спортсмен четко знает, что нужно делать в любой нестандартной ситуации.

Вторая группа любителей адреналина – это те, кто сознательно идет на риск. Именно такие люди выбирают профессии связанные с риском для жизни. Они понимают всю их опасность, но, к сожалению, не все и не всегда делают этот выбор сознательно. Особенно часто это относится к подросткам. Именно они способны чаще всего на бессмысленный риск. И вот здесь-то помощь психолога действительно необходима. Если взрослый человек сознательно рискует своей жизнью, понимая, зачем и для чего он это делает, представляя, как можно избежать негативных для своей жизни последствий, то подросток с неустойчивой психикой подчас действует лишь под влиянием эмоций. И помощь тут требуется не только ему, но и в первую очередь его родителям, так как склонность ребенка к бессмысленному риску может быть признаком семейных проблем, на которые не обращают внимания.

Экстремальный спорт – это возможность проявить себя, выплеснуть накопившийся стресс, реализовать свои скрытые способности, максимально выйти за пределы возможностей обычного человека и понять свой внутренний мир. Но только тогда, когда цель осознана, а риск тщательно просчитан. Бессмысленные же рискованные поступки – это повод обратиться к специалисту.

EXAM

43

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

Ex. 27 ⟹ Write Quiz 2, check ex. 22-25. A brief recap of the previous lesson. Ex. 28 ⟹ Discuss.

1. Which of the problems/benefits would you associate with each of the following occupations? In what situations?

2. What might rewards and advantages include? airline pilot construction worker school bus driver football manager newspaper reporter solicitor war correspondent investment consultant army officer

Ex. 29 ⟹ Before reading the text, match the words and phrases listed below to their Russian equivalents.

1. called out to traffic accidents 2. my foremost thought 3. to pass out 4. complete withdrawal from their

work 5. a caring profession 6. mobile with crutches 7. in excess of a hundred hours a week 8. to be a heavy burden 9. nebulous rewards 10. a mountain of hassles 11. the balance remains tipped 12. to pay the mortgage 13. burnt out 14. The jury is still out

a. выплачивать ипотеку b. передвигаться с помощью костылей c. уход с работы d. изможденный, истощенный e. вызвать на место аварии f. g. много трудностей, проблем h. первая мысль i. потерять сознание j. решение еще не принято k. помогающая профессия (педагог, медик,

соцработник и т.п.) l. более 100 часов в неделю m. n. быть тяжелой ношей

Theme Two: All Part of the Job

Surgeons have quite high social status; however, they are under a lot of stress, which is caused by the responsibility they bear, since the lives of their patients are in

their hands.

44

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

Hazard at Work

I was nearly killed on Boxing Day. My job nearly got me killed. To start with, it was not a serious incident: one car off the road and 5 two very shocked but not terribly injured passengers. I was giving assistance that is my job: rural GPs2 are often called out to traffic accidents because they can sometimes get there first and often help the ambulance crews prepare patients for a long journey to hospital.

The next car down the road changed it all. I saw it coming and had time to think: surely it will stop. I remember the noise as it hit me. No pain at this stage. I was tossed across the road and scrambled up on to the verge. Straightaway I knew that my leg was broken. Well, that's my job too. Still no pain. I didn't want to die, that was my foremost thought. I didn't want to die here on the roadside, so I worried about bleeding to death, about internal injuries or an unsuspected head injury. I waited for the signs of shock and tried not to pass out.

The scene was now full of shouting and crying. No one seemed to notice me. The village bobby arrived on cue. Sure my leg was broken, but I wasn't going to die. Now it hurt.

'Burn out' sums up how anyone in a caring profession can end up responding to chronic job-related stress by loss of concern and complete withdrawal from their work. GPs are not immune. Well, I suffered a ‘flash out’. Nothing chronic about this stress. Suddenly, lying there on the roadside with a smashed-up leg, it didn't seem worth it any more.

That was three months ago. I'm still only mobile with crutches. The practice has carried on without me - which is how it should be, for no one is indispensable in a good system. I don't need to be a doctor for a while. My patients kindly showed their concern and wished me well while they took their problems to the locum3.

Because I have spent nearly nine years working often in excess of a hundred hours a week, everyone assumes my enforced idleness to be a heavy burden. It isn't. I'm more concerned that I'm not missing my work and that I'm certainly not bored. Does this mean that I don't need to be the doctor permanently?

I know why I like being a GP. I live in a good place and I work for myself. I'm responsible only to my patients, myself and my partner. It is probably useful. It involves practicing a set of skills that could never be perfected and so is always a challenge. My staff and local colleagues are good company. It pays well. I get home for lunch every day.

The more nebulous rewards, so the sort of things many non-doctors think we do it for - like being in a position to 'help people' - tend to be counter-balanced by the reasons I don't like the job. I get used. I have to try to help with problems that should never have come my way, to which the solutions are invariably political and not medical. I cannot prescribe jobs or better houses or better relationships. I can try to be supportive, but just a few patients can create a mountain of hassles. I'm sometimes over-committed and frequently over-tired. Stress is an everyday problem. My job nearly got me killed.

Three days after I was admitted to hospital my wife went into a different hospital and had our second baby. It is impossible for me to express how unhappy my unforeseen absence made me. I couldn't

decide whether to blame the accident (but accidents happen) or my job (but no job is without risk) or just to assume no blame.

2 GP - врач общей практики [общего профиля] (врач широкого профиля в отличие от врача узкой специализации; оказывает общую медицинскую помощь, а в случае необходимости направляет пациентов к врачам-специалистам в определенной области; обычно выступает в роли семейного доктора) 3 locum - сокращение от латинского locum tenens (занимая место) и употребляется как существительное, обозначая врача или священника, который временно исполняет обязанности другого во время его отсутствия

45

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

Answer the following questions using the words in italics: 1. Why are rural GPs often called out to traffic accidents? (injure, assistance) 2. How does a doctor respond to chronic job-related stress? (suffer, risk) 3. How do the writer’s patients do without him? 4. What really positive reasons does the writer find for being a doctor? (involve,

challenge, face, appeal)What reasons counter-balance good points? (burn out, stress) 5. What is the certain reason discovered by the writer to be a GP? 6. Why is it necessary for doctors and nurses to limit emotional involvement in their

work? (burn out) 7. Why might the writer decide to give up being a doctor in the future?

ACTIVE VOCABULARY occupation to suffer from sth responsible occupational hazard to involve (stress) unforeseen injury to blame committed job-related (stress) to appeal to sb challenging challenge to experience consequence to face (the consequences) precaution to support

Well, the balance remains tipped. Despite the apparent no usefulness of being a GP and the satisfaction it gives me, I have discovered that the only certain reason I do it is for my family. Along

with paying the mortgage, it allows us to live how and where we like.

Everyone in a caring profession knows that if they do not ration their caring they can end up emotionally and intellectually burnt out. They separate themselves from their families by giving too much. I suppose I'm still bitter because there are few precautions I could take to avoid the way I was almost permanently separated from my family - and at such an important time. My resolve

has been questioned. Do I need to be a doctor? The jury is still out. Stephen Singleton, The Guardian

Ex. 30 ⟹ Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the highlighted words.

1. 'Burn out' sums up how anyone in a caring profession can end up responding to chronic job-related stress by loss of concern and complete withdrawal from their work. GPs are not immune.

2. It involves practicing a set of skills that could never be perfected and so is always a challenge. 3. I can try to be supportive, but just a few patients can create a mountain of hassles. 4. I'm sometimes over-committed and frequently over-tired. 5. It is impossible for me to express how unhappy my unforeseen absence made me. 6. Everyone in a caring profession knows that if they do not ration their caring they can end up

emotionally and intellectually burnt out. 7. I suppose I'm still bitter because there are few precautions I could take to avoid the way I was

almost permanently separated from my family.

46

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

Ex. 31 ⟹ You will hear a firefighter talking about his work. Before you listen, think of the following. 1. What sort of person would make a good firefighter? (qualities) 2. What do you think might be the main advantages and disadvantages of being a

firefighter)

Now listen to the recording. For questions 1-8. complete the notes by filling in the gaps with a word or short phrase. You will hear the recording only once.

Hometask 3

: Nigel Dawson - Firefighter Recruitment procedure:

Vocational tests to assess: • physical fitness • _________________________________ for the job

Main attractions of the job: • _________________________________ • _________________________________

Main disadvantage: Pay is lower than • _________________________________ Present salary: • _________________________________

Perks

• _________________________________ • pension • health cover • _________________________________

Promotion: • _________________________________ prospects

47

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

Ex. 32 ⟹ Complete the sentences below with forms of the words on the right.

1. We were so …………… to hear about the baby. THRILL

2. She was taken to hospital with a serious head …………… . INJURE

3. Mr Brown was found guilty of …………… driving. NEGLECT

4. The official …………… toll stands at 53. DIE

5. It’S hard to assess the …………… effects of sunlight. DAMAGE

6. The damage done to his property was …………… . NEGLECT

7. …………… sport involves a relatively high risk of injury. PROFESSION

8. Extreme sports is growing in …………… . POPULAR

9. I can only wonder at the …………… of people who advocate such destruction to our environment.

RESPONSIBLE

Ex. 33 ⟹ Translate into English.

a. Риск – явление обычное и банальное. Мы идем на осознанный риск, когда едем в

машине, садимся на диету, занимаемся спортом и пользуемся электроприборами. b. Полиция подтвердила, что, по крайней мере, 26 человек погибли, и более 200 было

ранено, когда произошло столкновение двух пассажирских поездов. Если подтвердятся самые худшие опасения официальных лиц, количество убитых, вероятно, вырастет.

c. Пренебрежение техникой безопасности - весьма опасное отношение к делу. Так можно навлечь беду. На вашем месте я бы не подвергал людей риску. Нужно принять все меры предосторожности.

d. Похоже, что для политиков развод и алкоголизм считаются профессиональным риском. История знает много случаев, когда на карту ставилась репутация и карьера. Некоторые, искушая судьбу, выходили сухими из воды, другие вели себя неосторожно и поплатились за это не только карьерой, но и поставили под угрозу жизнь своих близких.

e. Он очень ответственный сотрудник, которому можно поручить даже очень сложное задание.

48

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

Ex. 34 ⟹ Check ex. 39-42, Quiz 3.

Ex. 35 ⟹ Translate into Russian. 1. The earthquake claimed sixty lives. 2. The woman claimed to have seen the accident with her own eyes. 3. No one challenged the assumptions that are made in the report. 4. The difficulty of putting our ideas into practice challenged us to find a new method. 5. You’ve been neglecting your work. 6. It was negligence of the doctor that he failed to give the woman a full examination. 7. If you behave so foolishly you must be ready to take consequences. 8. He may be a man of consequence there, but he’s nobody here. 9. At our school we take an individual approach to every pupil. 10. When is the best time to approach him about an increase in salary? 11. She may pass the exam but the odds are that she will fail. 12. Against all the odds he recovered from his illness.

Ex. 36 ⟹ Translate into English using the following verbs.

claim challenge

neglect approach

face involve

1. Наводнение унесло сотни жизней. 2. В данном деле необходим творческий подход. 3. Ее муж умер во время операции, и ей потребовалось три года, чтобы доказать, что это

была халатность медицинского персонала. 4. Власти заявляли, что шансы найти тех, кто выжил после кораблекрушения,

незначительны. 5. Если ты нарушил закон, то будь готов нести ответственность за последствия. 6. Его новая работа подразумевает постоянные командировки. 7. Он обратился ко мне за сведениями, но мне было запрещено говорить что-либо. 8. Из-за работы он совсем забросил семью. В конечном итоге его жена подала на развод. 9. Даже просто выжить было подвигом.

Ex. 37 ⟹ Underline the correct preposition in italics.

1. We must stop these rumours; the firm’s reputation is in/at/on risk. 2. My flatmates want to have a party, but I’m not keen on/at/for the idea. 3. The idea of working abroad really appeals to/on/for me. 4. Their economy is in/on/at the edge of collapse. 5. My parents’ divorce had a big effect on/at/to me. 6. Is football a good outlet on/for/to men’s aggression? 7. I realized he was suffering of/from/on shock. 8. Only 10% of American adults engage at/to/in regular exercise. 9. Police believe that the same man is responsible to/for/in three other murders in the area.

Brush Up Brush Up

49

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

Ex. 38 ⟹ Put the text into English.

Риск в бизнесе понятен и является непременным атрибутом. Развитие производства

без экспериментов невозможно. Бизнесмен в состоянии все контролировать, делать расчеты, прогнозировать результаты.

Экстремальные виды спорта, бизнес, бесспорно, подразумевают риск. Но от этого риска человек вправе отказаться. Совершенно иное дело — профессиональный риск. Здесь риск — неотъемлемая составляющая профессии. Никто не заставляет спасателей подвергать себя опасности. Это их работа. Они должны уметь хорошо ориентироваться в пространстве, координировано управлять машиной, включая нелогичные, необычные моменты, сохранять самообладание. Высокий уровень профессионализма минимизирует риск.

Откуда берутся склонные к риску люди? Как все мы — из детства. Способность идти на риск — результат сложной суммы множества факторов. Наследственность, особенности воспитания, природная и социальная среда - вот главные из них. Педагоги и психологи давно подметили, что если ребенок воспитывался в спокойной и бесконфликтной обстановке, имел достаточную степень самостоятельности, ощущал одобрение и поддержку родителей, то он вырастал более уверенным в своих силах, смелым и предприимчивым человеком.

И наоборот, ребенок, выросший в обстановке страхов и тревог, нестабильности, лишенный самостоятельности или постоянно подвергающийся наказаниям, скорее всего, станет тревожным, неуверенным, безынициативным человеком с чувством вины.

Ситуация риска всегда порождает стресс, и от того, как человек справляется с ним, будет зависеть эффективность его деятельности, а иногда и жизнь.

Readers’ Digest октябрь 2002

Ex. 39 ⟹ Discuss.

1. Think about the dangers and risks people living in big cities face. Discuss with your partner. 2. Draw up a list of main hazards of city life.

Ex. 40 ⟹ You are going to listen to two friends talking about the city they live in. Before listening, match the words and phrases listed below to their Russian equivalents.

1. sensible 2. a spate of muggings 3. to snatch a wallet 4. a pickpocket 5. to be worth doing 6. to stab sb 7. an easy target 8. vulnerable 9. to put sb off

a. вор-карманник b. уязвимый; ранимый c. легкая мишень d. благоразумный, осторожный e. нанести удар ножом f. волна уличных нападений g. отпугивать h. стащить, украсть кошелек i. стоит что-л. делать

EXAM

50

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

USEFUL LANGUAGE Topical Clichés to run the risk of … unforeseen From my experience … to face danger to endanger Personally … own safety sheer folly I am convinced that … safety-conscoius to take (measures) the odds of … are to be hurt/injured Linkers violence crime rate to take precautions to blame sb For instance … consequence sth involves risk Besides … to neglect safety rules ir/responsibility Moreover …

stress point out

I’d like to … emphasize that … mention add

Ex. 41 ⟹ Listen and answer the questions.

1. Do they think they live in a particularly dangerous city? 2. How many dangers from your list do they mention? 3. Do they mention any other dangers?

4. What precautions do they suggest you should take when walking home at night? 5. In what places do they suggest you should take special care with your bag or wallet? Why? 6. There seems to have been an increase in crime recently. What sort of crime? 7. Have the speakers been victims of crime themselves? What about their friends? 8. What exactly happened to the group of tourists? 9. What do they think the police could do to improve the situation?

51

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

Ex. 42 ⟹ Answer the questions using the active vocabulary.

1. Do you enjoy challenges? What sort of challenges? 2. Is it OK to have a relaxed approach to life? 3. Why do students sometimes neglect their studies? 4. Do you suffer from studies-related stress? How do you cope with it? What would be your

advice for students who do? 5. What precautions do you take when you go abroad/on holiday? 6. Would you prefer a job that involves a lot of travelling? Why? Why not? 7. In what situations is it normal to take risks? 8. How do you find an outlet for negative emotions that might overwhelm you? 9. Do you approve of security cameras that are installed all over the city? 10. Would you ever consider engaging in extreme sports?

52

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

Ex. 43 ⟹ Revise for the mid-term test. Ex. 44 ⟹ Summarize the text (100-150 words).

Литература полна смелых обобщений, что такое риск. Борис

Пастернак полагал, что искусство “невообразимо” без него. Симона де Бевуар считала, что по способности рисковать жизнью “человек отличается от животного”. Вильям Джеймс как-то заметил: “именно потому, что мы рискуем собой ежечасно, мы вообще живем”.

Пастернак, возможно, прав, де Бевуар и Джеймс почти наверняка нет. Это потому, что риск – явление более обыденное и

банальное, чем они полагают. Мы идем на осознанный риск, когда едем в машине, садимся на диету, занимаемся спортом и пользуемся электроприборами. Риск – это обыденность. А обыденность притупляет бдительность.

Но, мы отличаемся от животных (и живем полной жизнью) благодаря умению вынести здравое суждение. Имея это в виду, ясно, что Джон Кеннеди рисковал чрезмерно, когда, являясь относительно неопытным летчиком, управляющим относительно незнакомым самолетом, он вылетел в относительно опасных погодных условиях. Даже, если бы он благополучно приземлился, его суждение все равно бы следовало подвергнуть сомнению.

Друзья и критики клана Кеннеди могут спорить, “безрассудны” или “бесстрашны” его члены. В любом из этих случаев, Джона младшего можно было отнести к более осторожным членам клана Кеннеди. И в любом из этих случаев, все согласны, что ценности семьи Кеннеди включают “игру с огнем”. Иногда это дает положительные результаты. Но бывало, когда последствия оказывались ужасными. По крайней мере, двое Кеннеди, Давид и Майкл, умерли, подвергая себя глупому риску; первый – принимая наркотики, второй – катаясь на лыжах.

В отличие от всех остальных, богатые могут позволить подвергать себя дорогому риску. Владеть и летать на собственных самолетах требует денег. Менее дорого кататься на горных лыжах, плыть на байдарках, нырять с аквалангом или летать на планерах. Но заниматься всем сразу стоит очень дорого, и очень сложно заниматься всем сразу хорошо и безопасно.

Удовольствие, связанное с риском, может быть волнующим и желанным, но стоит помнить, что, если жизнь требует от вас ежечасного риска, то, наверняка, жизнь будет слишком короткой, для вас и для других.

Hometask 4

53

Uni

t 2: S

tude

nt’s

Book

n – noun, v – verb, adj - adjective

Active Vocabulary