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Mrs. Reifsnyder Name: ________________________________________ World Geography Test Date: ____________________________________
Unit 13 – South, East, and Southeast Asia Study Guide
SOLs Addressed: WG. 1d, 2b, 4, 7, 9b, 10b,c Essential Questions:
• In what ways do physical, economic, and cultural characteristics influence regional development? • What are some ways that human interaction with the environment affects the development of a
region? • What are some criteria that may be used to determine a country’s relative importance? • What impact do elements of the physical environment, such as major bodies of water and
mountains, have on countries in a region? Essential Understandings/Knowledge Map of Asia
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Countries South Asia Southeast Asia East Asia
-‐ Afghanistan -‐ Philippines -‐ Vietnam -‐ Mongolia -‐ Pakistan -‐ Indonesia -‐ Singapore -‐ China (People’s Republic of -‐ Nepal -‐ Malaysia -‐ Brunei China) -‐ Bhutan -‐ Thailand -‐ Japan -‐ Bangladesh -‐ Cambodia -‐ Taiwan (Republic of China) -‐ India -‐ Burma (Myanmar) -‐ North Korea -‐ Sri Lanka -‐ Laos -‐ South Korea
Mountains Bodies of Water
-‐ Mount Fuji -‐ Arabian Sea -‐ Brahmaputra River -‐ Himalayas -‐ Indian Ocean -‐ Pacific Ocean -‐ Western and Eastern Ghats -‐ Bay of Bengal -‐ Yangtze River (Chang Jiang)
-‐ Ganges River -‐ Mekong River -‐ Indus River -‐ Yellow River (Huang He)
Other -‐ Gobi Desert -‐ Plateau of Tibet -‐ Kashmir
Physical Characteristics
1. The mountains in Asia (which include the Himalayas, the Western and Eastern Ghats, and Mount Fuji) influence where people live, population growth, and climate. The Himalayas block moisture to create an orographic effect, or a rainshadow. The steppes and deserts (Gobi Desert) of Central Asia area a result of this orographic effect.
2. In East Asia, specifically China, both the Yellow River (Huang He) and the Yangtze River (Chiang Jiang) flood, often creating hazards for the people living in near proximity to them. The Yellow River is even nicknamed “China’s Sorrow” because the flooding of this river has killed numerous people throughout history.
3. The rivers of South Asia also hold the potential for flooding. The rivers that flood often are the Brahmaputra and the Ganges, as well as the Mekong in Southeast Asia.
4. East Asia experiences numerous natural hazards. Volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis are all common because this region is part of the Ring of Fire that encircles the Pacific Ocean.
5. The storms that occur in the Pacific Ocean are called typhoons. They are very similar to hurricanes.
6. South and East Asia experience the monsoons. These are winds that blow in certain directions depending on the time of year. During the summer months, the monsoon season is characterized by extremely heavy rains. These rains aid in the production of rice, Asia’s main food crop.
7. The bodies of water in the region are extremely important for trade, agriculture, and transportation. These bodies of water include rivers, seas, and ocean currents.
8. There are very varied climate regions in Asia: a. The areas on or near the equator experience tropical wet climates. The two climates that
are considered tropical climates are tropical rainforest and tropical savanna. Indonesia is mostly tropical rainforest. Unfortunately, much of this rainforest is being cut down. Therefore, deforestation is a huge problem.
b. The areas located on the leeward (away from the wind) side of the mountains in this region are considered dry. The two types of dry climates are desert and semi-arid (steppe). An example of a rainshadow created by the Himalaya Mountains is the Gobi Desert.
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c. The interior parts of the region experience a humid continental climate. 9. The fertile soil that blows into the Yangtze River (Huang He) is called loess. It is a yellow color. 10. There is abundant fertile (arable) land in Asia.
Economic and Political Characteristics
1. Burma is also known as Myanmar. 2. The correct political name for China is The People’s Republic of China. 3. The correct political name for Taiwan is the Republic of China. Taiwan occupies the island
known as Formosa. 4. The Sea of Japan located between Japan and North and South Korea is often called the East Sea. 5. The deserts located in the region are growing. This process is called desertification. 6. China is experiencing acid rain pollution. This type of pollution is a result of air pollution mixing
with precipitation. It can kill vegetation and wildlife. This is an example of environmental degradation.
7. In the mountainous regions of East and Southeast Asia, terraced farming is very common. This type of agriculture involves carving steps out of the mountainside and planting crops on each step.
8. This region has a wide range in standards of living. Some countries are extremely poor and developing while others are very developed (industrialized) with strong infrastructures.
9. The industrialized countries tend to have economies based on commercial farming and high tech industrial manufacturing while the developing countries tend to have economies based on subsistence farming.
10. The region is a major contributor to global markets. 11. Japan is an example of a highly industrialized country. It has high-‐tech industrial manufacturing
and is a major player in the global market. It is considered an economic leader in the world. However, Japan has very limited natural resources. Japan’s most valuable resource is its skilled labor force (human resources).
12. Three newly industrialized countries in Asia are: South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore. 13. China has a communist government. It has traditionally had a centrally planned economy
(command economy), but has been moving toward capitalism in recent years. 14. China and the United States are trade partners. 15. The countries of Southeast Asia belong to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
It is an economic alliance created in 1976 to reduce trade restrictions between member countries of Southeast Asia.
16. Rice is the major crop in Asia. Various tropical crops are also important to the economies of Asian nations.
17. Fishing is a major economic activity in this region. 18. The Green Revolution is the term used to explain the movement which began following World
War II when Asia experimented with new varieties of seeds, technological advancements, and types of pesticides to create larger crop yields.
19. Because the forests of Nepal and Malaysia are being cut down, deforestation is a major environmental problem in these regions (human interaction with environment).
20. Boundary and territorial disputes exist in this region: a. China and Taiwan are in a conflict that dates back to the 1949 Chinese revolution. Mao
Zedong’s communists claimed the mainland, and the Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-‐shek fled to the island known as Formosa and created the independent state called Taiwan.
b. India and Pakistan are in a conflict that dates to the region’s independence from the British in 1947. The dominant religion in India is Hinduism. The dominant religion in Pakistan is Islam. Therefore, there is great conflict between the Hindus and the Muslims in the region. Additionally, both countries fight over the region known as Kashmir.
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c. The Korean War was fought between 1950 and 1953. It resulted in two Koreas. North Korea is communist while South Korea is democratic. The two Koreas have never signed a peace treaty.
Examples of Site (actual location of a city) and Situation (relative location) Island Sites – Hong Kong and Singapore Situations
-‐ Focal point of pilgrimage: Varanasi, India (for Hindus) -‐ City that grew up on a trade route: Xi’an, China (Silk Road) -‐ City that grew up on maritime trade route: Singapore
Cultural Characteristics
1. Indonesia is an archipelago of thousands of islands. It is made up of various ethnic groups with different cultures, languages, and numerous religions.
2. There are numerous religions practiced in Asia. These religions include Hinduism (mostly in India), Islam, Buddhism, Christianity, Taoism, Shinto, and Confucianism. Shinto is found almost exclusively in Japan.
3. Taoism, Confucianism, Shintoism, and Buddhism all teach followers to have respect for ancestors.
4. There are areas in Asia where the population density is very high, while other parts of the region are very sparsely populated. The population density is greatly affected by climate and physical geography.
5. There is great contrast between the rural (country) and urban (city) areas. Many people are moving to the urban areas looking for a better life. This is called urbanization. However, a great percentage of these people are unable to find adequate housing or employment. Many live in very poor communities on the outskirts of the city.
6. Japan and the Koreas are known as homogenous countries. This means that these regions are predominantly a single ethnicity.
7. Three cities that are important centers of trade and culture: Tokyo, Japan, Beijing, China, and New Delhi, India.
8. List examples of cultural heritage and landscape in Asia: a. Silks b. Batik c. Wood and ivory carvings d. Ideograms (unique alphabets) e. Jewels f. Taj Mahal (beautiful building in India) g. Angkor Wat (Cambodia) h. Great Wall of China i. Floating markets (Southeast Asia) j. Mosques and minarets (Islam) k. Shrines and temples (Buddhism) l. Terraced rice fields (mountainous areas)
