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Unit 11 Terms
Comte & Positivism For Comte, the physical sciences had
necessarily to arrive first,before humanity could adequately
channel its efforts into the most challenging and
complex science of human society itself.
Kulturkampf - (literally, "culture struggle") refers to German
policies in relation to
secularity and the influence of the Roman Catholic Church,
enacted from 1871 to 1878
by the Prime Minister of Prussia, Otto von Bismarck.
Natural Selection - is the gradual, non-random process by which
biological traits become
either more or less common in a population as a function of
differential reproduction of
their bearers. It is a key mechanism of evolution.
Rerum Novarum - It discussed the relationships and mutual duties
between labor and
obtaining capital, as well as government and its citizens.
On the Origin of Species - published on 24 November 1859, is a
work of scientific
literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the
foundation of evolutionarybiology.
X-rays, Radiation, and Quantum Theory x-rays is energy that
penetrates solids,radiation is process in which energetic particles
or energetic waves travel through a
vacuum, and the quantum theory is a subset of physics explaining
the physical behaviors
at the molecular, atomic and sub-atomic levels.
Herbert Spencer Social Darwanism - Spencer developed an
all-embracing conception
of evolution as the progressive development of the physical
world, biological organisms,the human mind, and human culture and
societies.
Realism are two of a number of different senses the words take
in other fields. In this
broad sense realism frequently contrasts with idealism.
Skepticism - is generally any questioning attitude towards
knowledge, facts, or
opinions/beliefs stated as facts, or doubt regarding claims that
are taken for granted
elsewhere.
Naturalism any of several philosophical stances wherein all
phenomena or hypotheses,
commonly labeled as supernatural, are either false or not
inherently different from naturalphenomena or hypotheses.
Modernism- in its broadest definition is modern thought,
character, or practice. Morespecifically, the term describes the
modernist movement in the arts, its set of cultural
tendencies and associated cultural movements.
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Cubism revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and
inspired related
movements in music, literature and architecture
Impressionism Impressionist painting characteristics include
relatively small, thin, yet
visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate
depiction of light in its
changing qualities.
Post-Impressionism Post-Impressionists extended Impressionism
while rejecting its
limitations: they continued using vivid colors, thick
application of paint, distinctive brushstrokes, and real-life
subject matter.
Nietzsche He wrote critical texts on religion, morality,
contemporary culture,
philosophy, and science, displaying a fondness for metaphor,
irony, and aphorism.
Psychoanalysis - a psychological and psychotherapeutic theory
founded in the late 19th
and early 20th centuries by Austrian neurologist Sigmund
Freud.
