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Short Story Unit Short Story Unit Literary Terms & Literary Terms & Definitions Definitions

Short Story Unit Literary Terms

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Page 1: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

Short Story Unit Short Story Unit Literary Terms & Literary Terms &

Definitions Definitions

Page 2: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

Parts of Plot Parts of Plot

Plot:Plot: The sequence of events in a The sequence of events in a story. story.

Exposition:Exposition: The basic situation of The basic situation of a story—this is where the reader a story—this is where the reader learns the background learns the background information necessary to information necessary to understand the story.understand the story.

Page 3: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

Parts of PlotParts of Plot Rising Action: Rising Action: The part of the story The part of the story

which occurs between the exposition which occurs between the exposition and climax. Here is where conflicts and climax. Here is where conflicts occur which build up the story and occur which build up the story and make it interesting. make it interesting.

Climax: Climax: The turning point or highest The turning point or highest point of action in a story. The main point of action in a story. The main conflict is typically resolved after this conflict is typically resolved after this place.place.

Page 4: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

Parts of PlotParts of Plot

Falling Action:Falling Action: The part of the The part of the story which occurs after the story which occurs after the climax and before the resolution. climax and before the resolution. Here is where loose ends are tied Here is where loose ends are tied up toward the end of the story.up toward the end of the story.

Resolution:Resolution: The final outcome of The final outcome of the story. the story.

Page 5: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

Parts of PlotParts of Plot

Basic Situation

Rising Action

Climax

Falling Action

Resolution

Page 6: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

ConflictConflict

Internal Conflict:Internal Conflict: A conflict that A conflict that occurs within a character’s occurs within a character’s mind. (man vs. himself)mind. (man vs. himself)

Page 7: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

Conflict Conflict

External Conflict:External Conflict: A conflict that A conflict that occurs between a character and occurs between a character and an outside force. Man vs. man, an outside force. Man vs. man, man vs. nature, for example.man vs. nature, for example.

Page 8: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

CharacterizationCharacterization

Static Character:Static Character: A character who A character who does NOT changedoes NOT change throughout the throughout the story. story.

Dynamic Character:Dynamic Character: A character A character who who changeschanges throughout the throughout the story.story.

Page 9: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

CharacterizationCharacterization

Round Character:Round Character: A character with A character with many qualities and personality traits.many qualities and personality traits.

Flat Character:Flat Character: A character with only A character with only a couple characteristics; is often the a couple characteristics; is often the stereotypical character in a story. stereotypical character in a story.

Page 10: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

CharacterizationCharacterization

Protagonist:Protagonist: The main character The main character of a story—often considered to of a story—often considered to be the hero of the story.be the hero of the story.

Antagonist:Antagonist: The character who The character who frustrates, deceives, or works frustrates, deceives, or works against the main character. against the main character.

Page 11: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

Methods of Methods of CharacterizationCharacterization

Direct Characterization:Direct Characterization: The narrator The narrator makes direct comments about the makes direct comments about the character. i.e. “She is friendly.” character. i.e. “She is friendly.”

Indirect Characterization:Indirect Characterization: We learn We learn about the character through her speech, about the character through her speech, thoughts, feelings, actions, physical thoughts, feelings, actions, physical appearance and through other appearance and through other characters’ thoughts, feelings, and characters’ thoughts, feelings, and speech about her. speech about her.

Page 12: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

SettingSetting

Setting:Setting: Where and when the Where and when the story takes place.story takes place.

Place Place - geographical location. Where is - geographical location. Where is the action of the story taking place?the action of the story taking place?

Time Time - When is the story taking place? - When is the story taking place? (historical period, time of day, year, etc)(historical period, time of day, year, etc)

Weather conditionsWeather conditions - Is it rainy, sunny, - Is it rainy, sunny, stormy, etc?stormy, etc?

Page 13: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

Point of ViewPoint of View

Who is telling the story?Who is telling the story? 11stst Person POV: Person POV: The narrator is a The narrator is a

character in the story and uses “I” character in the story and uses “I” or “me” when telling the story. or “me” when telling the story.

22ndnd Person POV: Person POV: The narrator The narrator brings “you”, the reader, into the brings “you”, the reader, into the story when telling the story. story when telling the story.

Page 14: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

Point of ViewPoint of View 33rdrd Person Limited POV: Person Limited POV: The narrator The narrator

tells only what one character thinks, tells only what one character thinks, feels, and observes, and uses “he,” feels, and observes, and uses “he,” “they,” “she,” etc. “they,” “she,” etc.

33rdrd Person Omniscient POV: Person Omniscient POV: The The narrator sees into the minds of more narrator sees into the minds of more than one character when telling the than one character when telling the story– uses “he,” “she,” “they,” etc.story– uses “he,” “she,” “they,” etc.

Page 15: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

ThemeTheme

A perception about life that the writer A perception about life that the writer conveys to the reader. A theme must conveys to the reader. A theme must be written in a complete sentence, and be written in a complete sentence, and must apply to the story as well as to must apply to the story as well as to life in general.life in general. ““One’s family may be his friends.” One’s family may be his friends.” ““Sometimes the cruelest words are Sometimes the cruelest words are

said in silence.” said in silence.”

Page 16: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

IronyIrony

Situational Irony:Situational Irony: When there is a When there is a contrast between what a reader or contrast between what a reader or character expects and what actually character expects and what actually exists or happens. exists or happens.

Verbal Irony:Verbal Irony: Saying one thing, but Saying one thing, but meaning something else. . . meaning something else. . . knowingly exaggerating. (sarcasm) knowingly exaggerating. (sarcasm)

Page 17: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

IronyIrony

Dramatic IronyDramatic Irony: The audience or : The audience or reader knows something another reader knows something another character does not know.character does not know.

Type of Irony?:Type of Irony?: ““What a beautiful day!” (said on a rainy, What a beautiful day!” (said on a rainy,

40 degree day)40 degree day) It’s ironic that the man who reported the It’s ironic that the man who reported the

crime to police is actually the murderer!crime to police is actually the murderer!

Page 18: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

Make It IronicMake It IronicChoose 5 of the following scenarios and rewrite them so Choose 5 of the following scenarios and rewrite them so that they are ironic. Label whether they are verbal, that they are ironic. Label whether they are verbal, dramatic, or situational irony. dramatic, or situational irony.

1.1. A man gets struck by lightning.A man gets struck by lightning.

Ex: As Joe, the local weather forecaster, does his 6:00 weather Ex: As Joe, the local weather forecaster, does his 6:00 weather report stating how the storm that has just moved through report stating how the storm that has just moved through town has passed, he gets struck by lightening. (situationaltown has passed, he gets struck by lightening. (situational—contrast between what is expected and what happens)—contrast between what is expected and what happens)

OrOr

Ex: Right after a man has been struck by lightening he Ex: Right after a man has been struck by lightening he exclaims, “Well, that felt good.” (verbal—contrast between exclaims, “Well, that felt good.” (verbal—contrast between what is said and what is meant).what is said and what is meant).

Page 19: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

Make it IronicMake it Ironic

2.2. An animal rescuer gets injured on the job.An animal rescuer gets injured on the job.

3.3. A teenager saves all summer to buy a new car.A teenager saves all summer to buy a new car.

4.4. Mrs. Cunningham drinks a cup of her favorite coffee Mrs. Cunningham drinks a cup of her favorite coffee from Starbucks.from Starbucks.

5.5. A newlywed couple goes to the beach for their A newlywed couple goes to the beach for their honeymoon.honeymoon.

6.6. An off-duty police officer is driving to the store.An off-duty police officer is driving to the store.

7.7. A fire breaks out in a building.A fire breaks out in a building.

8.8. A woman wins the lottery.A woman wins the lottery.

9.9. A priest listens to a confession.A priest listens to a confession.

10.10. Treasure hunters find a long-lost treasure chest.Treasure hunters find a long-lost treasure chest.

Page 20: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

SymbolSymbol

A person, place, thing, or event A person, place, thing, or event that stands for itself and for that stands for itself and for something beyond itself as well. something beyond itself as well.

ExamplesExamples: the American flag : the American flag symbolizes freedom, liberty, and love symbolizes freedom, liberty, and love for America.for America.

A wedding band symbolizes_______.A wedding band symbolizes_______. A white flag symbolizes__________.A white flag symbolizes__________.

Page 21: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

Foreshadowing Foreshadowing

The use of hints or clues to The use of hints or clues to indicate events and situations indicate events and situations that will occur later in the plot.that will occur later in the plot. Spooky music Spooky music Thunder and lightening Thunder and lightening A new suspicious character A new suspicious character

introduced (purpose unknown at the introduced (purpose unknown at the time)time)

Page 22: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

SuspenseSuspense

The excitement or tension a The excitement or tension a reader feels when reading.reader feels when reading. I wonder what will happen next?I wonder what will happen next?

Page 23: Short Story Unit Literary Terms

MoodMood

The feeling or atmosphere that The feeling or atmosphere that the writer creates for the reader the writer creates for the reader through word choice and imagery.through word choice and imagery.

Types of mood: scary, romantic,Types of mood: scary, romantic,

violent, hopeful, etc. violent, hopeful, etc.