Unit 11: Bacteria and Viruses

Agenda 3/28

1. Watch rest of Ebola Video2. Warm up #1: Catching a cold3. Notes: Microbes4. Article: Food safety5. Mini Lab: Potato Swabbing

* NO HOMEWORK

Warm up 1: Catching a coldCheck off the things that cause you to catch a cold (check as many as you’d like)

Having a fever___ Being wet ___Being wet and cold ____ Germs___Spoiled food ___ Imbalance of body fluid__Cold weather___ lack of exercise___

Explain your thinking. Describe how people catch a cold.

I. Microbes

A. Single-celled organisms1. Invisible to the naked

eye

B. Where can we find microbes?

1. In the air we breathe, the ground we walk on, the food we eat, and they're even inside us!

C. Have been around for 3.5 billion years

II. What do microbes look like?

A. Magnified 1000’s of times and colored using dye

E. coli, a bacterium which lives inside humans.

A type of flu virus.

Athlete’s foot.

III. Microbes: Three types

A. Bacteria Ex: strep bacteria

B. Virus Ex: rotavirus

C. Fungi Ex: mold

IV. BacteriaA. Have three main shapes

spirilla little balls(cocci) rods (bacilli)

B. Can move about on their own

V. Virus

A. Come in 1000s of different shapes and sizes.

B. They hang about waiting to meet a ‘host’ which they then invade, hijacking the host’s cells.

**Beware the air you breathe and door handles! (especially if its Ebola, ahhhhhhh!!

VI. Fungi

A. Not just mushrooms!!

B. Athlete’s foot, penicillin, and yeast.

C. Yeast is used in bread making (It’s cute, too!!)

VII. What can bacteria do ?A. Bacteria in the Cafeteria

1. Bacteria do many good things, such as decompose waste and give texture and flavour to food.

2. Bacteria can give off oxygen when they ‘eat’.

* Next let’s read an article about food safety!

Potato Experiment

1. Make a hypothesis about what your potato is going to look like.

2. One group member can come up to the front and find their potato.

3. Record your data (how did it change, what do you see?)… Don’t forget your picture!

** DO NOT open the baggie!!! Stinky= NO NO

Potato Bacteria

Potato Fungus

Pathogens

I. Pathogens

A. Pathogen 1. Any disease-causing agent

II. What is a virus?

A. A virus is made of DNA or RNA and a protein coat.

1. Non-living pathogen 2. Can infect many organisms

III. Viral Structure

A. Viruses have a simple structure. 1. genetic material 2. capsid, a protein shell 3. maybe a lipid envelope, a protective outer coat

IV. Bacteriophage

A. Bacteriophages infect bacteria.

capsid

DNA

tail sheath

tail fiber

V. Viral Entry

A. Bacteriophages pierce host cells B. Viruses of eukaryotes enter by endocytosisC. Viruses of eukaryotes also fuse with membrane

VI. Viral infections

A. A lytic infection causes the host cell to burst

The bacteriophage attachesand injects its DNA into a host bacterium.

The viral DNA forms a circle.

The viral DNA directs the hostcell to produce new viral parts.The parts assemble into newbacteriophages.

The host bacterium breaks apart, or lyses. Bacteriophages are ableto infect new host cells.

VI. Viral Infection

B. A lysogenic infection does no immediate harm

The viral DNA is called a prophagewhen it combines withthe host cell’s DNA.

Although the prophage is notactive, it replicates along withthe host cell’s DNA.

Many cell divisions produce acolony of bacteria infectedwith prophage.

The prophage may leave thehost’s DNA and enter thelytic cycle.

Brainpop: Viruses

http://www.brainpop.com/health/diseasesinjuriesandconditions/viruses/

Agenda 4/1

1. Warm up #22. Check potatoes3. HIV/AIDS article4. Flu Attack video 5. Comic strips

Warm up 2: Viruses

1. What is a pathogen?2. What type of virus infects bacteria?3. Why are viruses considered non-living?4. What are the 2 infectious cycles of

bacteriophages?

Potato Experiment Day 3

1. One group member can come up to the front and find their potato.

2. Record your data (how did it change, what do you see?)… Don’t forget your picture!

** DO NOT open the baggie!!! Stinky= NO NO

Potato Bacteria

Potato Fungus

Flu Attack

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ

* Watch carefully, we will be doing an activity relating to this video!!!

Agenda 4/2

1. Warm up 3: Fighting Pathogens2. Check potatoes3. Share any comic strips 4. Notes: Vaccines and Bacteria5. Brain pop: Bacteria and bacterial resistance6. Music Vid: Bubonic Plague (Hollabck guuurl)

Warm up 3: Fighting pathogens

1. What is a vaccine? What does a vaccine do?2. What type of pathogens do vaccines work

on?3. What is an antibiotic? How do they work?4. What type of pathogens do antibiotics work

on?

Potato Experiment Day 4

1. One group member can come up to the front and find their potato.

2. Record your data (how did it change, what do you see?)… Don’t forget your picture!

** DO NOT open the baggie!!! Stinky= NO NO

I. Vaccines (For viruses)

A. Vaccines are made from weakened pathogens

1. A vaccine stimulates the body’s own immune response.

2. Vaccines prepare the immune system for a future attack.

3. Vaccines are the only way to control the spread of viral disease.

Viruses with Vaccines

Rabies

Mumps

Chicken Pox

II. Bacterial Structure

A. plasmid (genetic material)B. Cell wallC. flagellum D. pili

III. Bacterial “Reproduction”

A. Asexual reproductionB. Conjugation

1. transfer of genetic material plasmid b/w bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact

conjugation bridge

TEM; magnification 6000x

IV. Bacteria Becoming HarmfulA. Normally harmless bacteria can become

destructive. 1. immune system may be lowered

Acne

Lyme Disease

Tooth Decay

V. Antibiotics

A. Used to fight Bacterial infectionsB. Antibiotics may stop bacterial cell wall

formationC. Antibiotics do not work on virusesD. Prevention is best method to fight bacterial

disease

VI. Bacterial Resistance

A. Bacteria are gaining resistance to antibiotics1. overuse 2. underuse 3. misuse

B. Antibiotics must be used properly

BrainPOP Bacteria

http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/bacteria/

http://www.brainpop.com/health/diseasesinjuriesandconditions/antibioticresistance/preview.weml

Bubonic Plague Song

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZQ

Bill Nye- Germs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HS9L6zRO084