Unit 1: Matter and Energy in Living

Systems

Unit Starter

5/1/19 DO NOW

•PAGE 3 UNIT STARTER

•VIEW THE DIAGRAM

•ANSWER QUESTION # 1

1

2

3

4

5

Think, Pair,

Share

• Working with a partner.

• Think about and identify 3 – 5 other organisms that might live in the pond.

• Discuss the feeding relationships of these living things in the pond ecosystem.

Page 5

Matter and Energy in Organisms

Exploration 1:

Describing Matter and Energy in Organisms

What is Matter?

• Matter is anything that has

volume and mass.

• Matter is made of atoms

• Living or Nonliving.

• Energy can hold matter

together or break it apart

States of Matter

Living things need matter to live because it provides them with materials needed to make food

What do you think matter is used for?

Matter is made of Atoms.

• Matter is used to build bodies. It's also needed to carry out the processes of life.

• An atom is the smallest particle of any kind of matter

• Building blocks

An atom consists of a

•Nucleus ( protons and neutrons) • electrons in space around the

nucleus.

The Atom

Nucleus

Electron cloud

The Language of ChemistryCHEMICAL ELEMENTS -

• pure substances that cannot be broken down by ordinary means to other substances.

SodiumBromine

Aluminum

There are 100 types + Elements

AN ATOM of an element

is the smallest particle of that element

Al atoms make up the element aluminum.

What is the smallest part of the element bromine?

AlBr

Samples of elements

The red compound is composed of• nickel (Ni) (silver)• carbon (C) (black)• hydrogen (H) (white)• oxygen (O) (red)• nitrogen (N) (blue)

COMPOUNDS: are composed of 2 or more different types of atoms. Different types of elements combined.

Chemical compounds

2 or more elements chemically combined to form a new substance with new properties

Sodium

(Na)Chlorine

(Cl)

•Ex table salt (NaCl)

Chemical compounds

• The two or more elements are in a fixed ratio

• 1 atom of Na joins with

• 1 atom of Cl

• Forms a molecule of the compound NaCl (table salt)

Sodium (Na)Chlorine (Cl)

MOLECULE group of atoms held together by the chemical bond, chemical bonds stores energy.

Molecules are the smallest parts of a compound.

H2O C8H10N4O2 - caffeine

Covalent Bonds Form when two or more

atoms SHARE electrons

Matter and Energy in Organisms

Do Now: pg. 6-8 Questions 2-5

Page 6

GreenBlue

Red

Energy• The ability to cause change

• In many forms:

❖ light energy from sun

❖ energy stored in bonds of food molecules (chemical energy)

❖ heat energy.

How DO Organisms get Energy?

• All organisms need energy to live and grow

Producers: (autotrophs)

• Make their own food

Consumers: (heterotrohps)

• Get food from other living things

Decomposers:

• Get food from dead organisms & break it down

ProducersPlants, algae, and some

bacteria:

• Use energy from Sunlight to make sugar

• Take matter from soil and air: water & carbon dioxide

• Use sugar as food.

• Breakdown sugar to get energy (used for life processes)

Consumers:

• Organisms that get energy and matter by eating other organisms.

• Herbivores: consumers that eat only plants

• Carnivores: consumer that eat other animals

• Omnivores: consumers that eat both plants and animals

DecomposersEarth’s recyclers

• Organisms that gets energy and matter by breaking down the remains of other organisms that have died.

• Use the bodies of other organisms as source of matter and energy

• Ex: fungi, bacteria, earthworms, slugs

Conservationof

Energy andMatter

• Energy and matter cannot be created or destroyed

• Matter is limited.

• The flow of energy drives the cycling of matter through different parts of the environment.

Chemical Reactions

Process in which atoms are rearranged to produce new substances

What is Photosynthesis?A chemical reaction in which light energy is converted to chemical energy in

the form of glucose

Plants make their own food.

Where does photosynthesis occur?

•Photosynthesis occurs in the leaves of a plant.

What is needed for photosynthesis to occur?

•Light.

•The plant’s leaves use the light to make a sugar: glucose.

Why do plants need glucose?Glucose is the food for the plant. It gives the plant energy to grow.

How much glucose does a plant make?

• Plants make enough glucose to be used during the night and on cloudy days when they don’t get sunlight.

• The extra glucose is stored in the plant’s leaves and other parts as starch.

What is the Equation for the Chemical Reaction of Photosynthesis?

EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS

6CO2 + 6H2O +ENERGY C6H12O6 + 6O2

CARBON

DIOXIDE

WATER

GLUCOSE

OXYGEN

What is the equation for the chemical reaction of photosynthesis?

Six molecules of carbon dioxide react with six

molecules of water to form 1 molecule of glucose

and six molecules of oxygen.

Describe Photosynthesis

• The process of changing light energy to chemical energy

• Energy stored in sugar

• Plants and algae

• Plants need: light energy, CO2, and H2O

• Takes place in the chloroplasts, using chlorophyll, (green pigment in plants)

What happens during photosynthesis?

What happens during photosynthesis?

Plants capture light energy and use that energy to make glucose

Sunlight provides the energy needed by chlorophyll to change molecules of CO2 and H2O into glucose

Oxygen is released.

Reactants

Products

Page 33

Cellular Respiration

• The breakdown of glucose molecules to release energy

• Takes place in all living things (Mitochondria)

What is the chemical

equation for cellular

respiration?

EQUATION FOR RESPIRATION

C6H12O6 +

GLUCOSE +

6O2

OXYGEN

6CO2 +

CARBON

DIOXIDE

6H2O + ENERGY

+ WATER + ATP

PhotosynthesisVS

Respiration

Overview of photosynthesis and respiration

PHOTOSYNTHESIS CELLACTIVITIES

RESPIRATION

SUN

RADIANT

ENERGY

GLUCOSE ATP(ENERGY)

Photosynthesis &

Respiration

Page 36