Unit 1 Colonial EraGuiding questions: Why did people go to North America?

Where did they get their ideas of early democracy?

Grade _____ Teacher’s Initials ____

Though Columbus was not the first to discover the New World, his landing in the New World in 1492 is important: it ushered in an era of unprecedented European exploration and settlement of the Americas. This period is known as the Age of Exploration. During this age, European explorers searched for trade routes, overseas wealth, and adventure. Technological innovations spurred the exploration boom. A “maritime revolution” in Europe saw the invention of the astrolabe, a device used to determine latitude; the caravel, an large ship of unprecedented speed; and the magnetic compass.The individual explorers often get the glory, but it is more important that you know the broader context: the nations that sponsored those explorers; the reasons those nations were so interested in exploring and settling the New World; and the geographical territories that each nation claimed as its own.

The Spanish monarchy began the Age of Exploration when it sponsored Christopher Columbus’s journey westward, across the Atlantic Ocean, in search of Asia. Columbus failed to reach Asia, landing instead on the Bahama Islands in 1492. He returned to the New World in 1493 and established the settlement of Santo Domingo as a base for further exploration.

Use Comprehension Tools: Dictionary, Textbook

1. Take Notes 2. Answer Questions

Second Reading: Mark the Text1. Number Paragraphs

2.Underline Main Ideas

3. Highlight Key Terms, People, Places, Dates

First Reading: Pencils DownPencils Down

The Age of Exploration

8.2.A - identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America

Mark The Text

European superpowers: Spain, France, The Netherlands, England

In North America, Spain initially proved just as dominant. Ponce de Leon claimed Florida for Spain in 1513, and Hernando de Soto led a Spanish exploration of the southeastern United States in 1539, discovering the Mississippi River. In 1565, Spain established the first successful European settlement in North America—a fortress in St. Augustine, Florida. Around the turn of the seventeenth century, Spanish settlers moved into the Southwest, establishing the colony of Santa Fe in 1610. In an effort to maintain control of North America, the Spanish attacked many British and French settlements and destroyed forts. Spain saw its claim on Florida as particularly important in the effort to diminish English and French expansion southward.

8.2.A - identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America

As you read, consider: What about England?

France also played a strong role in the New World, though its efforts were mainly confined to North America. The French led the charge to find a Northwest Passage, a much-hoped-for water route through which ships might be able to cross the Americas to access Asia. In three voyages between 1534 and 1542, French explorer Jacques Cartier traveled the St. Lawrence River as far as Montreal. The Northwest Passage eluded him (it doesn’t exist), but his explorations established France’s early dominance of North America’s major waterways. In 1562, French settlers briefly and unsuccessfully attempted to settle in what is now South Carolina, and in 1564, the Spanish attacked and destroyed a French settlement near Jacksonville, Florida. Despite its failures, France continued to be a major player in North America. Most notably, the French engaged in the highly profitable fur trade, setting up trading outposts throughout Newfoundland, Maine, and regions farther west. The Dutch East India Company became interested in North American settlement in 1609, when Henry Hudson sailed up the river that now carries his name. In 1625, the Dutch bought Manhattan island from the natives who lived there and established the settlement of New Amsterdam at the mouth of the Hudson River. While the colony flourished on account of the fur trade, the Dutch did little to expand their landholdings beyond their domain around the Hudson. A European conflict between England and the Netherlands spread to the New World in 1664, during which the English took over New Amsterdam, renaming it New York. After 1664, Dutch influence waned.

Compared to other European powers, England got a relatively late start in the exploration and colonization of the New World. True, King Henry VII of England did send explorer John Cabot across the Atlantic in 1497, and Cabot claimed Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and the Grand Banks for England. But after Cabot’s efforts, the English became more concerned with domestic issues and generally ceased exploring. For much of the sixteenth century, England had no real presence in the New World.

8.2.A - identify reasons for European exploration and colonization of North America

Answer the question

Cite (evidence, quotes, factual details, historical observations,

Explain Put in context, make inferences, Describe, draw conclusions

ACE Writing Prompt: Why Did People From Europe Go to North America?

Rights Responsibilities

If you were the leader of the colony…Grade _____(DBQ)/____(R&Rs) Teacher’s Initials ____

Talk like a scholarPrimary Source, Secondary Source

8.19.D - identify examples of responsible citizenship, including obeying rules and laws, staying informed on public issues, voting, and serving on juries

DBQ What kind of colonial government did the Mayflower pilgrims want to set up?

Having undertaken, for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith and honor of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents solemnly and mutually in the presence of God, and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions and offices, from time to time as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the Colony: unto which we promise all due submission and obedience.

Mayflower Compact, 1620

Talk like a scholarExcerpt, Interpret

• King must now get _________________________.

• Two important aspects of the Magna Carta:• there must be a _____________ governing how the King and ____________ will deal with each other.

• the King is _____________________ and that he is _______________________ that limits his ____________.

• first _________________ government appears in _______.

• Burgess = _____________________________________

• House of Burgesses imposed _____ and ran the __________

• It was modeled after _____________________________.

• Pilgrims arrive near the _____________ Coast agree to write a contract that allows for ___________________.

• The Mayflower Compact promised that every adult male ______________ for the Governor and his advisors on a yearly basis.

• It supports the idea of ________________.

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• First written _______________ in North America. It was the work of a Puritan clergyman, __________________________

• It was an outline for ______________________. The well being of the community came before the individual.

• __________________ elected a governor, assistants, and a legislative assembly to _______________for the community.

•Monarchs William of Orange and Mary agree that the _______________________________have more power under the English Bills of rights than the _________________.•Parliament agrees on ______ not the king•Raise _______•Parliament okays the raising of an ________ •Parliament and public have free _________ against the _________________/

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• King appoints the ___________ in his place

• Governor had ____________________

• Assemblies made _____, passed ________ paid governor’s ______ which made the governor ______ to the assemblies

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Great Awakening

Enlightenment

Where did they get theirIdeas about democracy?

8.25.B - describe religious motivation for immigration and influence on social movements, including the impact of the first and second Great Awakenings,

8.3.A - explain the reasons for the growth of representative government and institutions during the colonial period

Graphic Organizer- Enlightenment/Great Awakening

Think and circle! 8.3.A - explain the reasons for the growth of representative government and institutions during the colonial period

Long distances between England and the Colonies

Made it hard for England toEffectively govern

Colonists considered themselvesEnglishmen and thereforeEntitled to the Englishmen’s Bill of Rights

Need for law making

structure

Considered it their “religious freedom”

The King encouraged it!

It was good for trade

To keep slavery legal

To make each colony unique

New England Colonies pressured Southern colonies into setting up

Representative governments

Why did the colonists Establish their own

Representative governments?

Answer the question

Cite (evidence, quotes, factual details, historical observations,

Explain Put in context, make inferences, Describe, draw conclusions

ACE Writing Prompt: Were the colonists justified in believing democracy was their right? 8.3.A - explain the reasons for the growth of representative government and institutions during the colonial period

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8.12.A - identify economic differences among different regions of the United States8.2.B - compare political, economic, religious, and social reasons for the establishment of the 13 English colonies

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U1 Study Guide

Establishing Colonies Religious and Political Freedom Economic Opportunity (mercantilism and opportunity to own land) Settlement of the American Colonies New England (CT, NH, MA, RI): settled by Pilgrims (Separatists) and Puritans (Reformers) in 1620 to escape religious persecution in England (Church of England/Anglicans) Middle Colonies (NY, NJ, PA, DE): NY was important trading area, William Penn founded PA for religious freedom (Quakers) Southern Colonies (VA, NC, MD, SC, GA): Maryland founded by Catholics feeling religious persecution, GA was created for debtors

1607 — Jamestown is founded: 1st Permanent English Settlement, (to make money, it was a business)1620 — Plymouth was founded: Pilgrims travelled to Plymouth and signed the Mayflower Compact to establish self-government (for religious freedom)

Slavery Established The need for cheap laborers to grow cash crops encouraged white settlers to use African slaves. Farmers grew crops on plantations in the south. Farmers used slaves to do the work so they could produce the cash crops cheaply. Invention of cotton gin in 1793 made it even easier and cheaper to grow cotton. This required more slaves to help the farmers grow it. As America acquired new territories, slavery became a controversial issue.

Thomas Hooker — Founder of the state of Connecticut, “Father of American Democracy. William Penn — Established Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers. He sup-ported freedom of worship, welcomed immigrants, and did not require residents to serve in a militia. Anne Hutchinson — Banished from Massachusetts colony; one of the founders of Rhode Island Roger Williams – Founder of Rhode IslandLord Baltimore - founded Maryland for religious freedom for CatholicsJohn Smith - takes over Jamestown; “he that shall not work, shall not eat”Pocahontas – Daughter of the Powhatan chief nearby Jamestown, married off to Englishman John Rolfe

Exploration and Colonial Era 1492-1763

Triangle Trade

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Key Places

Key Places

Key Dates

Key People

RegionsNew England- subsistence farming, timber and ship building, fishing and whaling, manufacturing Rocky soil Middle- farmed wheat, oat, barley and rye, called the “Bread-Basket Colonies”, some tradeSouthern- farmed tobacco, rice, indigo, and cotton, grew “cash crops” on plantations (slavery

U1 Study GuideExploration and Colonial Era

1492-1763

Early Beginnings of Representative Government The colonies needed to develop their own laws to keep peace and order since they were so far away from England. The colonists were familiar with English traditions and used those as a basis for their structure. Examples of early representative governments included these historical Documents: o Magna Carta, 1215, limited the power of the King of England. Inspired the idea that the power of the central government should be limited. o Mayflower Compact, 1620, an agreement signed by the men of the Mayflower to establish self-government and majority rule. o English Bill of Rights, 1689, listed individual right. Used as a model for the US Bill of Rights. o Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639, first written constitution in the colonies. The people elected governors, judges, and a legislature.

Columbian Exchange

Mercantilism England controlled colonial trade, economic policy – colonies exist (send raw materials) to benefit the mother countryExport – goods sent out of a country Import – goods brought into a country Triangular Trade o Colonial trade route between New England, the West Indies & Africa (pg. 122 in textbook) Great Awakening o Religious movement that spread through the colonies in the 1730s & 1740s spread democratic feelings throughout the colonies Enlightenment o Movement in Europe in the 1600s & 1700s that emphasized the use of reason Enlightenment thinkers: John Locke & the Baron de Montesquieu

Key Terms

Key Places

Exploration Reasons for exploration: Religion (God) Wealth (Gold) Fame and International recognition (Glory) Leads to discovery of North America and eventually colonization

1. Which of the following best explains the question mark in the diagram above?

a. Create a general council to manage the colonies

b. Experienced strict control by Parliament c. Established their own representative

institutionsd. Appointed governors who reported to the

king

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Distance from Great Britain

Need for law

making structure

Traditional Rights

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Practice Questions for U1 Test2. Which of these was a factor that led to the development of the plantation system in the South?

A. The climate, triangle trade and large cash crops like rice, indigo and cotton

B. The Columbian Exchange and the climate.

C. Whaling, the timber industry and natural resources like iron ore

D. Triangle trade, back country life and ship building4. “For the well governing of this

province and territories there shall be an Assembly yearly chosen by the freeman thereof to consist of four persons out of each county…” -William Penn, Pennsylvania Charter of Privilege, 1701

Which feature of colonial self-government does this charter establish?A. Direct DemocracyB. An elected legislatureC. Legalized slaveryD. Religious freedom

3. The puritans came to live in America for the purpose of…

A. Establishing new religious communitiesB. Creating economic opportunities for EnglandC. Preventing Spain from establishing its own

coloniesD. Growing new types of crops in the fertile soil