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Disaster Management Ten Years after the Devastation

Jakarta – As one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world, Indonesia has developed a wealth of expertise, along with a very complex set of challenges, in disaster management. Recent eruptions in Mount Sinabung and the relentless forest fires in Sumatra have also put the media spotlight on Indonesia’s natural and manmade disasters – both in terms of people’s health and for their economic impact.“Economic losses from forest fires the 2014 Riau ‘haze’ episodes alone is 30 trillion IDR (2.61 billion USD) -- even bigger than the Aceh tsunami,” said the

Spokesman for Indonesia’s National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB), Sutopo Purwo Nugroho, at a recent panel discussion organized by the Jakarta Foreign Correspondents Club (JFCC).Some 100 million Indonesians live in areas prone to natural disasters, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and floods, according to BNPB. Data from the UN’s International Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction (UN-ISDR) shows that Indonesia ranks first out 265 countries in terms of human exposure to tsunami hazard, and first out of 162 countries for human exposures to landslides. With 127 active volcanoes strung across the Indonesian archipelago, many observers are wondering about the Indonesia’s state of preparedness when the next large-scale disaster strikes.These discussion are taking on a special significance as the 10th anniversary of the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami come up later this year, an occasion to mark both the significant achievements of Indonesia’s disaster management experience, together with its international partners, and to emphasize the continued need for preparedness.One difficulty is that many disaster management experiences are not

replicable. “We have a lot of experience in volcanic eruptions, but don’t have a single model that can be replicated in different scenarios” Pak Sutopo said. “There are can be no textbook approach. There are too many variables in the Indonesian context,” he added.Special challenges for Indonesia, he said, currently include the constant turnover in disaster managers at the local level, an issue that BNPB would like to address as a matter of priority; a continued high rate of environmental degradation (including forest loss); a high population concentration, particularly in Java; commercial development of high-risk vulnerability areas by regional authorities, with weak law enforcement; and climate change.“The 2004 tsunami was the second real wake-up call in the history of our nation,” Sutopo said, referring to the first one as having taken place back in 1928 with the Youth Pledge (Sumpah Pemuda). “Leadership has been key, and under President Yudhoyono we have increased funding for disaster management by 3,000%, and built a complete system for disaster management through the national agency,” Sutopo said.“On relief efforts, Indonesia has done quite well,” said United Nations

UN IN INDONESIA

IN THIS ISSUE• Tsunami+10

• Interview with Titi Moektijasih

• Innovation• Activate Talks• Q&A with Sally Jackson,

Pulse Lab Jakarta• UN Calendar App

• Disabilities in the Workplace • Rwanda Genocide

Commemoration• Remembrance of Slavery

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Continued on page 2

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Tsunami+10: Commitment, Resilience, and Knowledge

A combination photo shows (top) a man (L) who lost his three sisters, and his wife, standing in the ruins of their house in Kathaluwa which was devastated by the 2004 tsunami, and (bottom) a family walking past homes built for tsunami victims at a development in Kathaluwa in 2009.

Photos: REUTERS/Yves Herman/Andrew Caballero-Reynolds

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4 Q&A with Titi Moektijasih Humanitarian Affairs Analyst, UN OCHA

Q: Tell me a little bit about yourself and how you found yourself in Aceh in 2004. A: I was born in Bogor, but we are from Central Java. I studied at Tarakanita Secretarial Academy in Jakarta then worked in French company. Then I worked at UNDP for two years and UNICEF from 1991-2001. Afterward, I started my master’s in management at UI, and became a florist. I own my own flower shop. At that time I saw OCHA advertise for a post in Aceh, three times. Thinking that OCHA was desperately in need, I applied out of curiosity and in one month I got the job. I have been working for OCHA since 2003 as Coordination Officer, beginning in Aceh. I was in Aceh until 30 December 2004. Since then this position title has changed to Liaison and Coordination Officer, then to Humanitarian Affairs Analyst but the work that I do is the same. Q: What was your role? A: My role was to facilitate coordination from international organizations, to update situation reports, to see what we can do. I had to compile information, advocate to those who can give support or aid. At that time, the military operation area (daerah operasi militer/DOM) had been changed to civil emergency (darurat sipil) which allowed certain NGOs to do their micro-economic livelihood projects.

Development Programme Assistant Country Manager, Kristanto Sinandang, who heads UNDP’s Crisis Prevention and Recovery Unit, adding that “on recovery, we would like to pay more attention.”

“The international community and the government of Indonesia are focused on more of a community-based approach in determining recovery needs,” Kristanto said, adding that UNDP is working with BNPB on “human recovery needs assessments” that complement more conventional assessments focused on infrastructure needs. UNDP's Disaster Recovery Index is a good example of a tool that allows Government agencies to measure their progress in human development terms, Kristanto said, and “Indonesia is the first country to develop some of these indicators and tools,” he added.Key elements for the tenth anniversary of the Tsunami, form the Government’s perspective, will be to showcase Indonesia’s resilience in the face of crisis, and to leverage momentum for Indonesia on disaster risk reduction efforts.At a recent meeting at BNPB, the story of Indonesia’s disaster management experience was seen as developing over three phases:First, the period of the “disaster marketplace” (2004-2009), during which the commitment to disaster management was built through the establishment of the national agency and the laws on disaster management and spatial planning (UU no. 24 / 2007 on “Disaster management” and UU no.26/ 2007 on “Spacial Planning.”) “We acted immediately to implement the Hyogo Framework of Action,” Pak Sutopo says, in reference to the 10-year plan endorsed by the UN General Assembly in 2005 to make the world safer from natural hazards.Second, the “disaster management foundations” period (2010-2014) during which the tsunami master plan was developed, President Yudhoyono was

recognized UN Champion of Disaster Risk Reduction DRR and Indonesia functioned as a disaster research lab. “ASEAN context, countries come to Indonesia to learn from us,” Pak Sutopo says, adding that one example of Indonesia’s contribution to knowledge transfer on is the assistance given by Indonesia to Myanmar for developing its own legal framework on disaster management. "We have a strong coordination mechanism – all has to be done through BNPB, and for international community, it has to go through UN OCHA (Office of Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs) to make sure that the assistance fits the need on the ground,” Pak Sutopo says.The third phase (2015-2019) is Indonesia’s aspiration of becoming a global “centre of knowledge for disaster management,”  as its successes in Aceh and elsewhere have become part of the country’s “soft diplomacy.” Among the activities that are being envisaged for the tenth anniversary are the strengthening of the current knowledge centres on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and the complete the exhibits in the Tsunami Museum in Aceh.

Stakeholders for the 10th anniversary activities will include the Indonesian National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB), the National Platform for DRR (Planas PRB), the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP), the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM), the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), the State Ministry of Research and Technology (Ristek), the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas), the Aceh Provincial Government, and the President's Delivery Unit for Development Monitoring and Oversight (UKP4),  in addition to Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Pacific Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System (ICG/PTWS), United Nations agencies, and other international community partners. Additional national partners currently include Galeri Foto Jurnalistik Antara in Jakarta, the Tempo Media Group, and the NGO Dompet Dhuafa.

Tsunami+10 Continued from page 1

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Q: What were the professional challenges? A: Building trust. They knew I was not Acehnese. I had to throw away my identity and become Acehnese.Q: What happened when the Tsunami struck? A: I lived around four kilometres from the beach. After the first earthquake, I went outside and talked to people. They said there was a building not far away from our place that had crumbled. I went back to my room to pack my bag then ran with other people. At that time I realized that in that kind of situation, when you want to save yourself, you should not use transportation because it kills people. I began to see the water coming after us and I got pushed to higher ground, and grabbed ahold of a fence. The bigger waves surged and knocked me unconscious. When I woke up, I was on top of a plank of wood with my foot squashed between trees, and thinking that I was not on earth anymore. But I realized I was alive when I heard all the noises around me: children crying, people asking for help. I saw a three-floor building, and managed to make my way there and to helped the injured people. The next day I went to a mosque to get some food and check if they had a toilet. It was clogged. I realized then that when disaster strikes, the first thing people should pay attention to is water, sanitation and hygiene. Everyday there were aftershocks, which kept us awake and always ready to run for safety. Most of the stores and big supermarket surrounding the grand mosque were looted. I didn’t have a change of clothes until the third day when I borrowed a mobile from a journalist to inform my colleague in Jakarta and my clothes tContinued on page 4

Interview with Titi Moektijasih Continued from page 2

Jakarta - “Activate Talks” are a series of events featuring inspirational speakers and innovations for children, part of UNICEF’s initiatives for 2014  (the Year of Innovation for Children) as we approach the 25th anniversary of the Convention on the Rights of the Child later this year.In Indonesia, the series kicked off with "Achieving Equity: Innovation for Indonesian Children,” an event at Erasmus Huis in Jakarta featuring Anis Baswedan, the initiator and chairman of the NGO Indonesia Mengajar (Teaching Indonesia) that works towards making education accessible to remote parts of the country; Toshi Nakamura, the 39 year old co-founder of the non-profit organization Kopernik, a technology   marketplace for the developing world, Dr. Aziz, a well-known social activist and medical doctor who spent years improve the lives of young   children  in North Maluku by successfully linking malaria control programmes with   community empowerment and economic schemes; Mia Sutanto, a leading advocate of   breast feeding for children, who launched Indonesia’s first mother-to-mother support groups to promote peer exchange of information on breastfeeding; and Tri Mumpuni, whose work in the area of sustainable energy for local communities has become a benchmark of excellence in development.

ACHIEVING EQUITY: Innovation for Indonesian Children

Tired of the same old holidays on the calendar? UN observances promote the awareness of and action on important political, social, cultural, humanitarian, and human rights issues.

The UN Calendar app features interactive components about UN achievements, links to related videos and photos, and options for sharing information via social networking sites. The “UN Calendar of Observances: Making a Difference” app is available to download only from iTunes in all six official UN languages as well as Bahasa Indonesia. An Android version is in development for release soon.

UN Calendar App: Now Available in Bahasa Indonesia!

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family that I am alive. On the fourth day, I met colleagues from OCHA to help a little kid whose lungs were full of water and couldn’t be admitted to hospital. On 30 December, I flew myself back to Jakarta.Q: What did you do when you come back to Jakarta? A: I secluded myself for one month because I didn’t want to hear people asking me lightly and joke about my experience in the Aceh Tsunami. It made me angry, I hated people for asking me those questions. I didn’t think that I was traumatized. I came into the office with a ticket to Aceh in my hand. I loved working in Aceh, there were a lot of things I could do on the ground and I wanted to help them directly. But the head of my office in Jakarta told me to meet the stress counselor and after talking, I was convinced that I should work in Jakarta instead. Q: Can you describe what you remember the most vividly? A: When I couldn’t run and realized this might be time for me to die, I surrendered. All my experiences in life vanished in a few seconds. Q: What is the value – to Indonesia – of the UN experience in humanitarian coordination? A: Our main job is to coordinate emergency response. Government wants to know who are international actors involved. We help to collecting information and in coordination through clusters. Coordination is easy to say but hard to do. It is a skill that you learn by doing. In Indonesia, authorities are used to giving commands, but coordination is about persuasion. So we help to bring consensus.This interview is the first in a series of talks with UN Indonesia staff for the 10th anniversary of the Indian Ocean tsunami.

Q&A with Sally JacksonMonitoring and Evaluation Specialist Pulse Lab Jakarta

Q: You're an expert in Monitoring  & Evaluation (M&E). In a nutshell, why is M&E important?A: Monitoring allows us to continuously measure and document our progress so that we know if we are meeting our project’s objectives. The idea is that if we do this and see our project has gone off track, that we can take early corrective action. Evaluation is done to assess whether our project has met the objectives that it set out to. It is important for improving policy and practice and accountability.Q: Everyone is talking about innovation in the context of development. What innovations do you see as having potential for M&E in development and humanitarian emergencies?A: One of the innovations is big data. Digital data is continuously being generated as a result of our day-to-day activities. When combined with traditional M&E methods (“snapshot” data such as household surveys), these additional data sources have the potential to provide development planners with a more complete picture of a situation.Other innovations include things like crowd sourcing, which has been used to great effect. Here in Jakarta, a new project called PetaJakarta (Map Jakarta) is using Tweets about flooding to map floods in real-time, and provide the

information for residents. The Government of Indonesia provides a service called ‘Lapor!’ that enables people to register complaints about public services using mobile phone SMS and apps, and websites. Another way of getting information is through putting sensors on infrastructure, or items like hand washing stations, to learn about how they are actually being used.Q: Big data has featured prominently when talking about new ways of approaching development -- but now some say that big data can't deliver on the high expectations that have been created.  What are your thoughts about this? A: There has been a lot of hype about big data. I recently read an article in The Economist about the big data backlash [SJ2]. Now people are asking questions - they want to know what can big data actually do? At the moment, in the public sector, both the proponents and the naysayers are largely making arguments that are based on theory – but there are plenty of situations in which big data is being used effectively in the private sector. We need to build a body of practice in the public sector, so that we can work out what is and what is not possible – and that’s why we have the lab here in Jakarta.  Christian Bason of MindLab phrased it well when he said “make the future concrete by undertaking experiments” [SJ3].Q: Can big data help improve development targets M&E as we move toward the post-2015 development agenda?A: In a recent interview [SJ4] with UN Radio, Deborah Rugg, who chairs the evaluation group in the UN system, pointed out that that there is a need for continuous information for mid-course corrections – as opposed to finding out that interventions failed once it’s too late.  She said, “We don’t want to wait 10 years to find out we haven’t achieved our goals.” Mid-term monitoring using big data is one way that we could potentially get low cost information in close to real-time for the post-2015 development agenda.

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Q: Where is the greatest potential for using innovative M&E in support of Indonesia's development priorities, do you think?A: Together with the national government partners and agencies, we have identified a number of thematic priority areas: public service delivery monitoring, maternal mortality, and deforestation. We now want to focus on specific projects

and are calling on agencies working in many different areas of development to get involved in some new projects with us.Q: What is your interest in this work?A: To improve the data that is available for decision-making.

Water and Energy

Jakarta - Has it ever occurred to us to celebrate water as the key to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)? This year’s World Water Day commemoration in Jakarta did exactly that, focusing on the interdependence of energy production and water management in an online live lecture at Atma Jaya University.“From food to malaria, water is the key,” said Hubert Gijzen, Director  of UNESCO Regional Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific.Water and energy are closely interlinked and interdependent. In order to generate and transmit energy, water is also needed, particularly for hydroelectric, nuclear, and thermal energy sources. Conversely, about 8 percent of the global energy generation is used for pumping, treating and transporting water to various consumers. “Thirty-three percent of achievement of the MDGs depends on the water,” said Gijzen. Ari Setiadi Murwanto, Director of Water Resources Utilization Ministry of Public Works said that while Indonesia has 131 rivers it only uses about 6 percent of them. Water, food, and energy are related to one another, so they must be managed properly. "The government is responsible for the management of rivers and, of course, needs the support from the public,” he said.

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UN Asia and the Pacific Report on Youth Opinion PollAre you between 15 and 29 years old and from the Asia-Pacific region? We want to know what matters to you!Your answers will help inform the first-ever United Nations Asia and the Pacific Report on Youth!Through this opinion poll, we want to know:• The major issues affecting you• How you are participating in local, national and regional development processes; and• Your aspirations for the future.The poll will be available online until June 15, 2014, and can be completed in Bahasa Indonesia, Burmese, Chinese,  English, Filipino, Khmer, Korean, Thai, and Vietnamese.Have your say and help make this a report by youth, for youth!

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Jakarta - As many as one out of seven people in the world may be living with some form of disability at some point in their life, according to an international survey by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank. Here in Indonesia, estimates on disability can vary greatly.  More than 11 million Indonesians were considered disabled in 2010, according to a study by the Ministry of Social Affairs, (other estimates put the figure as high as 10 percent of Indonesia’s population, or 24 million people).

What’s certain is this: most of the persons with disabilities are of working age, and there is a law in Indonesia (UU No.4/1997) that requires state and private companies to set aside one job for every 100 employees for the disabled. The problem? Most companies are unaware that this law even exists.Yudhi Hermawan, 19-years old, is one of the many visually impaired people who struggles to find a job. He once attended a job fair in Jakarta where not a single company, out of thousands represented there, would even consider his application. Hermawan's misadventures at the job fair were recently featured in a film, Job (un)fair, a collaboration between the International Labour Organization (ILO) and Yayasan Halaman Foundation (YKH) which aims to raise awareness of challenges faced by persons with disabilities when seeking employment, "The blind can do more than just massage or be a musician,’ says Aris, a visually impaired 28-year old who is also featured in the documentary. “We have

various skills, we can be a writer or even a computer programmer, and some of us are now well-known lecturers at famous universities," Aris says.ILO and YKH have held video screenings of Job (un)fair in a number of cities, including Jakarta, Yogyakarta, and Surabaya. "The ILO trusts that these participatory videos will provide further awareness of disability and a sense of priority in the public, in particular among decision-makers," states Michiko Miyamoto, Deputy Director of ILO in Indonesia. Once employers understand the regulation, the reactions of companies have been quite positive resulting in some employers voluntarily increasing their quota to 2 percent or even more.The law holds great potential for generating employment for persons with disabilities, says Peter van Rooij, Director of ILO in Indonesia. “There are 2 million jobs in the garment industry in Indonesia. If all employers in that industry observed the 1 percent quota, that would create 20,000 new jobs for disabled persons, mostly young women,” van Rooij.

Indonesia ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2011. Under the Convention, UN Member States accept  to take measures to prevent persons with disabilities from being subjected to inhuman or degrading treatment, to ensure their personal mobility and prohibit discrimination concerning all forms of employment.

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Remembering the Rwanda Genocide, in IndonesiaJakarta - Remembering the tragic events of 20 years ago, the Day of Remembrance of the Victims of the Rwanda Genocide was held for the first time by the UN in Indonesia with a seminar hosted by UNIC Jakarta on Tuesday, April 8, 2014.  Speakers included Artanti Wardhani, lecturer at the Department of International Relations at the University of Indonesia; Myrta Kaulard, Country Director of the World Food Programme (WFP) in Indonesia, who served in the Great Lakes region as a junior officer in 1994; and Haris Azhar, the National Executive Coordinator of the Commission for the Disappeared” and Victims of Violence, also known as KontraS.Artanti Wardhani delivered a historical overview of the circumstances leading up to the Rwandan genocide, and of the measures taken – and not taken – during and after the mass killings. Reconciliation focuses on reconstructing the Rwandan identity,” Wardhani said, “balancing justice, truth, peace, and security to heal the wounds of the genocide.”In April 1994, Myrta Kaulard was a young professional at the beginning of her UN career, posted in neighbouring Burundi. As the killings started in Rwanda, a Bosnian priest sheltered some of the Tutsi in his parish but soon ran out of food. He came to WFP in Burundi to ask for emergency supplies, which were quickly dispatched, with Kaulard assigned to the delivery mission. She saw what she described as “inhumane” crowds: “drunk, drugged, their faces covered with masks from banana trees, holding bows and arrows, and looking for bodies.” Kaulard recalled one night when she could not sleep because of the sound of what she perceived to be the howling of wolves or dogs – this was the sound of Hutus militias beginning their nighttime hunt for Tutsis. Kaulard ended her recollections by appealing for the need for constant vigilance against the exploitation of the very brutal elements that are hidden inside every human being. Haris Azhar spoke at length about the implications of the Rwanda experience for Indonesia, highlighting the need to come to terms with the mass killings of 1965-66 as well as the need to end impunity for hate crimes. One conclusion that could be drawn, he said, was that national frameworks must be strengthened to uphold the rule of law and guarantee people’s access to justice. Human rights should not come after genocide. They should be used as a prevention mechanism,” Azhar said, emphasizing the need for nation-wide education on human rights to address racism and discrimination and to prevent violence.A short video produced by UN Regional Information Centre in Brussels as part of the “7 Billion Others Campaign,” featuring a perpetrator of the killings in Rwanda and two survivors, concluded the event.

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Slavery: Is it History?

Bandung, West Java - More than 15 million men, women, and children died as a result of the global slave trade over period of more than 300 years, but those victims are now being honored throughout the world, and the achievements of their descendants celebrated, thanks to a 17 December 2007 resolution by the United Nations General Assembly. Here in Indonesia, the UN's International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade was celebrated for the first time on 11 April 2014, in the building that most represents solidarity between Asian and African nations -- the Gedung Konferensi Asia-Africa, home to the 1955 Conference in Bandung that gave birth to the Non-Aligned Movement.United Nations Information Centre - Jakarta, in partnership with Parahyangan Catholic University,  and with the collaboration of the United Nations agency for Education, Science and Culture (UNESCO), organized a film screening and discussion on 11 April to mark the observation.

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The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the United Nations. The information herein may be freely reproduced. UN IN INDONESIA is

published electronically by the United Nations Information Centre, Jakarta. e-mail: unic.jakarta@unic.org

May1: Humanitarian Civil-Military Training Course [UNOCHA]1-3: 16th Session of the World Meteorological Organization Regional Association V (RAV-16) in Jakarta3-6: World Press Freedom Day [UNESCO]4-5: Abu Dhabi Ascent4-17: United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination - Asia-Pacific Training [UNOCHA]5: “MDGs - What’s Next?” - a Lecture at Universitas Udayana for Pertemuan Sela Nasional Mahasiswa Hubungan Internasional Indonesia (PSNMHII) XXVI in Denpasar, Bali5: SAVE LIVES: Clean Your Hands [WHO]5-6: Forests Asia Summit in Jakarta5-11: MY World Global Week of Action7: Workshop on “Building a Business for REDD+”7: UNDP Partner Appreciation “transforming Lives Together”7: Launching of Disability Module in Hotel Borobudur, Jakarta [UNFPA]8: UNHCR Media Briefing in Medan17: World Telecommunication and Information Society Day [ITU]18: Launch of the #ENDviolence initiative: Phase 220-21: Integrated Vector Management (IVM) Online Launch in Bogor [FAO]20-21: Workshop on Enhancing the Protection of Biodiversity and Critical Habitat of Orangutan in Tropical Forest of Sumatra [UNESCO]21: Seminar on Ecology Diversity Synergy [UNIDO]22: World Economic Situation and Prospects 2014 Mid-year update29: International Day of UN Peacekeepers31: World No-Tobacco Day [WHO]

June3 & 5: Workshop to Finalize Procurement System of Reproductive Health (RH) Supplies to Support Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) Implementation in Jakarta [UNFPA]4-6: Media Summit on Climate Change, ICTs and Disaster Risk Reduction [UNOCHA]5: World Environment Day [UNEP]6-8: Post-2015 Youth Global Strategy Meeting in Bangkok, Thailand9: International Day of UN Peacekeepers Seminar at Bina Nusantara University [UNIC]9-14: Training on Developing Strategic Partnerships with Faith-Based Organizations & Moslem Leaders in Yogyakarta [UNFPA]12: World Day Against Child Labour [ILO]14: World Blood Donor Day: Safe Blood for Saving Mothers [WHO]16-18: “Ecosystem-based Disaster Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation: Guiding Development Policies in the 21st Century” in Bogor18: Launch of National Action Plan of Maternal Health 2016-2030 in Bogor [WHO]19: MISP Advocacy and Socialization Workshop for Army and BNBP in Jakarta [UNFPA]20: World Refugee Day [UNHCR]23: United Nations Public Service Day26: International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking26: United Nations International Day in Support of Victims of Torture

DID YOU KNOW?

The World Humanitarian Summit will take place in Istanbul, Turkey in 2016. The summit will convene groups and people to address future humanitarian challenges.