UK Cattle Yearbook 2018 - AHDB Beef & Lambbeefandlamb.ahdb.org.uk/.../uploads/2018/10/UK-Cattle-Yearbook-20… · UK Cattle Yearbook 2018. 1 Contents Chapter 1 – Introduction 3

UK Cattle Yearbook 2018

1

Contents

Chapter 1 – Introduction 3

Chapter 2 – Marketing Chain 4Table 2.1 Beef and veal balance sheet, UK, 2014–2017 4Figure 2.1 Product flows in the beef marketing chain, UK, 2017 5

Chapter 3 – Livestock Numbers 6Table 3.1 Cattle numbers by category, UK, June 2014–2017 6Table 3.2 Cattle numbers by region, UK, June 2014–2017 7Table 3.3 Cattle holdings and average herd size by region, UK, June 2013–2016 8Figure 3.1 Beef cow holdings by herd size and region, UK, June 2016 9

Chapter 4 – Slaughterings and Production 10Table 4.1 Red meat production, UK, 2014–2017 10Figure 4.1 Trends in red meat production, UK, 1997–2017 10Table 4.2 Beef and veal production by region, UK, 2014–2017 11Table 4.3 Cattle slaughterings, UK, 2014–2017 11Table 4.4 Cattle slaughterings by region, UK, 2014–2017 12Figure 4.2 Change in share of cattle slaughterings by region, 2007 and 2017 12Table 4.5 Cattle average carcase weights, UK, 2014–2017 13Figure 4.3 Liveweight/deadweight cattle marketings, GB, 1997–2017 13

Chapter 5 – Consumption 14Table 5.1 Meat consumption, UK, 2014–2017 14Figure 5.1 Trends in meat consumption, UK, 1997–2017 14Table 5.2 Per capita meat consumption, UK, 2014–2017 15Table 5.3 Self-sufficiency rates, UK, 2014–2017 15Figure 5.2 Percentage of beef and lamb sold under British logo, GB, 2016–2018 16Figure 5.3 Change in source of retail meat purchases by volume,

GB, 2014 and 2017 17Figure 5.4 Change in retail volume and value sales of beef products, GB, 2014 and 2017 18Figure 5.5 Percentage of beef products sold on promotion, GB, 2014–2017 19Figure 5.6 Retail expenditure profile for beef, GB, 2017 20

Chapter 6 – Livestock and Meat Prices 21Table 6.1 Deadweight cattle prices, GB, 2014–2017 21Table 6.2 Deadweight cattle prices by region, GB, 2014–2017 22Figure 6.1 Seasonality of beef prices, GB, 2014–2017 22Table 6.3 Liveweight cattle prices, GB, 2014–2017 23Table 6.4 Rearing calf prices, England and Wales, 2014–2017 23Table 6.5 Store cattle prices, England and Wales, 2014–2017 24Table 6.6 Farm to retail beef price spreads, GB, 2014–2017 25

2

Contents

Chapter 7 – Imports and Exports 26Table 7.1 Volume and value of beef and veal imports, UK, 2014–2017 26Table 7.2 Imports of fresh/frozen beef and veal by source, UK, 2014–2017 26Table 7.3 Imports of processed beef and beef offal by source, UK, 2014–2017 27Figure 7.1 Imports of beef and veal by product, UK, 2017 27Table 7.4 Volume and value of beef and veal exports, UK, 2014–2017 28Table 7.5 Exports of fresh/frozen beef and veal by destination, UK, 2014–2017 28Table 7.6 Exports of beef offal by destination, UK, 2014–2017 29Figure 7.2 Map of UK fresh/frozen beef and veal exports by destination, 2017 30

Chapter 8 – Abattoirs 31Table 8.1 Red meat abattoir numbers by type, England, 2014–2017 31Table 8.2 Size profile of red meat abattoirs, England, 2017 31Table 8.3 Size profile of abattoirs slaughtering cattle, England, 2017 32

Chapter 9 – Auction Markets 33Table 9.1 Auction market throughputs by region, GB, 2017 33Table 9.2 Auction market centres by region, GB, 2014–2017 33Table 9.3 Auction markets sales held by region, GB, 2014–2017 33Table 9.4 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, GB, 2017 34Table 9.5 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, England, 2017 34Table 9.6 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, Wales, 2017 35Table 9.7 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, Scotland, 2017 35Table 9.8 Market share of largest auction markets selling prime cattle, GB, 2017 36Table 9.9 Largest auction markets selling prime cattle, GB, 2017 36

Chapter 10 – Carcase Classification 37Table 10.1 Distribution of prime beef carcases by conformation and fat class,

GB, 2017 37Table 10.2 Distribution of prime beef carcases, GB, 2014–2017 38Table 10.3 Distribution of prime beef carcases by conformation and fat class,

GB, 2007 and 2017 38Figure 10.1 Prime beef carcases meeting target specification, GB, 2007 and 2017 39

3

The statistics in the latest edition of the AHDB Beef & Lamb Yearbook show that 2017 was a relatively stable year after the dramatic price movements that characterised 2016. Although sterling continued to remain weak, a tighter domestic supply and demand balance led to higher import volumes and lower exports than the year before.Deadweight prices started the year following a typical pattern, softening marginally as supplies ran slightly ahead of post-Christmas demand, and tracking just below the five-year average prices for the time of year. However, where the market would normally expect to turn in May or June, prices in 2017 started to pick up as early as March; producers were still wary of the very low prices available to them in April of the previous year and this may have been reflected in a tighter supply situation. The GB all prime average deadweight price was at its lowest in the week ending 25 March, at 343.4p/kg, with the change in direction led by the market for young bulls. More commercial-type prime carcases fared particularly well, with price premiums for higher specifications narrowing slightly at this time. Late April marked the low point for prices in 2016, but by the same time in 2017 prices were 13 per cent higher year on year and were above the five-year average.From spring into late summer, good demand for beef kept the supply and demand balance relatively tight, despite retail price rises. The average price for GB R4L steer carcases rose by 9 per cent between early April and early September, peaking at 388.9p/kg. Prices then softened again over the following weeks. After a small rally in November, when processors were active in the run-up to Christmas, the market then entered into

what became a very long winter for some; finishing conditions all summer had been good, but a wet harvest meant reports of widespread straw and forage shortages were to follow. Deadweight prices remained above the five-year average and 2017 closed with R4L steers priced at 375.5p/kg.For the year as a whole, prime cattle slaughterings totalled 1.97 million head, an equivalent level to 2016 throughputs. However, adult cattle throughputs fell by 3 per cent to 659,000 head after a strong year in 2016. Consequently production fell by 1 per cent on 2016 levels, with numbers and carcase weights of prime animals broadly stable, but fewer, although slightly heavier, cows.A generally weaker currency than the year before might ordinarily have lent itself to a continuation of the positive trade environment witnessed in 2016. Instead, imports grew by over 4 per cent on 2016 levels, to 442,000 tonnes, particularly from Ireland, and exports fell by 2 per cent, to 140,000 tonnes. Together these are a testament to the size and importance of the UK domestic market, where year-on-year demand grew by 1.4 per cent in 2017.The contents of the 2018 AHDB Beef & Lamb Yearbook provide an overview of the facts and figures from the beef and sheep meat sectors during 2017. We hope it serves as a useful reference guide for industry and other interested stakeholders.

Chapter 1 – Introduction

Chapter 1 – Introduction

4

Chapter 2 – Marketing Chain

Table 2.1 Beef and veal balance sheet, UK, 2014–2017

‘000 tonnes 2014 2015 2016* 2017

Production 877.3 884.5 911.8 901.5

Imports 413.7 430.5 425.7 442.5

Fresh/frozen 315.0 332.0 326.2 340.2

Processed 98.7 98.5 99.5 102.3

Exports 142.2 132.0 142.8 139.9

Total consumption 1,148.9 1,183.0 1,149.8 1,204.1

Total consumption is a balance calculation based upon total supplies available for consumption, ie production + imports – exportsVolumes are carcase weight equivalent*Defra changed to calendar months from February 2016Source: AHDB, Defra, IHS Maritime & Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC


Chapter 2 – Marketing Chain

5

Figure 2.1 Product flows in the beef marketing chain, UK, 2017

Marketing Chain

Liveweight and deadweight percentage splits are estimated using GB dataVolumes are carcase weight equivalentSource: AHDB, Defra, IHS Maritime & Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC

Meat exportsTotal: 140,000 tonnesCarcase: 128,000 tonnesProcessed: 12,000 tonnesTotal: £440 million

Meat importsTotal 442,000 tonnesCarcase 340,000 tonnesProcessed 102,000 tonnesTotal £1,334 million

Wholesalers/depots/traders

Total beef & veal usage1.204 million tonnes

£8,412 million

Prime cattle slaughterings1.97 million head

Cow and bull slaughterings659,000 head

Calf slaughterings112,000 head

Value of product £2,995 million

Deadweight sales – 85%Prime cattle = 88%Cows/bulls = 71%2.21 million head

£2,530 million

Liveweight sales – 15%Prime cattle = 12%Cows/bulls = 29%0.42 million head

£425 million

Slaughtered productionTotal: 902,000 tonnesPrime cattle: 689,000 tonnesCows/bulls: 206,000 tonnesCalves: 7,000 tonnes

Figure 2.1 Product flows in the beef marketing chain, UK, 2017


6

Chapter 3 – Livestock Numbers

Table 3.1 Cattle numbers by category, UK, June 2014–2017

‘000 head 2014 2015 2016 2017

Female cattle aged 2 years or more: 4,228 4,238 4,204 4,193

Breeding herd (cattle which have calved): 3,411 3,472 3,493 3,481

Beef 1,569 1,576 1,596 1,589

Dairy 1,841 1,895 1,897 1,891

Other female cattle (not calved or in calf for first time): 817 767 712 712

Beef 409 381 365 366

Dairy 408 386 346 346

Female cattle aged between 1 and 2 years: 1,373 1,379 1,442 1,464

Beef 834 834 872 898

Dairy 539 545 570 567

Female cattle less than 1 year: 1,499 1,570 1,603 1,583

All male cattle: 2,737 2,730 2,783 2,763

2 years and over 424 388 364 355

1 to 2 years 1,011 1,001 1,032 1,051

Under 1 year 1,302 1,342 1,386 1,357

Total cattle & calves 9,837 9,919 10,033 10,004

Source: Defra

Chapter 3 – Livestock Numbers Table 3.1 Cattle numbers by category, UK, June 2014–2017

7

Table 3.2 Cattle numbers by region, UK, June 2014–2017

‘000 head Dairy cows Beef cows Total cattle and calves

England

2014 1,143 710 5,374

2015 1,162 713 5,385

2016 1,156 721 5,429

2017 1,150 721 5,418

Wales

2014 234 168 1,103

2015 246 167 1,119

2016 249 168 1,134

2017 251 168 1,137

Scotland

2014 170 437 1,793

2015 176 437 1,806

2016 175 437 1,804

2017 174 433 1,782

Northern Ireland

2014 294 255 1,567

2015 312 260 1,609

2016 317 270 1,665

2017 316 267 1,666

Dairy and beef cows defined as breeding females over 2 years oldSource: Defra, Daera, Scottish Government, Welsh Government

Livestock Numbers

Table 3.2 Cattle numbers by region, UK, June 2014–2017

Table 3.1 Cattle numbers by category, UK, June 2014–2017

8

Table 3.3 Cattle holdings and average herd size by region, UK, June 2013–2016

No. of dairy cow holdings

Average dairy herd size (head)

No. of beef cow holdings

Average beef herd

size (head)

Total cattle

holdings

England2013 13,225 84 26,990 27 40,961

2014 12,825 89 26,490 27 40,601

2015 12,643 89 26,550 26 40,736

2016 12,474 90 26,127 27 40,209

Wales*

2013 3,130 N/A 8,910 n/a 11,104

2014 3,094 N/A 8,613 n/a 10,906

2015 3,054 N/A 8,436 n/a 10,806

2016 3,030 N/A 8,379 n/a 10,668

Scotland2013 1,903 87 9,483 47 12,097

2014 1,840 92 9,348 47 11,969

2015 1,832 96 9,265 47 11,880

2016 1,822 96 9,154 48 11,692

Northern Ireland2013 3,425 82 15,356 18 20,201

2014 3,425 86 15,007 17 20,044

2015 3,537 88 15,090 17 20,357

2016 3,529 90 14,756 18 19,942

*Cow holding numbers shown are based upon animals aged 2 years or over with offspring except Wales, which are based upon all animals over 2 years as further breakdown is not available. As a result average beef and dairy herd size figures for Wales are not available on the same basis.Dairy herd sizes are based on number of holdings with dairy cattle rather than number of registered dairy producers.n/a = not applicableSource: Defra, Daera, Scottish Government, Welsh Government

Livestock Numbers


9

Figure 3.1 Beef cow holdings by herd size and region, UK, June 2016

Livestock Numbers

*Beef cow holding numbers shown are based upon animals agend 2 years or over with offspring, except Wales, which are based upon all holdings with beef cows over 2 years.Source: Defra, Daera, Scottish Government, Welsh Government

England26,127 beef cow holdings

% of beef cowholdings




Wales*8,379 beef cow holdings

Scotland9,154 beef cow holdings

Northern Ireland14,756 beef cow holdings

12

31

4014

4 3

20

38

11

29

22

24

21

19

14 6

42

28

1

24

Herd size:100+

Herd size:100+

Herd size:100+

Herd size:1–9

Herd size:1–9

Herd size:1–9

Herd size:5–19

Herd size:1–4

Herd size:10–29

Herd size:10–29

Herd size:20–49

Herd size:50–99

Herd size:10–29

Herd size:30–49

Herd size:30–49

Herd size:30–49

Herd size:50–99

Herd size:50–99

Herd size:50–99

Herd size:100+

Figure 3.1 Beef cow holdings by herd size and region, UK, June 2016


10

Table 4.1 Red meat production, UK, 2014–2017

‘000 tonnes Beef & veal

Lamb & mutton

Pig meat Offal Total

red meata

2014 877.3 297.5 862.9 142.7 2,037.8

2015 884.5 301.5 900.3 145.0 2,086.3

2016* 911.8 290.3 919.2 146.9 2,121.3

2017 901.5 299.1 899.3 146.4 2,099.9

a = Excludes offal*Defra changed to calendar months from February 2016Volumes are carcase weight equivalentSource: Defra

Figure 4.1 Trends in red meat production, UK, 1997–2017

Chapter 4 – Slaughterings and Production

*Defra changed to calendar months from February 2016Volumes are carcase weight equivalentSource: Defra

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

1,100

1,200

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

*

2017

’000

tonn

es

Beef & veal Lamb & mutton Pig meat

Chapter 4 – Slaughterings and Production Table 4.1 Red meat production, UK, 2014–2017Figure 4.1 Trends in red meat production, UK, 1997–2017

11

Slaughterings and Production

Table 4.2 Beef and veal production by region, UK, 2014–2017

‘000 tonnes UK England** Wales Scotlanda Northern Irelanda

2014 877.3 531.7 42.8 169.6 133.3

2015 884.5 532.4 47.5 168.9 135.8

2016* 911.8 553.9 45.4 173.0 139.4

2017 901.5 553.4 40.6 167.1 140.4

a = Excludes calves*Defra changed to calendar months from February 2016**Estimate based on remaining balanceVolumes are carcase weight equivalentSource: Defra, AHDB

Table 4.3 Cattle slaughterings, UK, 2014–2017

‘000 head Prime cattle

Cows & bulls Calves Total cattle

& calves

2014 1,960 597 112 2,669

2015 1,929 619 101 2,649

2016* 1,975 681 124 2,780

2017 1,973 659 112 2,744

*Defra changed to calendar months from February 2016Source: Defra

Table 4.2 Beef and veal production by region, UK, 2014–2017Table 4.3 Cattle slaughterings, UK, 2014–2017

Table 4.1 Red meat production, UK, 2014–2017Figure 4.1 Trends in red meat production, UK, 1997–2017

12

Table 4.4 Cattle slaughterings by region, UK, 2014–2017

‘000 head UK England Wales Scotlanda Northern Irelanda

2014 2,669 1,632 151 468 408

2015 2,649 1,617 159 459 407

2016* 2,780 1,729 147 474 422

2017 2,744 1,711 134 462 430

a = Excludes calves*Defra changed to calendar months from February 2016Source: Defra

Figure 4.2 Change in share of cattle slaughterings by region, 2007 and 2017


a = Excludes calvesSource: Defra

2007(%)

2017(%)

17 16

17

5820

55 62Scotlanda

Scotlanda

Northern Irelanda Northern Irelanda

England

England Wales

Wales

Table 4.4 Cattle slaughterings by region, UK, 2014–2017Figure 4.2 Change in share of cattle slaughterings by region, 2007 and 2017

13


Table 4.5 Cattle average carcase weights, UK, 2014–2017

kg deadweight Steers Heifers Young bulls Prime cattle

2014 367.5 324.6 344.8 348.7

2015 374.2 331.2 344.6 355.1

2016 372.4 327.9 327.1 350.9

2017 367.0 330.0 326.6 349.1

Source: Defra

Figure 4.3 Liveweight/deadweight cattle marketings, GB, 1997–2017

Source: Defra, AHDB

0

20

40

60

80

100

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

DeadweightLiveweight

%

Table 4.5 Cattle average carcase weights, UK, 2014–2017Figure 4.3 Liveweight/deadweight cattle market-ings, GB, 1997–2017

Table 4.4 Cattle slaughterings by region, UK, 2014–2017Figure 4.2 Change in share of cattle slaughterings by region, 2007 and 2017

14

Table 5.1 Meat consumption, UK, 2014–2017

‘000 tonnes

Beef & veal

Lamb & mutton

Pig meat Poultry Total

meat

2014 1,149 298 1,578 2,129 5,154

2015 1,183 328 1,631 2,349 5,492

2016 1,195 317 1,717 2,473 5,701

2017 1,204 300 1,709 2,391 5,603

Consumption is a balance calculation based upon total supplies available for consumption, ie production + imports – exportsVolumes are carcase weight equivalentSource: AHDB. Calculations based on data from Defra, IHS Maritime & Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC

Figure 5.1 Trends in meat consumption, UK, 1997–2017

Chapter 5 – Consumption

Consumption is a balance calculation based upon total supplies available for consumption, ie production + imports – exportsVolumes are carcase weight equivalentSource: AHDB. Calculations based on data from Defra, IHS Maritime & Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Beef & veal Pig meat Lamb & mutton Poultry

’000

tonn

es

Chapter 5 – Consumption Table 5.1 Meat consumption, UK, 2014–2017Figure 5.1 Trends in meat consumption, UK, 1997–2017

15

Consumption

Table 5.2 Per capita meat consumption, UK, 2014–2017

kg per person

Beef & veal

Lamb & mutton


meat

2014 17.8 4.6 24.4 33.0 79.8

2015 18.2 5.0 25.1 36.1 84.3

2016 18.2 4.8 26.1 37.7 86.8

2017 18.2 4.5 25.9 36.3 84.9

Per capita consumption is a calculation based upon total supplies available for consumption, ie production + imports – exports divided by the mid-year population estimateVolumes are carcase weight equivalent Source: AHDB. Calculations based on data from Defra, IHS Maritime & Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC, Office for National Statistics

Table 5.3 Self-sufficiency rates, UK, 2014–2017

% Beef & veal

Lamb & mutton


meat

2014 76.4 99.9 54.7 77.3 71.5

2015 74.8 91.9 55.2 73.7 69.5

2016 76.3 91.5 53.5 72.5 68.7

2017 74.9 99.7 52.6 75.6 69.8

Self-sufficiency (%) = Production/consumption (where consumption is production + imports – exports)Source: AHDB. Calculations based on data from Defra, IHS Maritime & Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC

Table 5.2 Per capita meat consumption, UK, 2014–2017Table 5.3 Self-sufficiency rates, UK, 2014–2017

Table 5.1 Meat consumption, UK, 2014–2017Figure 5.1 Trends in meat consumption, UK, 1997–2017

16

Consumption

Figure 5.2 Percentage of beef and lamb sold under British logo, GB, 2016–2018

Source: ESA

LambBeef

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Jan 18Jun 17Jan 17Jun 16Jan 16

%

81 85 81 84 82

73 71 72 7381


17

Figure 5.3 Change in source of retail meat purchases by volume, GB, 2014 and 2017

Data covers 52 weeks ending late December the same year/early January of the next yearSource: Kantar Worldpanel

Consumption

2014(%)

2017(%)

4 21

68

8

10

7

6415

3

7

81 3

Freezer centres

Other multiples

Total independents & symbols

Total butchersOther retailers (non-grocers)

Top 5 multiples

Hard discounters

Freezer centres

Other multiples

Total independents & symbols

Total butchersOther retailers (non-grocers)

Top 5 multiples

Hard discounters

Figure 5.3 Change in source of retail meat purchas-es by volume, GB, 2014 and 2017


18

Consumption

Figure 5.4 Change in retail volume and value sales of beef products, GB, 2014 and 2017

a = includes Marinades, Frozen pies & puddings, and Ready to cookData covers 52 weeks ending late December the same year/early January of the next yearSource: Kantar Worldpanel

ValueVolume

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

-10

4

12

4 4

8

10

18

10

5

-14

2

11

1 2

13

10

12

20

16

Roas

ting

Stew

ing

Fryi

ng/g

rillin

g st

eak

Min

ce

Burg

ers

& gr

ills

Fres

h ho

t pie

s

Past

ies

Chi

lled

mai

n m

eal

acc

ompa

nim

ents

Read

y m

eals

Oth

era

%

Figure 5.4 Change in retail volume and value sales of beef products, GB, 2014 and 2017

19

Figure 5.5 Percentage of beef products sold on promotion, GB, 2014–2017

Data covers 52 weeks ending late December the same year/early January of the next yearSource: Kantar Worldpanel

The eFoodChainMap from AHDB is an interactive UK map, which plots a range of information, including the location of abattoirs, auction markets, meat processors and meat traders using colour coded pins.The map can be accessed at the website: www.emap.org.uk/map.aspx

Consumption

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

MinceFrying/grilling steak

StewingRoastingFresh & frozen primary beef

%

20152014 20172016

45

47 48

43

45

35

50

40 41

27

34

41 40

35

30

27 25

34

28 26

Figure 5.5 Percentage of beef products sold on promotion, GB, 2014–2017

20

Consumption

Figure 5.6 Retail expenditure profile for beef, GB, 2017

a = includes single protein meal solutionsData covers 52 weeks ending 31 December 2017Source: Kantar Worldpanel

Fresh/frozen beef £2,250 million

Retailexpenditure

profile(%)

Retailexpenditure

profile(%)

Processed beef £1,025 million

30

1247

29

Stewing

Frozen ready meals

Other

Ready to cook

Burgers and grills

Frying/grilling

Mince

Chilled main mealaccompanimentsa

Roasting

Chilled ready meals

5

36

1230

18

Figure 5.6 Retail expenditure profile for beef, GB, 2017

21

Table 6.1 Deadweight cattle prices, GB, 2014–2017

p per kgSteers Young bulls

R4L Overall R4L Overall

2014 360.5 351.1 329.7 318.0

2015 357.9 347.9 337.8 325.9

2016 347.4 335.8 326.0 314.6

2017 372.3 359.6 352.4 340.2

p per kgHeifers Cull cows

R4L Overall -O4L Overall

2014 357.4 353.1 238.5 221.9

2015 356.8 349.5 239.4 218.5

2016 346.8 337.9 226.6 203.0

2017 371.2 362.4 262.5 237.0

Chapter 6 – Livestock and Meat Prices

Table 6.1 Deadweight cattle prices, GB, 2014–2017

Chapter 6 – Livestock and Meat PricesFigure 5.6 Retail expenditure profile for beef, GB, 2017

22

Table 6.2 Deadweight cattle prices by region, GB, 2014–2017

Overall (p per kg)

England and Wales

Steers Young bulls Heifers Cull cows

2014 343.8 315.0 345.7 214.3

2015 342.1 323.6 343.6 208.8

2016 330.3 311.4 332.1 199.3

2017 354.2 336.4 356.9 233.7

Overall(p per kg)

Scotland

Steers Young bulls Heifers Cull cows

2014 368.8 338.7 369.9 239.3

2015 362.1 342.4 363.1 240.6

2016 351.0 330.9 353.6 229.6

2017 375.2 357.2 377.3 261.8

Figure 6.1 Seasonality of beef prices, GB, 2014–2017

Livestock and Meat Prices

Based on GB monthly deadweight cattle prices for steers

300

320

340

360

380

400

DecNovOctSepAugJulJunMayAprMarFebJan

p pe

r kg

dead

wei

ght

2014 2015 2016 2017

Table 6.2 Deadweight cattle prices by region, GB, 2014–2017Figure 6.1 Seasonality of beef prices, GB, 2014–2017

23


Table 6.3 Liveweight cattle prices, GB, 2014–2017

p per kg All prime cattle Steers Young

bulls Heifers Cull cows

2014 182.8 183.2 165.7 195.3 107.5

2015 188.6 186.7 174.6 198.6 105.2

2016 183.0 180.5 169.3 193.9 98.8

2017 194.3 192.1 183.2 203.3 115.0

Source: AHDB, LAA, IAAS

Table 6.4 Rearing calf prices, England and Wales, 2014–2017

£ per head

Friesian/ Holstein/Cross Hereford/Cross Continental/Cross

Bulls Heifers Bulls Heifers Bulls Heifers

2014 38.94 64.38 175.85 122.24 231.05 176.97

2015 53.73 64.04 221.03 166.02 268.77 216.90

2016 41.64 46.06 187.25 138.25 238.02 193.26

2017 44.81 48.13 173.10 129.34 236.88 195.72

Source: AHDB, LAA

Table 6.3 Liveweight cattle prices, GB, 2014–2017Table 6.4 Rearing calf prices, England and Wales, 2014–2017

Table 6.2 Deadweight cattle prices by region, GB, 2014–2017Figure 6.1 Seasonality of beef prices, GB, 2014–2017

24

Table 6.5 Store cattle prices, England and Wales, 2014–2017

£ per head

Yearlings 18 Months 2 Years

Steers Heifers Steers Heifers Steers Heifers

Friesian/Holstein/Cross

2014 362.75 310.82 520.38 455.19 659.23 579.29

2015 447.58 391.12 612.58 528.60 733.41 648.78

2016 362.57 322.38 519.37 447.51 648.07 587.64

2017 403.70 380.98 572.95 499.53 704.22 639.13

Hereford/Cross

2014 655.16 492.93 795.53 633.81 929.18 758.57

2015 686.76 542.23 818.58 682.24 951.12 794.15

2016 643.53 496.73 770.16 632.71 882.31 738.99

2017 668.52 522.78 792.26 648.52 919.06 779.68

Continental/Cross

2014 856.06 720.18 952.43 828.22 1,040.23 900.07

2015 894.52 771.13 988.69 867.16 1,082.23 959.42

2016 843.24 732.59 937.99 831.98 1,013.38 902.30

2017 885.30 769.73 975.31 866.49 1,059.16 950.01

Others/Cross

2014 648.23 517.70 767.47 644.82 879.75 763.96

2015 701.06 574.53 816.74 693.14 938.03 816.79

2016 646.00 520.81 772.00 656.19 887.79 765.85

2017 703.29 567.73 829.06 706.21 944.80 830.36

Source: AHDB, LAA



25


Table 6.6 Farm to retail beef price spreads, GB, 2014–2017

p per kgAverage

farm price

Average retail pricea

Actual price

spread

Producershare of

retail price(%)

Othersshare of

retail priceb

(%)

2014 348.3 701.5 353.2 49.6 50.4

2015 346.3 699.9 353.6 49.5 50.5

2016 334.6 688.3 353.7 48.6 51.4

2017 359.1 698.6 339.5 51.4 48.6

a = Retail prices converted to an untrimmed carcase equivalent and adjustment made for drip lossb = This is the share received by rest of supply chain, including retailers, processers and wholesalersSource: AHDB

Table 6.6 Farm to retail beef price spreads, GB, 2014–2017


26

Chapter 7 – Imports and Exports

Table 7.1 Volume and value of beef and veal imports, UK, 2014–2017

Fresh/frozen Processed Offal‘000 tonnes £ million ‘000 tonnes £ million ‘000 tonnes £ million

2014 254.8 981.9 77.4 229.8 19.3 14.8

2015 269.7 1,032.6 77.3 226.6 16.8 16.8

2016 263.6 1,016.2 77.9 224.9 13.2 19.0

2017 275.4 1,077.2 79.8 257.1 9.1 15.7

Volumes are shipped product weightData as at June 2018Source: IHS Maritime & Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC

Table 7.2 Imports of fresh/frozen beef and veal by source, UK, 2014–2017

‘000 tonnes 2014 2015 2016 2017Fresh/frozen 254.8 269.7 263.6 275.4

Bone-in 54.2 61.9 54.8 59.0Boneless 200.6 207.7 208.7 216.3Frozen 67.2 67.3 71.4 79.7Fresh/chilled 187.7 202.4 192.2 195.6

EU-28 227.3 244.7 242.7 259.6Irish Republic 179.0 183.7 183.5 194.0Netherlands 16.8 20.4 19.5 20.7Poland 8.2 14.1 14.6 19.6Germany 9.0 11.5 11.4 10.3Italy 3.4 3.1 4.5 3.4

Non-EU 27.5 24.9 20.9 15.8Botswana 3.6 4.3 4.0 3.9Australia 7.3 6.6 4.4 2.9Brazil 4.2 3.7 3.6 2.5Uruguay 3.1 3.4 3.1 2.2Namibia 5.1 4.3 3.4 2.1New Zealand 4.0 2.1 1.2 1.1


Table 7.1 Volume and value of beef and veal imports, UK, 2014–2017Table 7.2 Imports of fresh/frozen beef and veal by source, UK, 2014–2017

Chapter 7 – Imports and Exports

27

Table 7.3 Imports of processed beef and beef offal by source, UK, 2014–2017

‘000 tonnes 2014 2015 2016 2017Corned beef 29.6 29.7 29.3 25.4

Brazil 28.4 22.7 26.1 20.6France 0.8 4.3 2.8 4.4Irish Republic 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2

Other processed beef 47.8 47.6 48.6 54.4Irish Republic 35.5 35.4 37.9 39.6Sweden 2.2 2.9 3.1 3.6

Beef offal 19.3 16.8 13.2 9.1Irish Republic 13.3 10.6 5.7 4.1Germany 1.9 2.4 2.1 1.5


Figure 7.1 Imports of beef and veal by product, UK, 2017

Imports and Exports


40

10

21

22

51

Importsof beef and veal

(%)

Chilled boneless

Frozen boneless

Chilled carcases

Chilled bone-in

Frozen bone-in

Processed

Table 7.3 Imports of processed beef and beef offal by source, UK, 2014–2017Figure 7.1 Imports of beef and veal by product, UK, 2017

Table 7.1 Volume and value of beef and veal imports, UK, 2014–2017Table 7.2 Imports of fresh/frozen beef and veal by source, UK, 2014–2017

28

Table 7.4 Volume and value of beef and veal exports, UK, 2014–2017

Fresh/frozen Offal

‘000 tonnes £ million ‘000 tonnes £ million

2014 112.3 374.9 44.2 62.9

2015 100.5 342.2 47.8 61.0

2016 110.4 369.3 42.2 53.0

2017 105.6 405.1 41.7 60.5


Table 7.5 Exports of fresh/frozen beef and veal by destination, UK, 2014–2017

‘000 tonnes 2014 2015 2016 2017

Fresh/frozen 112.3 100.5 110.4 105.6

Bone-in 47.5 28.0 30.8 30.1

Boneless 64.8 72.5 79.6 75.5

Frozen 20.5 20.4 27.8 27.0

Fresh/chilled 91.8 80.1 82.6 78.6

EU-28 104.1 92.4 98.5 92.3

Irish Republic 36.3 36.8 36.3 34.2

Netherlands 33.6 22.2 26.4 24.0

France 9.8 10.1 8.9 8.2

Italy 6.5 6.1 5.5 5.1

Germany 3.4 2.8 3.6 4.0

Belgium 6.4 4.0 3.4 3.7

Denmark 1.2 1.6 2.6 1.8

Non-EU 8.1 8.0 12.0 13.3


Imports and Exports

Table 7.4 Volume and value of beef and veal exports, UK, 2014–2017Table 7.5 Exports of fresh/frozen beef and veal by destination, UK, 2014–2017

What does this mean for the industry?Helping our levy payers make sense of the issues as they evolve.

Helping key stakeholders and Government to seek the best possible deal for our industries outside the EU.

www.ahdb.org.uk/brexit

29

Table 7.6 Exports of beef offal by destination, UK, 2014–2017

2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017

‘000 tonnes £ million

Total 44.2 47.8 42.2 41.7 62.9 61.0 53.0 60.5

EU-28 25.9 24.7 22.4 20.6 35.0 27.1 27.5 29.7

Non-EU-28 18.3 23.1 19.8 21.1 27.9 33.8 25.4 30.8


Imports and Exports

Table 7.6 Exports of beef offal by destination, UK, 2014–2017

Table 7.4 Volume and value of beef and veal exports, UK, 2014–2017Table 7.5 Exports of fresh/frozen beef and veal by destination, UK, 2014–2017

30

Figure 7.2 Map of UK fresh/frozen beef and veal exports by destination, 2017

Imports and Exports

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31

Table 8.1 Red meat abattoir numbers by type, England, 2014–2017

2014 2015 2016 2017

Abattoir numbers 186 192 188 184

Throughput (‘000 GBU) 7,629 7,969 8,057 8,034

Average throughput (GBU) 41,021 41,508 42,858 43,661

Types of abattoirs

Killing cattle 157 164 162 154

Killing sheep 152 157 155 150

Killing pigs 115 116 118 112

1 GBU = 1 cattle beast or 2 pigs or 5 sheep

Table 8.2 Size profile of red meat abattoirs, England, 2017

Size group (GBU)

Number of abattoirs

Total throughput

(GBU)

Average throughput

(GBU)

Share of throughput

(%)

1–1,000 43 17,248 401 0.2

1,001–5,000 36 85,619 2,378 1.1

5,001–10,000 17 117,273 6,898 1.5

10,001–20,000 24 366,072 15,253 4.6

20,001–30,000 7 176,363 25,195 2.2

30,001–50,000 23 911,408 39,626 11.3

50,001–100,000 15 1,040,893 69,393 13.0

>100,000 19 5,318,672 279,930 66.2

Total 184 8,033,549 43,661 100.0

1 GBU = 1 cattle beast or 2 pigs or 5 sheep

Chapter 8 – Abattoirs

Chapter 8 – Abattoirs Table 8.1 Red meat abattoir numbers by type, England, 2014–2017Table 8.2 Size profile of red meat abattoirs, Eng-land, 2017


32

Table 8.3 Size profile of abattoirs slaughtering sheep, England, 2017

Size group (head)

Number of abattoirs

Total throughput

(head)

Average throughput

(head)

Share of throughput

(%)

1–1,000 77 21,873 284 1.3

1,001–5,000 25 60,270 2,411 3.6

5,001–10,000 20 142,859 7,143 8.5

10,001–20,000 8 125,389 15,674 7.4

20,001–30,000 4 101,820 25,455 6.0

30,001–50,000 7 279,370 39,910 16.5

>50,000 13 958,331 73,718 56.7

Total 154 1,689,912 10,973 100.0

Total 150 9,955,640 66,371 100.0

Includes cattle and calves

Abattoirs

Table 8.3 Size profile of abattoirs slaughtering cattle, England, 2017

33

Table 9.1 Auction market throughputs by region, GB, 2017

‘000 head England Wales Scotland GB

Steers 42 4 6 52

Heifers 66 4 11 82

Young bulls 55 1 1 57

Total prime cattle 164 8 18 191

Cull cows 107 13 32 151

Data relates to finished markets onlySource: AHDB, LAA, IAAS

Table 9.2 Auction market centres by region, GB, 2014–2017

Number England Wales Scotland GB

2014 71 26 18 115

2015 72 26 17 115

2016 71 26 18 115

2017 71 26 16 113

Data relates to finished markets onlySource: LAA, IAAS

Table 9.3 Auction market sales held by region, GB, 2014–2017

Number England Wales Scotland GB

2014 4,225 1,346 978 6,549

2015 4,216 1,371 998 6,585

2016 4,145 1,390 950 6,485

2017 4,006 1,337 850 6,193

Data relates to finished markets onlySource: LAA, IAAS

Chapter 9 – Auction Markets

Table 9.1 Auction market throughputs by region, GB, 2017Table 9.2 Auction market centres by region, GB, 2014–2017Table 9.3 Auction markets sales held by region, GB, 2014–2017

Chapter 9 – Auction MarketsTable 8.3 Size profile of abattoirs slaughtering cattle, England, 2017

34

Table 9.4 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, GB, 2017

Size group (head)Number

of auction centres

Total marketings

(head)

Average throughput

(head)

Share of throughput

(%)

1–2,500 45 30,946 688 9.1

2,501–5,000 18 61,132 3,396 17.9

5,001–7,500 5 29,716 5,943 8.7

7,501–10,000 8 70,290 8,786 20.6

10,001–12,500 3 33,115 11,038 9.7

>12,500 7 116,531 16,647 34.1

Total 86 341,730 3,974 100.0


Table 9.5 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, England, 2017


of auction centres

Total marketings

(head)

Average throughput

(head)

Share of throughput

(%)

1–2,500 27 21,231 786 7.8

2,501–5,000 15 50,174 3,345 18.5

5,001–7,500 3 18,066 6,022 6.7

7,501–10,000 5 43,338 8,668 16.0

10,001–12,500 2 21,385 10,573 7.9

>12,500 7 116,531 16,647 43.0

Total 59 270,725 4,589 100.0

Source: AHDB, LAA

Auction Markets

Table 9.4 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, GB, 2017Table 9.5 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, England, 2017

35

Table 9.6 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, Wales, 2017


of auction centres

Total marketings

(head)

Average throughput

(head)

Share of throughput

(%)

1–2,500 13 6,763 520 32.2

2,501–5,000 1 4,404 4,404 20.9

5,001–7,500 – – – –

7,501–10,000 1 9,868 9,868 46.9

10,001–12,500 – – – –

>12,500 – – – –

Total 15 21,035 1,402 100.0

Source: AHDB, LAA

Table 9.7 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, Scotland, 2017


of auction centres

Total marketings

(head)

Average throughput

(head)

Share of throughput

(%)

1–2,500 5 2,952 590 5.9

2,501–5,000 2 6,554 3,277 13.1

5,001–7,500 2 11,650 5,825 23.3

7,501–10,000 2 17,084 8,542 34.2

10,001–12,500 1 11,730 11,730 23.5

>12,500 – – – –

Total 12 49,970 4,164 100.0

Source: AHDB, IAAS

Auction Markets

Table 9.6 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, Wales, 2017Table 9.7 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, Scotland, 2017

Table 9.4 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, GB, 2017Table 9.5 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, England, 2017

36

Table 9.8 Market share of largest auction markets selling prime cattle, GB, 2017

Head % share

Top 3 42,103 22.1

Top 5 64,974 34.1

Top 10 104,746 55.0

Total GB throughput 190,585 100.0


Table 9.9 Largest auction markets selling prime cattle, GB, 2017

Ten largest auction marketsa

Bridgnorth Darlington Ludlow

Market Drayton Mold Newark

Northallerton Selby Thirsk

York

a = In alphabetical, not size orderSource: AHDB, LAA, IAAS

Auction Markets

Table 9.8 Market share of largest auction markets selling prime cattle, GB, 2017Table 9.9 Largest auction markets selling prime cattle, GB, 2017

37

Table 10.1 Distribution of prime beef carcases by conformation and fat class, GB, 2017

Prime cattle (%)Fat class Increasing fatness

1 2 3 4L 4H 5L 5H Total

Con

form

atio

n cl

ass

Impr

ovin

g co

nfor

mat

ion

E 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5

U+ 0.1 1.0 2.2 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 4.3

-U 0.1 1.5 6.2 5.9 1.2 0.0 0.0 14.9

R 0.1 2.9 16.2 18.9 6.2 0.4 0.0 44.6

O+ 0.1 1.5 7.4 9.2 3.2 0.3 0.0 21.7

-O 0.1 1.6 5.7 3.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 11.7

P+ 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8

-P 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4

Total 1.0 9.4 38.7 38.9 11.2 0.7 0.1

Please note totals may not add up due to rounding

Table 10.2 Distribution of prime beef carcases, GB, 2014–2017

% Steers Heifers Young bulls

2014 57 33 11

2015 58 33 10

2016* 58 33 9

2017* 58 34 7

*Change in sampling methodologySource: AHDB, MLCSL

Chapter 10 – Carcase Classification

Table 10.1 Distribution of prime beef carcases by conformation and fat class, GB, 2017

Chapter 10 – Carcase ClassificationTable 9.8 Market share of largest auction markets selling prime cattle, GB, 2017Table 9.9 Largest auction markets selling prime cattle, GB, 2017

38

Table 10.3 Distribution of prime beef carcases by conformation and fat class, GB, 2007 and 2017

%Fat class

1 and 2 3 4 5

2007 11.3 28.7 58.9 1.1

2017* 10.4 38.7 50.1 0.8

%Conformation class

E U R O P

2007 0.3 15.6 44.3 38.0 1.8

2017* 0.5 19.2 44.6 33.4 2.2


Carcase Classification

Table 10.2 Distribution of prime beef carcases, GB, 2014–2017Table 10.3 Distribution of prime beef carcases by conformation and fat class, GB, 2007 and 2017

39

Figure 10.1 Prime beef carcases meeting target specification, GB, 2007 and 2017

Carcase Classification


2007

Primebeef carcasesmeeting targetspecification

(%)

Primebeef carcasesmeeting targetspecification

(%)

2017*

11 8

3249

36

4 4

56

Too fatToo fat

Too fat and ofpoor conformation

Too fat and ofpoor conformation

Target: E–Rconformation and 1–4L fat

Target: E–Rconformation and 1–4L fat

Lean but of poor

conformation

Lean but of poor

conformation

Figure 10.1 Prime beef carcases meeting target specification, GB, 2007 and 2017

Table 10.2 Distribution of prime beef carcases, GB, 2014–2017Table 10.3 Distribution of prime beef carcases by conformation and fat class, GB, 2007 and 2017

Documents

UK Cattle Yearbook 2018 - AHDB Beef & Lambbeefandlamb.ahdb.org.uk/.../uploads/2018/10/UK-Cattle-Yearbook-20… · UK Cattle Yearbook 2018. 1 Contents Chapter 1 – Introduction 3