UC Crisis 2010 - Dr. Jorge Mariscal Presentation

8/14/2019 UC Crisis 2010 - Dr. Jorge Mariscal Presentation

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UC San Diego in the 21st Century:UC San Diego in the 21st Century:

Cathedral or Corporation on the Hill?Cathedral or Corporation on the Hill?

Jorge Mariscal


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If you know your history,

Then you would know where you coming from,

Then you wouldn't have to ask me,

Who the heck do I think I am.

Bob Marley, Buffalo Soldier


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Initial Assumptions

Many of the people who began the processof privatizing the UC system had goodintentions.

We are now living with the unintendednegative consequences of their actions.

Almost no one thought about the impact ofprivatization on historically excludedcommunities. This is still true in 2010.


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What was special about UC?

Dating from the time of the Master Plan (1960), UC was a

one-of-a-kind offering of affordable, quality education atmultiple top-ranked research campuses.

Of the 13 universities in the top 50 with tuition lessthan $10,000 per year, 6 were University of California

campuses.

Thousand of students of California, many from workingclass backgrounds, received a superior education thatelsewhere was available only to the rich.

In 1965, the state paid 94.4% of a UC studentseducation; in 2008, it paid 58.5%. The percentagecontinues to decline.


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QuickTime and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

e aster an wascreated by UC President

Clark Kerr


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Ronald Reagan became governor in1967 and one year later fired Clark Kerr


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Late 1960s- early 1970s: Minoritystudents fight for access to the UC


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Reagan collaborated with the FBI to destroystudent groups and began the defunding of

the UC system

Unable to fire allUC chancellors

Goes after students


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Governor Ronald Reagan, 1967-1975

Called for end to free tuition for UCand Cal State

Demanded 20% cuts in highereducation funding

Declared that taxpayers should notsubsidize intellectual curiosity.

Asked why he should fund collegesthat produced students whoprotested his policies

On campus protests: "If it takesa bloodbath, let's get it over with.No more appeasement!"


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Two important CA Supreme Court rulings--Serrano v. Priest, 1971 and 1976

The Court ruled that the amount of funding

going to different school districts was

disproportionately favoring wealthy families

The Court ruled that the state had to make thedistribution of revenue for education more equitable

Businessman Howard Jarvis led what he called ataxpayers revolt


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In 1978, Jarvis became the public faceof Proposition 13. Voters approved it by

65% to 35%.


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What was Prop. 13?

Imposed a cap on individual andcommercial property tax rates, reducingthem by an average of 57%.

Required a two-thirds majority in bothlegislative houses for future increases instate tax rates.


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Higher Education Funding

In 1970, UC received about 7% of the states general fund budget. Today,it has fallen to roughly 3%.

State per-student funding for educating UC students has fallen fromapprox. $16,000 in 1990 to less than $8,000 in 2010.

From 1984 to 2004, California's population increased 35%, while statefunding for higher education decreased by 9%. Higher education is the

only major part of Californias budget that grew more slowly thanpopulation.

http://www.ucthewayforward.org/budgetfactsheet.pdf


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California shifted its priorities

From 1982-2000, CA prisonpopulation grew by 500%

Three strikes law, 1994

From 1983-2003, the Dept.of Corrections workforceincreased by 350% (UCsystem: 26%)

During Arnolds term asgovernor, correctionsspending increased by 82%;higher ed spending declined

by 9%

More information, see MichelleAlexander, The New Jim Crow:Mass Incarceration in the Age ofColorblindness, The New Press,2010, and Ruth Gilmore, GoldenGulag, University of CaliforniaPress, 2006


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In the late 1970s, public universities beganto privatize due to cuts in state funding


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1978: National Science Foundation head,Richard Atkinson, creates University-Industry

Cooperative Research Projects Program

1974: Former UCSD Med School Dean, Clifford Grobstein, had

proposed the UCSD Research and Development Clearinghouse.

1980 C U i i


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1980: Congress passes University-Small Business Patent Procedures

Act or Bayh-Dole Act

B h D l d b t l t t ti


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Bayh-Dole removed obstacles to patentingacademic research. Taxpayer funded knowledge

made individual professors wealthy

(Entrepreneurship and Technology Transfer).

Bayh-Dole Amendment, 1984Federal Technology Transfer Act, 1986

Reagan Executive Orders, 1983 & 1987


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Hybritech

First Biotech Company (1976)First Biotech Company (1976)

Pfizer

Lilly

Novartis

Johnson & Johnson

San Diego Biotech, Biomedical and Pharma Companies (2006)

What about production?


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Universities in the 1980s made the

judgment that the inducements tocommercial activities outweighed

the possible risks to their coreacademic roles.

Roger Geiger, Knowledge and Money: Research

Universities and the Paradox of the Marketplace (2004)


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UCSD at the cutting edge oftechnology transfer

UCSD-CONNECT was founded in 1985 with the missionof contributing to increased commercialization ofuniversity research.

Global CONNECT was founded in 2003 as a sisterprogram of the regionally focused CONNECT program.

CONNECT, an independent entity since 2005, hasa number of high-ranking UCSD administratorson its board.


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Left to right: Irwin Jacobs - Chairman, QUALCOMM; Richard Atkinson -President Emeritus, University of California (and former Chancellor, UCSD);Lea Rudee - Founding Dean UCSD School of Engineering; Mary Walshok -

Associate Vice Chancellor, Public Programs and Dean, UCSD Extension;Buzz Woolley - President, Girard Capital/Girard Foundation; David Hale -Chairman, Hale BioPharma Ventures LLC (Chair, CONNECT Board); DanPegg - Former President & CEO, San Diego Regional EconomicDevelopment Corporation


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To the extent that universities view themselvesfirst as drivers of economic development, and

only second as educational institutions, their

priorities will be skewed, and they will neglecttheir commitment to the life of the mind.

Jennifer Washburn,University, Inc. (2005)


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Number of administratorsoutnumber faculty


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You decide

UCSD awarded $13 million for Defense Department studiesS.D. UNION TRIBUNE, TUESDAY, JANUARY 27, 2009 AT 2:48 P.M.

SAN DIEGO The federal government has awarded UCSD $13 million to conduct separate

studies on the roots of terrorism and defense technology in China.

Susan Shirk, director of the university's Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation, and Senior

Research Fellow Tai Ming Cheung will examine the evolving relationship between national security

in China and the use of technology.

Eli Berman, institute research director, will help spearhead research into terrorism, including what

reforms might be needed to reduce politically motivated violence.

The awards were given by the U.S. Department of Defense.

The root malaise of China lies within the authoritarian system.-- Huang Hua, general secretary of the Chinese Democratic Party


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Roger Revelle on UCSD (1991)

From its smallbeginnings it hasbecome a big,

impersonal, ratherfragmented place; aplace we are allproud of, but whichis rather hard tolove.


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Words acquire newmeanings

AFTER

community = local corporateand business entities

diversity = regional,national, and otherdifferences

social justice = ensuring

everyone is comfortableand not feeling tense orthreatened

BEFORE

community = local workingand middle-class families

diversity = women andhistorically excluded ethnicand racial groups

social justice = transformationof institutional structures that

reproduce inequality


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Definitions we can believein

MLK on the strugglefor social justice:

I am not afraid of the words

'crisis' and 'tension' Ideeply oppose violence,but to cure injustices youmust expose them beforethe light of human

conscience and the bar ofpublic opinion, regardlessof whatever tensions thatexposure generates.

I 2004 th UC d C l St t


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In 2004, the UC and Cal Statepresidents signed a Compact with

Governor Schwarzenegger


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The Compact was crafted by Arnoldsfinance director, Donna Arduin, who had

been Florida Governor Jeb Bushsbudget director and a strong advocate ofprivatization.

The Compact permanently reducedstate funding for UC, was signed behindclosed doors without public debate, andlocked in large student fee hikes.


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UC funding as % of statecoffers


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2009-2010 mid-year fee hike

Consequences


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Student fees will increase dramatically by 44% by 2010

(making UC fees comparable to those of semi-private schoolslike University of Michigan)

Consequences


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What is the so-called Michigansolution to budget shortfalls?

When the University of Michigan moved to a semi-privatized model, it relaxed admissions standards torecruit more out of state students who pay much more intuition.

>50% of Michigans 2003 freshman class came fromfamilies with six-figure incomes in a state where only 13%of families earn that much.

The result has been significantly diminished access forthe residents of Michigan, especially the mostdisadvantaged, and a reduction in the quality of theUniversity as seen in its drop in rankings by U.S. Newsand World Report.

http://keepcaliforniaspromise.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/Understanding-the-Crisis.pdf


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Where do the fees go?

According to UC President Yudof, highereducational fees will pay for facultysalaries

Seven campuses sacrifice revenue tomaintain med schools and expensive labs

at UC Davis, UCLA, and UCSF

UCSF ends up with a 459% returnCity on the Hill, UC Santa Cruz student newspaper (12/09)


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But what about financial aid?

In 1980, Pell grants covered 77% of total studentcosts at a four-year public college.

In 2010, Pell grants cover only about 25%. Averagedebt for UCSD students is about $15,000.

Due to financial pressures, Pell grant recipients havelower graduation rates.

Many college graduates are deferring graduateschool due to debt responsibilities.


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As colleges and universities shifttoward revenue generation throughacademic capitalism, they invest less

in historic democratic missions ofproviding increased access andupward mobility for less advantaged

populations of students.

Sheila Slaughter and Gary Rhoades,Academic Capitalism and the New Economy (2009)

2008: Pressure grows at UC


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2008: Pressure grows at UCcampuses to admit more

non-residents

f i i


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Decline in number of first-generation andHURM students

Justifiable anger on the part of Californias

families; decreased public support

Likelihood that the State will continue todefund the UC system

Increased costs associated withrecruitment and yield of non-residentstudents and potential decline instandards

Long-term change in public character ofUC system

Impact of increase in non-resident students


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The disastrous changes in fee and enrollment policieswill sharply limit opportunities for California residentsand severely damage the already meager

enrollment levels of African American, Latino, andNative American students, and the enrollment of low-income students in general.

Bob Laird, former UC Berkeley director of admissions

Students take action


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Students take action

A woman is arrested by UC police after protesting at the Mission Baycampus in San Francisco. Faculty, staff and students are urging asystemwide walkout Sept. 24, the first day of classes for the fall quarter atmany UC campuses. (Paul Chinn / Associated Press / September 16)

R ll i t f hik


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Rally against fee hikes,UCSD 9/24/09

UC S Di


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UC San Diego

UCLA MEChA t R t


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UCLA MEChA at RegentsMeeting, 11/19/09


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UC police taser students


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UC Berkeley


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Bottom line for you

UC is becoming more private and less public, whichis bad for ACCESS (it will become a school for thewealthy with a few token Latino/a and AfAmstudents)

Fewer first-generation and HURM students will beable to attend

Educational opportunities will be reduced, and thiswill have an profound impact on future generations

of California youth


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Voices from the past




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The colleges and universities in the

past have existed in an aura ofomnipotence and infallibility. It is timethat they be made responsible and

responsive to the communities inwhich they are located.

Plan de Snta Brbara 1969

Ti f h


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The structures and functions of theAmerican university system have escapedintensive and honest scrutiny.

Black people know this and so do theMexicans--and so do the disillusionedsons and daughters of the white workingclass.

-- Dr. Ralph Guzmn (UCSC, 1969)

Time for a change


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Possible Solutions

Eliminate Prop. 13s 2/3 majority bysupporting the California Democracy

Act calling for a simple majority toraise taxes

Create an oil and gas extraction taxdedicated for higher education(proposed AB 656)


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What you can do

Be informed. Learn about privatization and how it impacts highereducation

Defend public education by spreading the word

Demand a new Master Plan for the 21st century

Reject superficial definitions of diversity; insist on equitable

outcomes for women and historically excluded groups

Vote when the time comes! Lots of students dont vote; your votecounts

Speak out for the public good over private gain

Organize!

Documents

UC Crisis 2010 - Dr. Jorge Mariscal Presentation