Universitas Sumatera UtaraTeam

TWG IV:Renewable Energy Project Development

Site Survey

Sei Siarti and Selat Beting Village is the name of chosen for location of the implementation of renewable energy development projects in the program CASINDO of North Sumatera .

Administratively, the village of Sei Siarti and Selat Beting is located in the district Labuhan Batu , Panai Tengah Regency , North Sumatera province.

Map of Labuhan Batu Regency

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Market Analysis

Table 1. Total Population of Sei Siarti and Selat BetingVillage

Population Village/Sub Village

Male Female Total Household

Sei Siarti 3594 3360 6954 1668 Selat Beting 2088 2048 4136 916 Source from : BPS office

Demographic profile of selected location

Table 4 : Education Background of Village

Name of Village Age of Structure (year) 7 - 15 16 Š 18

School Not School School Not School Sei Siarti 67 33 28 72 Selat Beting 70 30 21 69 Source from : Village chief

Table 3: Education Facilities and number of student

No Education

Level

Total Education Facilities

Number of Teacher

Number of Student

1 SD ( Basic School)

1 24 1091

3 SMP ( Yu nior School)

- - -

4 SMA (high School)

- - -

5 University - - -

Source from : Education office of Panai Tengah Distric.

Economic profile

Table 4 : Type of work Sei Siarti and Selat Beting Village

Name of village Type of Work Farmhand Government Industrial Another

Sei Siarti 75 0.70 6 18.3 Selat Beting 74 1.3 3 21.7 Source from : Panai Tengah Distric office

The Precentage of Income

45%

35%

12%

8%

1

2

3

4

1. Rp 90.000,- - Rp 299.000,- 2. Rp 300.000,- - Rp 899.000,- 3. Rp 900.000,- - Rp 1.499.000,- 4. > Rp 1.500.000,-

Table 5. Energy expenditure per fuel type at Sei Siarti and Selat Beting Village

Energy service

Fuel type Total

monthly cost Cooking Wood +

LPG Rp. 278.000

Cooking Kerosen Rp.200.000,-

Lighting kerosene lamp

Rp.200.000

Lighting Electricity (Gense)

Rp. 65.000,-

Transportation Gasoline Rp. 25.000,-

Energy profile (current household energy situation):

Table 6. Size of Energy supply

Type of energy Energy Supply

(Bundle/Litre/Watt) Remark

Wood 10 Cooking Kerosene 25 Cooking

&Lighting Electricity /PLN - Lighting Gasoline 15 Transportation

Product DescriptionSolar Home System

Indonesia is one country that carry out the Bali Road Map in 2007 and the Copenhagen Protocol in 2009, which has a c ommitment to reduce carbon gas emissions each year. Utilization of renewable energy sources like Solar Power Plant (PLTS) in replacing the Diesel Power Plant to reduce emissions of carbon gases. Solar Power Generation or so-called Solar Home System is generally in the form of small-scale systems, using solar module 50-100 Wp (Watt Peak) and generate electricity daily of 150-300 Wh. The use of SHS is also in line with the program of PT PLN (Persero) is determined to complete the waiting list electric customers throughout Indonesia

SHS installed in decentralization (one house a plant, so it does not require a distribution network) SHS ideal for remote areas or areas that are not included PT PLN distribution network. Currently the use of SHS is not merely just for lighting but can also be used for television systems. In Indonesia, demand for this system started to show increased since the 2000s along with a vigorous campaign for urban green energy and the removal of fuel subsidies by the government in 2005, which makes the cost of generator operation, especially in the area (island) remote becomes increasingly expensive and lead to price PLTS increasingly competitive.

Technology Description

Table 7. Estimated Cost to Construct of SHS System Size (WP) 50 80 100 Voltage 12 V 12 V 24 V Watt 50 W 80 W 100 W Total of Lamp 2 4 5 Accu 60 Š 80 Ah 60 Š 80 Ah 80 Ah Inverter 12 Š 300 W 12 Š 500 W 24 Š 500 W The Cost to be paid (IDR Million)

4.6 6,6

8,1

Installation of SHS system begins with the installation of solar modules in a place that is not prevented from receiving sunlight, usually mounted on rooftops, or in front of the house using a pole with a height of approximately 5 meters. The module is connected to a battery located in the battery box. At Battery Boxes Battery Control components are also used as a controller unit to the electrical equipment to be supplied power by the SHS. After installing the module then made the installation of cable homes that are tailored to the location of the lights in the house. Components of SHS can be seen in the figure below.

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Social benefits to adopting the proposed technology are:

1. Reducing the burden of women to collect firewood and facilitates alternative additional activities to fill the time available, especially for female

2. Provide lighting (lamps) with better quality, so the hour long learning and more activities.

3. Improving access to information (radio, TV).4. Creating new business opportunities in the village by becoming a

distributor, and service centers that can be done by cooperatives.

5. Creating employment in the village, as the sales center, and service centers that require local power.

Technical Feasibility

The capacity of a SHS used can vary depending on user needs, ranging from 50 WP, 80 WP to 100 WP.

SHS installed system has a power output and the use of lighting in different amounts. In addition to the total use of lights and power output, system SHS has the kind of output voltage AC and DC.

Size SHS (WP)

50 80 100

Watt 50 80 100

Total of Lamp

2 5 5

Component SHS

1. Solar Panels, changing intensity of sunlight into electrical energy. Solar panel / solar cell produces a stream that is used to fill baterai.

2. Controler, which is its function as a regulator of both the flow of electrical current that flows in and out / be used.

3. Battery, its function is to save electricity.

4. Inverter, its function if the electrical equipment / electrical loads using alternating - (AC), the PLTS system because its function is required to use an inverter that converts direct current into alternating power - behind. In operation, the inverter also requires electrical power consumption to run

Financial Analysis

OPERATING COSTS Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4

O2 Installation costs 42,000,000 42,000,000 42,000,000 42,000,000 O3 Component costs 423,150,000 423,150,000 423,150,000 423,150,000

TOTAL 465,150,000 465,150,000 465,150,000 465,150,000

Operating Costs

All figures are in local currencyProvince Unit 40Regency Unit 30

Number of Unit SHS 70Installation CostElectrical Installation3 Lamp TL 1500001 electric outlet 50000SHS Installation 400000

Total Installation Cost 600000Component CostSolar Modul 80 Wp-12V 2800000Controler 10 A 320000Batrey 60-80 Ah 1350000Box Batrey 300000Inverter 12V - 500 watt 850000Cable 2x2,5 = 6 m 40000NYZ Cable = 25 m 60000Iron Stick 125000Lampu 11 Watt - 3 Pcs 150000Accessories (bolt, nut, clamp) 50000

Total Component Cost 6045000Installation + Components Cost 6645000

Grants and Subsidies

Grants and Subsidies Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 41 Province Government 265,800,000 265,800,000 265,800,000 265,800,000 2 Regency Government 199,350,000 199,350,000 199,350,000 199,350,000 3 Preoperation cost - - - - -

Subtotal - 465,150,000 465,150,000 465,150,000 465,150,000 TOTAL all years 1,860,600,000

Revenues

Revenues Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4R1 Revenue from 1 10,500,000 105,000,000 10,500,000 105,000,000

Units 70 70 70 70 Baterry - 1,350,000 - 1,350,000 Lamp 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000

REVENUES 10,650,000 105,150,000 10,650,000 105,150,000

DISCOUNT RATE: 12%

TOTALS Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3COSTS (& GRANTS/SUBSIDIES) 2010 2011 2012 2013

Capital Cost Cc 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Capital / pre-operation grants Gc 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Operating costs Co 0.0 465,150,000.0 465,150,000.0 465,150,000.0Operating grants Go 0.0 465,150,000.0 465,150,000.0 465,150,000.0TOTAL COSTS TC = (Cc-Gc)+(Co-Go) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0NPV TOTAL COSTS (discount rate = 10%) NPV TC = TC / (1+disc rate)t; t = year of operation 12% 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

BENEFITSRevenues R 0.0 10,650,000.0 105,150,000.0 10,650,000.0NPV revenues NPV R = R / (1+disc rate)t; t = year of operation 6% 195,860,889.5 0.0 10,047,169.8 93,583,125.7 8,941,945.4

InterestTaxesDepreciation

NET INCOME NIt = Rt -TCt 0.0 10,650,000.0 105,150,000.0 10,650,000.0Accumulated Income* AIt = AIt-1 + NIt 0.0 10,650,000.0 115,800,000.0 126,450,000.0NPV NET INCOME NPV NI = NI / (1+disc rate)t; t = year of operation 12% 167,739,050.4 0.0 9,508,928.6 83,824,936.2 7,580,459.6

Benefit/cost Ratio B/C ratio = NPV R / NPV TC #DIV/0!

Case Flow-Base Case

DISCOUNT RATE: 12%

TOTALS Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4COSTS (& GRANTS/SUBSIDIES) 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Capital Cost Cc 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Capital / pre-operation grants Gc 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Operating costs Co 0.0 465,150,000.0 465,150,000.0 465,150,000.0 465,150,000.0Operating grants Go 0.0 465,150,000.0 465,150,000.0 465,150,000.0 465,150,000.0TOTAL COSTS TC = (Cc-Gc)+(Co-Go) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0NPV TOTAL COSTS (discount rate = 10%) NPV TC = TC / (1+disc rate)t; t = year of operation 12% 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

BENEFITSRevenues R 0.0 10,650,000.0 105,150,000.0 10,650,000.0 105,150,000.0NPV revenues NPV R = R / (1+disc rate)t; t = year of operation 12% 167,739,050.4 0.0 9,508,928.6 83,824,936.2 7,580,459.6 66,824,725.9

NET INCOME NIt = Rt -TC t 0.0 10,650,000.0 105,150,000.0 10,650,000.0 105,150,000.0Accumulated Income* AIt = AIt-1 + NIt 0.0 10,650,000.0 115,800,000.0 126,450,000.0 231,600,000.0NPV NET INCOME NPV NI = NI / (1+disc rate)t; t = year of operation 12% 167,739,050.4 0.0 9,508,928.6 83,824,936.2 7,580,459.6 66,824,725.9

Benefit/cost Ratio B/C ratio = NPV R / NPV TC #DIV/0!

Cash Flow-Risk Analysis

Universitas Sumatera UtaraTeam

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