Thermal Vacuum Power

TVP Applied to Solar Air Conditioning

January 2017

2012 AWARD

INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISE

Solar Air Conditioning (SAC) With Absorption Chillers

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Solar thermal directly drives air cooling machinery

Housing programs Single developer offering standardized solutions for individual or multiple scale, end-user deployments

District cooling Centralized deployment, with single cooling plant remotely serving multiple end-clients

Large scale commercial & industrial buildings End-client site deployment, custom size & configuration

Solar thermal panel design: Mirrorless, flat geometry with high-vacuum insulation Panel features: Corrosion-proof all-metal casing Embedded return HTF flow under high-vacuum Spot-Check™ visual vacuum verification 100% recyclable

Absorption chiller specs: Hot water, single or double effect machinery requiring inlet temperatures up to 90°C and 175°C, respectively

TVP SAC: System Strengths & Uniqueness

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Game-changing value proposition for solar air cooling with TVP panels Only solution for daylight peak cooling relief in high ambient temperature environments The higher the ambient temperature, the higher the TVP panel solar thermal efficiency (as opposed to PV). TVP SAC is the only solution that benefits from the high solar input at peak cooling demand hours, reliably reducing air conditioning-related peak demand.

Minimizes air conditioning-based electricity needs while reducing utility bills and black-out risk Substitutes & cuts power need and electricity consumption, running air conditioning via solar with combustible auxiliary. Highly relevant where power generation and grid capacity are limited. Relieves stresses on electricity transmission grid and minimizes black-out risk.

Best solar solution for dusty, hazy, polluted, humid & overcast environments Solar field output is affected by light conditions and further reduced by particulate accumulation on collector surfaces. Uniquely, TVP panels require no water-based cleaning in these environments, because high vacuum insulation enables effective capture of full-spectrum diffuse light.

Flexibility to match any client need in any weather conditions

Absorption chiller hybridization via an integrated auxiliary burner allows maximum solar use in any weather conditions, providing both cooling & heating. SAC system can be configured to serve new construction and/or integrated into existing ducted electric air conditioning via shared cold storage.

System capacity and solar contribution are scalable TVP-based solar field modularity combined with absorption chiller scalability meets the cooling needs of any client. Only TVP can further scale and extend the solar contribution to air conditioning power requirements over daylight operations via the addition of thermal storage.

TVP SAC: Solar Directly Driving Absorption Chillers

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Combining best-of-breed solar thermal panels and absorption chillers

TVP panels:

• Highest sun-to-thermal efficiency up to 200°C in any weather condition at any operating temperature

• The only solar panel Solar KeyMark certified up to 200°C

• Ideally suited for high ambient temperature environments

• Ideally suited for dusty, humid, hazy, coastal environments because of its ability to capture diffuse light

• High durability & no performance degradation over time

• Minimal maintenance: no panel cleaning

• Smallest installation footprint

• Easy architectural integration or no ground preparation

• Proven in Middle East for SAC

Absorption chillers:

• Requires/consumes minimal electricity

• High COP up to 1.41

• Efficient hybrid operation with dual firing: solar with combustible auxiliary

• Flexible firing source: LNG, LPG, diesel, biogas

• Wide range of machine capacities (up to 5MW), modular for large deployments and redundancy

• High reliability

• Remote monitoring and control

• Easy maintenance

• Operationally proven in high irradiance regions

TVP SAC: Choosing the Right Chiller Configuration

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Chiller choice driven by region & optimal $/kWhcooling cost and consistent solar contribution

• Above 1’700 kWh/m2/y irradiance: double stage absorption chiller when hybridization with combustible available

• Below 1’700 kWh/m2/y irradiance: single stage absorption chiller

• Independent of irradiance solar-only SAC: single-stage absorption chiller

Note: TVP recommends hybrid systems to serve cooling needs up to 24/7, using complementary combustible to provide smooth output to the application machine at required temperature in order to maximize solar energy use

Peak efficiency performance: 2E chiller: COP up to 1.41 @ 175°C MT-Power: 530Wth/m² @ 175°C Sun-to-cooling: 75% ------------------------------- 1E chiller: COP up to 0.78 @ 90°C MT-Power: 730Wth/m² @ 90°C Sun-to-cooling: 57%

TVP SAC: Cooling Large-Scale Commercial & Industrial Buildings

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SAC integrates with centralised air conditioning units/ducts, for existing and new-build facilities

Shopping Centers

Datacenters Office Buildings

Warehouses

TVP SAC: 100% Electric Replacement For Large-Scale

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Hybrid solar + combustible AC (SAC) model - a substitute for electric AC

An auxiliary (natural gas, LPG, diesel, biogas, biomass, etc.) burner complements solar energy from TVP panels to provide up to 24/7 air conditioning (it provides additional lift between solar field thermal generation and temperature required by absorption chiller).

Solar thermal contribution to overall SAC requirements varies depending on solar field size with related thermal storage capacity (which can extend solar use over daylight hours).

TVP SAC: Existing Electric Peak Relief (Hybrid) For Large-Scale

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Peak relief model - hybrid SAC

Absorption chiller driven by hybrid solar + combustible operates only during daylight providing peak cooling relief for an electric ducted chiller via shared chilled water storage tank operating in a standard cooling distribution network.

Maximizes the use of solar energy and absorption chiller during daylight (up to 8 hours/day) while minimizing combustible and electricity consumption. The burner only becomes operational to provide the lift between solar field temperature output and the minimum chiller temperature requirement.

TVP SAC: Existing Electric Peak Relief (Solar-Only) For Large-Scale

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Solar-only SAC peak relief model

Absorption chiller is driven by solar thermal energy only during daylight and provides peak cooling relief for an electric ducted chiller, via shared chilled water storage tank which operates a standard cooling distribution network.

This configuration operates only when solar is able to meet the temperature required by the absorption chiller (up to max 5 hours/day during summer) .

TVP SAC Value Proposition

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Game changing value proposition well-suited for Gulf region

Proven breakthrough panel performance: reliable energy output with no water-based cleaning needed

The only solar product able to directly drive air conditioning machines and run off-grid

Directly compete with fossil fuels and replace electricity and combustibles (diesel, LNG, SNG, PNG)

Secure air cooling energy costs over 20 years and offset highly volatile energy market prices

Decouple highest energy-demanding application from grid and minimize peak demand

Cut out diesel for electricity generators, particularly in remote areas

Contribute to corporate social responsibility plan and save on CO2 emissions from fossil fuel-run grid

Thermal Vacuum Power

Send us a project and application machine specs

TVP will supply a detailed feasibility study including:

• Preliminary solar field design

• Simulated energetics

• Budget quotation

• Economic analysis

email: info@tvpsolar.com

TVP Solar SA: A Swiss Company

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Develops, manufactures and markets innovative high‐vacuum flat solar thermal panels

TVP Technology: Thermal Vacuum Power Charged™

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Breakthrough solar thermal technology built on 10 proprietary patents

TVP uniquely combines high-vacuum insulation and planar layout in solar thermal offering high performance up to 200°C!

Suppression of convection losses via high-vacuum insulation allows to operate with high efficiency at high temperatures without concentrating mirrors

Glass Plate

Heat Absorber

Fluid Pipe Glass Support Structure

High-Vacuum Insulation

TVP Panels: Certified Best Thermal Performance

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Highest performance at any operating temperature, in any light condition, for every thermal app

TVP beats flat plates, evacuated tubes and concentrators in efficiency and energy production, in any environment, due to best insulation and highest direct & diffuse light capturing

TVP Unique Features: Diffuse Light Capture & No Cleaning

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The only solar product that consistently operates without cleaning in harsh/dusty environments

2217 1988 1957

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Riyadh Kuwait City Abu Dhabi

TVP captures both direct and diffuse light

No cleaning is required by TVP panels Dust accumulation only affects TVP efficiency up to 20%

Dust accumulation increases sunlight scattering (diffuse)

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Irradiance Energy output never-cleaned panel Dust Effect

TVP Panels: High Performance Even Without Cleaning (I)

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Demonstrated performance in-field without cleaning over continuous years

TVP Panels: High Performance Even Without Cleaning (II)

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Dust accumulation was measured to have minimal effect on TVP performance

May 12th 2015 before cleaning

2,44kWhth with 5.95 kWhth (40% efficiency @175°C) Peak panel operating temperature 164°C

Peak ambient temperature 43,6°C

May 13th 2015 after dry-brush cleaning

2,73kWhth with 5.71 kWhth (47% efficiency @175°C) Peak panel operating temperature 176°C

Peak ambient temperature 47,5°C

Dust-covered panel performance only affected by 14%!!!

TVP Solar Thermal Collector: Key Advantages

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Game changing technology perfectly suited for Gulf region

Thermal Vacuum Power Charged TM panels are designed to operate at high temperature MT-Power panels deliver (up to 200°C) without concentrators or mirrors

Ideally suited for high ambient temperature environments The higher the ambient T°, the higher the panel efficiency

Captures diffuse light making panels ideal for dusty & hazy environments Uses up to 40% more light in Gulf region than other technologies!

Totally off-grid thermal supply (removes power demand from the electrical grid) Peak performance highly correlated with peak demand

Minimal or no cleaning and maintenance Thanks to diffuse light capturing, cleaning is not necessary and can be done at customer option

Runs automatically and independently, has a web-based remote control system

Efficiently utilizes available space Requires minimal footprint

Easy architectural integration: can be deployed on any walkable rooftop (50kg bearable load)