BMS (Blast Management System)

is a blasting administration system and is the organization center for JKSimBlast. Here, the user is allowed to define how to group and relate the created and collected data by analysis and design programs (i.e. 2DBench, 2DRing and 2DFace) as well as other applications. Generated data in mining activities are inherently hierarchical in nature, so a relational database schema is a perfect mechanism for storage and manipulation of this data. This is the schema adopted by the BMS. As each object is created in a primary table and is assigned only one ID.

There are many objects of information available in the BMS program, including: Mine, Geotechnical Domain, Blast Fragmentation, Costs, Survey Point, Bench Photographs, Videos, Graphs and Generic Files. A BMS database is automatically generated and displayed in a Tree View.

Besides the management data features such as search, filter, transfer and save, the BMS also incorporates extra tools for data evaluation and reporting: 3D Blasting visualization

and compliance reports.

2DFace

allows developing a complete open pit blasting design with all their elements: establish a blast area, to configure a design, (with the corresponding data as burden, spacing, hole diameter, length, etc.), charge explosives, insert delays in hole and in surface, tying holes and others.

All data is stored in Microsoft Access databases with full 3D coordinates (East, North, Level). A blast design is divided into five modes: Area, Drill, Load, Downhole delays and Surface delays.

Also, 2DBench has some analysis tools to evaluate designs or back-analyze measured performance.

Area Mode(Line/Polygon Creation)

• Draw and edit strings and polygons. • Set string and text labels on the design • Import strings and polygons. • Cut / Copy / Paste strings and labels.

Drill Mode(Hole Creation)

• Hole properties and pattern parameters. • Drill single holes and patterns.(square, staggered, polygon, follow string). • Import holes from text file. • Edit hole properties. • Cut / Copy / Paste holes and attached data.

Load Mode(Material Loading)

• Load multiple decks of materials. • Load by length, mass, depth from collar or percentage of hole length. • User-definable materials stored in Stocks database. • Explosives and non-explosives(stemming, air-deck, water, etc). • Modify material properties at any time. • Deck properties stored with design.

Down Hole Delays Mode(Downhole Delay Sequencing)

• Insert detonators, primers and connectors.• Insert at distance from toe or collar. • Define scatter (standard deviation) for timing analysis. • User-definable items stored in Stocks database. • Modify properties at any time. • Properties stored with design.

Surface Delays Mode(Surface Delay Sequencing)

• Define detonators and connectors. • Define scatter (standard deviation) for timing analysis. • Connect any two holes or a line of holes. • Inter-hole, inter-row, uni- and bi-directional. • User-definable items stored in Stocks database. • Modify properties at any time. • Properties stored with design.

Analysis Tools

• Detonation Simulation.• Burden Relief Analysis.• Detonation Lines.• Run Montecarlo Simulations.• Fragmentation (Kuz-Ram and JKMRC models).• Calculate 3D and 4D Energy Distributions.• Vibration Analysis.

2DFace

This JKSimBlast module allows the user to create a complete tunnel blast design, including charge and relief hole creation, decks, downhole and surface delays and connections, and then run specific analyses, such as detonation simulations and near field PPV calculations. Design can be further complemented by strings and polygons, defining

various features and outlines. Basic analyses for volume, tonnage, powder factor, component and total costs can be calculated for the design.

All data is stored in Microsoft Access databases with full 3D coordinates, plus component details (hole parameters of dip, bearing, diameter, length, properties of explosives, detonators, primers and connectors), plus timing information.

A blast design is divided into five component types. Each type of component has its own creation mode, they include: Area, Drill, Load, Downhole delays and Surface delays. Each mode has specific tools and functions, with several global editing tools and reporting, query, input and output functions. Additionally a number of engineering analysis tools are available to evaluate designs or back-analyse measured performance.

Area mode and drilling positions(Line/Polygon Creation)

• Draw and edit strings and polygons. • Set string and text labels on the design .• Import strings and polygons. • Cut/copy/paste strings and labels. • Definition of planes (drives) at any orientation. • Auto creation of drive outlines from pre-defined shapes or convert from imported or created strings.

Hole mode(Hole Creation)

• Hole properties and hole types. • Drill single holes or group of holes (e.g. burn cuts, side holes). • Define and save burn cuts. • Edit hole properties. • Cut/copy/paste holes and attached data.

Load mode(Material Loading)

• Load single holes. • Automatic loading of fans. • Load multiple decks of materials. • Load by length, mass, depth from collar or percentage of hole length. • User-definable materials stored in Stocks database. • Modify material properties at any time. • Deck properties stored with design.

Down Hole Delays mode(Downhole Delay Sequencing)

• Insert detonators, primers and connectors. • Insert at distance from toe or collar. • Define scatter (standard deviation) for timing analysis. • User-definable items stored in Stocks database. • Modify properties at any time. • Properties stored with design.

Surface Delays mode(Surface Delay Sequencing)

• Define detonators and connectors. • Define scatter (standard deviation) for timing analysis. • Connect any two holes or a line of holes. • User-definable items stored in Stocks database. • Modify properties at any time. • Properties stored with design.

Analysis tools

• Detonation simulation. • Burden relief analysis. • Detonation lines.• Run montecarlo simulations.• Image Digitiser.• Calculate 3D and 4D energy distributions. • Vibration analysis.

2DRing

is the underground ring blast design and analysis module of JKSimBlast. It allows the user to create multiple planar ring designs consisting of blast holes, decks, downhole and surface delays and connections, and then to run specific analyses such as detonation simulations and energy distributions. The design can be further described by strings and polygons defining orebody outlines, drilling boundaries and underground openings (drives, etc.). Basic analyses for volume, tonnage, powder factor, component and total costs can be calculated for the design.

All data is stored in Microsoft Access databases with full 3D coordinates (East, North, Level). In addition, this module allows detaiing ofl components, hole parameters such dip, bearing, diameter, length and also properties of other elements such as explosives, detonators, primers and connectors, plus timing information.

A design is divided into five component types. Each one has its own creation mode: Area and drilling positions, holes, Load, Downhole delays and Surface delays. Each mode has specific tools and functions, with several global editing tools and reporting, query, input and output functions.

Area Mode and Drilling Positions(Line/Polygon Creation) • Draw and Edit strings and polygons. • Set string and text labels on the design. • Import strings and polygons. • Cut / Copy / Paste strings and labels. • Definition of ring planes, drilling drives and drill ring positions.

Hole Mode(Hole Creation) • Hole properties. • Drill single holes or automatic drill to boundaries. • Convert lines to holes. • Edit hole properties. • Cut / Copy / Paste holes and attached data.

Load Mode(Material Loading) • Load single holes. • Automatic loading of fans. • Load multiple decks of materials. • Load by length, mass, depth from collar or percentage of hole length. • User-definable materials stored in Stocks database. • Modify material properties at any time. • Deck properties stored with design.

Down Hole Delays Mode(Downhole Delay Sequencing) • Insert detonators, primers and connectors. • Insert at distance from toe or collar. • Define scatter (standard deviation) for timing analysis. • User-definable items stored in Stocks database. • Modify properties at any time. • Properties stored with design.

Surface Delays Mode(Surface Delay Sequencing) • Define detonators and connectors. • Define scatter (standard deviation) for timing analysis. • Connect any two holes or a line of holes. • Inter ring connections. • User-definable items stored in Stocks database. • Modify properties at any time. • Properties stored with design.

Analysis Tools • Detonation simulation. • Burden relief analysis. • Detonation lines.• Run Montecarlo simulations.• Calculate 3D and 4D energy distributions.• Vibration analysis.

With TimeHex is possible to visualize the number of decks (or mass) detonating versus the time.

2DView

With 2DView it is possible to visualize created data in the design and analysis modules (2DBench, 2DRing, 2DFace) in different orientations. Also, contour graphics can be created with the different blasting variables, such as explosive energy distribution, costs, blast controllable variables, etc.

Units

It is possible define the units involved in the different parameters of a design, either in the metric or international system or in a custom measurement system that user can create.

Stockview

This utility allows entering databases of explosive and accessories of the main suppliers (DynoNobel, Orica, Enaex, etc.) to the design and analysis modules 2DBench, 2DRing and 2DFace or creating a database with the particular characteristics of the mine site.

Design Importer

This makes it possible to import a polygon or a blast pattern to the design and analysis modules 2DBench, 2DRing o 2DFace from some software such as Autocad R14, Datamine, Surpac, Vulcan and others.

ANALYSIS TOOLS

Blast Simulation

With this tool it is possible to analyze if blast design will perform according as planned.

Burden Relief

Allows visualizing detonation of the previous decks to the one we are analyzing, to determinate if these will have enough time for explosion. The result graph shows each hole with a color representing a success scale respect its detonation.

Time Contour Grid Lines

This tool provides a graph and the hole detonation sequences can be visualized. Each color represents a scale of time, as illustrate in the following figure:

Montecarlo Simulations

Often is useful to simulate characteristics of an experiment, before carrying out it. The Montecarlo technique is a probabilistic formula to generate probability distribution for variables, such as the blast detonation sequence.

Estimate of the Fragmentation (Kuz-Ram y JKMRC)

There are two options to estimate the size distribution before detonation: the Kuz-Ram and JKMRC models.

Material Fragmentation Estimation before Blasting, with Kuz-Ram model.

Material Fragmentation Estimation before Blasting, with the JKMRC model.

Explosive Energy Distribution

2DBench incorporates two methods to calculate and display the Explosive Energy Distribution in 3D space:

• Static Energy Distribution 3D.• Dynamic Energy Distribution 4D.

The 4D Explosive Energy Distribution differs from a 3D calculation, in that the detonation timing is considered as the fourth dimension.

Vibration Analysis

Allows predicting the vibration level, based on the Holmberg and Persson model. In the next figure, the red area represents the higher vibration level.

Image Digitiser

This tool allows creating a design in the face of a tunnel with a digital image.

In order to execute specific analysis, the main objective of the Image Digitiser is help to define and to enter the condition of a shot "just as it was drilled" and then compare the designed versus the real conditions.