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Turkey
Culture, Politics & Legal System, Economy
Foreign Area Studies
Team members
BiZhi from China
Jalynbek from Kyrgyzstan
Sunlu from China
Yekaterina from Uzbekistan
ZhaoXin from China
Report struc-ture
Introduction
Culture
Politics & Legal Sys-tem
Economy
Population History
Religion MusicDance Turkish architectureFood Etiquette and CustomsValue and Attitude Social Structure
Political structureModern Political structureLegal SystemCourts& Judgments
General overview Structure of Turkish economyService sector Transportation Communication TourismFinancial sector Agricultural sectorIndustrial sector Construction sectorNatural recourses Energy sector
Introduc-tionPopulation: 79~million
Largest Cities:
Istanbul ANKARA (capital) BursaAdana
Ethnic Groups:Turks 76%Kurds 15%Other 8.3%
Brief History
Ottoman Empire 14th ~20th cen-turies
An independent state since 1923
The Ottoman Empire
ulture
ulture
Clothing culture is also mostly based on Is-lamic rules.( women have to hide some parts of her body)
Turkish music has combined the distinct cul-tural values of all those civilizations which have lived in Anatolia and the Ottoman territo-ries.
Folk dances have different characteristics based on region and location. Even each has special costumes, steps, rhythms and instruments
Religion: Islam : 99.8% (mostly Sunni),other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)
ulture The architectural styles and structural systems of Turkish buildings are unique convergence of West and Middle East
Turkish cuisine is largely the heritage of Ottoman cuisine, which can be described as a fusion and refinement of Central Asian, Middle Eastern and Balkan cuisines
Tea culture Tea is an important part of the Turkish cul-ture. Offering tea or coffee is considered to be a sign of friendship and hospitality
Coffee culture: Coffee-house is the most popular social place in Turkey where people have coffee, tea and at the same time play poker together.
Greeting ulture
When meeting shake hands firmly.
Friends and relations would greet each other with either one or two kisses on the cheek.
Elders are always respected by kissing their right hand then placing the forehead onto the hand.
Greet people with either the Islamic greeting of 'Asalamu alaykum' (peace be upon you) or 'Nasilsiniz' (How are you? pro-nounced na-sul-su-nuz).
ulture Values and attitudes:- The father is usually responsible for making the basic income
- father as the head of the family, but the mother has equal rights.
- Women get married at an earlier age than men and settle into their role of housewife and home maker.
- Nearly every female univer-sity graduate has only one child
- When Turkish people meet each other they ask questions about family and health.
- maintain an eye contact while speaking
ulture Social Structure - The urban upper class is mainly made up of government officials, wealthy business people, and profes-sionals, and is primarily determined by political power and/or education.
- College degree, is the passport to joining the urban middle class
- About 65 percent of the poor classes depend on un-skilled work for their liveli-hood.
Politi s
Politi s
A military officer and the first president of the Republic of Turkey
Creator of Secular and military State Of Turkey
Controlled the state from 1923~1938
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
Politi s
Parliamentary representative democratic re-
publicThe Parliament consist of multi-parties
Prime-minister is the head of government
The President is the head of state with large
ceremonial role but limited power
Government system
State StructureState Structure is based on division of
powers
Executive power
• President• Prime minister• Council of Ministers
Legislative power
•TGNA(Mejlis)• National security council
Judicial power
•Constitutional court• Supreme court• council of state
Constitution
Political Principles
The Turkish Constitution and most mainstream political parties are built on the following principles:
Kemalism(1930~still exists) Laicism (1970~ Modernization (2000~
Some other influences: Neo-Liberalism Socialism Communism
Economi s
National indi-cator
•GDP: $1.116 Trillion(2010)
•GDP growth : +9.0 % (2010)
•GDP/capita: $ 10.106(Nominal) $15.340(PPP)
•GDP by sector: Agriculture:9.4%, industry:
25.9%, services: 64.7%
•Inflation: %10.4
•Labor Force: 25.3 million
•Unemployment: 8.8% vs Korea 3.4% (2011
est.)
GDP by sector, 2009
ServiceIndustryAgriculture
GDP by Sector
Services: 64.7% Industry: 25.9%, Agriculture: 9.4%,
GDP by sector, 2009
Credit rating table
Rating com-pany
Rating Out-look
1 Standard & Poor’s BB Stable
2 Moody’s Ba2 Positive
3 Fitch BB+ Stable
Range of Eco-nomic system
• THE TURKISH ECONOMY is being transformed in the 1990s from a state-led to a market-oriented econ-omy.
• Today it is somewhere near to mixed economyCen-
trally planned
Mixed Market econ-omy
Turkey
Human devel-opment index
Turkey ranks on 92nd position among 187 countries
Textile industry
• Turkish companies made clothing exports worth $13.98 billion in 2006; more than $10.67 billion of which (76.33%) were
made to the EU member states
Shipbuild-ing
• Turkey is one of the world's leading shipbuilding nations
• 2007 Turkish shipyards ranked 4th in the world (behind China, South Korea and Japan)
Infrastructure
• As an emerging market Turkey has a competitive commercial infrastructure.
• Has 102 Airports which 22 are open to International traffic• The number of airline passengers is expected to reach 120
million in 2011
Steel indus-try
•Turkey ranks 10th in the list of countries by steel production•In 2010, total steel production was 29 million tons. Main producers:
•Erdenir (7.1 million tonnes) (47th )
•Habaş (4.4 million tonnes) (72nd)
•İçdaş (3.6 million tonnes) (76th)
•Diler (2.3 million tonnes) (108th)
•Çolakoğlu (2.1 million tonnes) (110th)
Transport
• Shipping plays an important role in the Turkish economy.• The country's 8,430-kilometer coastline is covered with large
and small ports• The rail network was 10,991 km in 2008,(22nd in the World)• As of 2010, the country had a roadway network of
426,951 km, including 2,080 km of expressways and 16,784 km of divided highways
Agriculture
Turkey is one of the largest producers of cherry, fig, apricot, pomegranate, quince, hazelnut.
1st place by production output of the agricultural goods in 2007
2nd largest producer of watermelon, cucumber,
3rd largest producer of tomato, eggplant, green pepper
4th largest producer of onion and olive
5th largest producer of sugar beet
6th largest producer of tobacco, tea, and apple
7th largest producer of cotton