Tuesday, January 25, 20001 Management of Information Systems: 45-870 Mini-3 Spring 2000

Tuesday, January 25, 2000 1

Management of Information Systems: 45-870

Mini-3Spring 2000


Agenda

Announcements and Reminders Technology Byte Presentations Computer Software:

Concepts and Trends The Software Development Process

Web Page Design and Coding FrontPage Demo (Cont’d) HTML Basics


Announcements Technology Byte Presentations

Today (1/25): Section A: CyberCoast, Calc.com, WHJ

Consultants Section B: Y2K, The Mob

Thursday (1/27): Section A: E-Team, Tigers Section B: E-Sales, The Masters

IT Exercise I Due on Thursday (1/27)


The Information Technology Platform: Building Blocks

HARDWARE

SOFTWARE & DATA

TELECOMMUNICATIONS


Software Trivia Who is considered to be the first

computer programmer?


COMPUTER SOFTWARE

HARDWAREHARDWARE

SYSTEM SYSTEM SOFTWARESOFTWARE

APPLICATION SOFTWAREAPPLICATION SOFTWAREOPERATING SYSTEM:OPERATING SYSTEM:

SCHEDULES COMPUTER SCHEDULES COMPUTER EVENTS, ALLOCATES EVENTS, ALLOCATES COMPUTER RESOURCES COMPUTER RESOURCES MONITORS EVENTSMONITORS EVENTS

LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS:LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS:

INTERPRETERSINTERPRETERSCOMPILERSCOMPILERS

UTILITY PROGRAMS:UTILITY PROGRAMS:

ROUTINE OPERATIONSROUTINE OPERATIONSMANAGE DATAMANAGE DATA

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES:PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES:

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE; FORTRAN; ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE; FORTRAN; COBOL; PL / 1; QBASIC; PASCAL; C; C++; COBOL; PL / 1; QBASIC; PASCAL; C; C++;

“FOURTH GENERATION” LANGUAGES“FOURTH GENERATION” LANGUAGES


General-Purpose

ApplicationPrograms

General-Purpose

ApplicationPrograms

Application-Specific

Programs

Application-Specific

Programs

SystemManagement

Programs

SystemManagement

Programs

System Development

Programs

System Development

Programs

ApplicationSoftware

System SoftwareSystem Software

ComputerSoftware

ComputerSoftware

Types of Computer Software


ResourceManagement

ResourceManagement

TaskManagement

TaskManagement

UserInterface

UserInterface

FileManagement

FileManagement

Utilitiesand OtherFunctions

Utilitiesand OtherFunctions

Functions of an Operating System


Operating Systems Examples: Windows, Windows-NT,

Linux, MS-DOS, Mac OS, Unix, OS/2 Why should managers care about

operating systems?


Machine Languages: Use Binary Coded Instructions

Assembler Languages: Use Symbolic Coded Instructions (e.g., Assembler)

High-Level Languages: Use Brief Statements or Arithmetic Notation (e.g., COBOL, PL/1, Fortran)

Fourth-Generation Languages:

Object-Oriented Languages: Use Combinations of Objects (e.g., Java, C++, VisualBasic)

Use Natural and Nonprocedural Statements (e.g., SQL)

Types of Programming Languages


Examples of Commands in Different Levels of Languages

Machine Language:1010 110011011 110101100 11011

Assembler Language:LOD YADD ZSTR X

High-Level Languages:X = Y + Z

4th Generation Languages:Sum the following numbers….


LanguageTranslation

Process

LanguageTranslation

Process

SourceProgram

MachineLanguage

ObjectProgram

Written inBASIC,COBOL,

etc.

LanguageTranslatorProgram

• Compiler• Interpreter• Assembler

The Language Translation Process


OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING COMBINES DATA & PROCEDURES INTO A

SINGLE OBJECT PROGRAM SENDS MESSAGE TO OBJECT

TO PERFORM EMBEDDED PROCEDURE OBJECT’S DATA ENCAPSULATED FROM

REST OF SYSTEM CREATES REUSABLE CODE REDUCES TIME AND COST OF WRITING

SOFTWARE


Examples of Object Classes

ClassName

Attributes

Methods


FirstGeneration

FirstGeneration

SecondGeneration

SecondGeneration

ThirdGeneration

ThirdGeneration

FourthGeneration

FourthGeneration

FifthGeneration

FifthGeneration

User-Written ProgramsMachine Languages

Packaged ProgramsSymbolic Languages

Operating SystemsHigh-Level Languages

DBMS Fourth- Generation LanguagesMicrocomputer Packages

Natural & Object-Oriented

LanguagesMultipurpose

Graphic- Interface Network-enabled Expert-Assisted

Packages

Trend: Toward Easy-to-Use Multipurpose Network-Enabled ApplicationPackages for Productivity and Collaboration

Trend: Toward Visual or Conversational Programming Languages andTools

Trends in Programming Languages


Programming Languages Why should managers care about

programming languages?


DevelopmentProduct:

Operational System

DevelopmentProduct:

Operational System

InvestigationProduct:

Feasibility Study

InvestigationProduct:

Feasibility Study

AnalysisProduct:

Functional Requirements

AnalysisProduct:

Functional Requirements

DesignProduct:

System Specifications

DesignProduct:

System Specifications

MaintenanceProduct:

Improved System

MaintenanceProduct:

Improved System

Understand theBusinessProblem orOpportunity

Develop aSoftwareSolution

Implementthe SoftwareSolution

Software Development Cycle


OrganizationalFeasibility

TechnicalFeasibility

EconomicFeasibility

OperationalFeasibility

Investigation


DataDesignData

Design

UserInterfaceDesign

UserInterfaceDesign

ProcessDesign

ProcessDesign

Analysis & Design


Development Alternatives Buy a package (or an object!) Develop software code

Prototyping CASE tools


Use and Maintainthe Accepted

System

Use and Maintainthe Accepted

System

Identify an EndUser's Information

Requirements

Identify an EndUser's Information

Requirements

DevelopInformation System

Prototypes

DevelopInformation System

Prototypes

Revise the Prototypesto Better Meet EndUser Requirements

Revise the Prototypesto Better Meet EndUser Requirements

PrototypingCycle

MaintenanceCycle

Prototyping


PlanningToolset

AnalysisToolset

DesignToolset

InformationIntegrator

WorkstationRepositories

CodeGeneration

Toolset

DatabaseGeneration

Toolset

SystemInterface

ServerRepository

CASE

Computer-Aided Software Engineering


Development Managerial Concerns

Cost/Budget Cycle Time Schedule Errors


Maintenance Coding done after software

implemented Average software systems life =

10 years Managerial concerns:

Cost of maintenance When to repair, enhance, or replace?

Documents

Tuesday, January 25, 20001 Management of Information Systems: 45-870 Mini-3 Spring 2000