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Thursday, February 3, 2000 1
Management of Information Systems: 45-870
Mini-3Spring 2000
Thursday, February 3, 2000 2
Agenda Announcements Technology Byte Presentations Database Trends Telecommunications and
Internetworking Technologies Information about Mid-Term
Thursday, February 3, 2000 3
Announcements Technology Byte Presentations
Thursday (2/3): Section A: Digital Agents, Hyperlinks Section B: Alwin & the Chipmunks, Cash
Money Brothers
Thursday, February 3, 2000 4
Announcements IT Exercise II due no later than
midnight this Friday, 2/4/00 Submit one set of answers for your team You can email to me as an MS Word
attachment or submit as hard copy Technology Byte Report
Due on no later than midnight this Friday, 2/4/00
Submit as a web page linked to your team’s home page that you had created in the first IT exercise
Thursday, February 3, 2000 5
Technology Byte Presentations
Section A: Digital Agents Hyperlinks
Section B: Alwin & the Chipmunks Cash Money Brothers
Thursday, February 3, 2000 6
The Information Technology Platform: Building Blocks
HARDWARE
SOFTWARE & DATA
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Thursday, February 3, 2000 7
DATABASE TRENDS
DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING: Multiple Geographical / Functional Systems Connected with Network Web Databases
DISTRIBUTED DATABASE: Data Physically Stored in more than one Location PARTIONED DUPLICATE
Thursday, February 3, 2000 8
DATABASE TRENDS
OBJECT- ORIENTED: Data and Procedures Stored Together; can be Retrieved, Shared
HYPERMEDIA: Nodes Contain Text, Graphics, Sound, Video, Programs. Organizes Data as Nodes.
MULTIDIMENSIONAL: 3D (or higher) Groupings to Store Complex Data
Thursday, February 3, 2000 9
DATABASE TRENDS
DATA WAREHOUSE: Organization’s Electronic Library Stores Consolidated Current & Historic Data for Management Reporting & Analysis
Thursday, February 3, 2000 10
Network Server
Network Server
ExternalDatabases onthe Internet &
Online Services
Client PC or
NCOperational
Databases ofthe Organization
AnalyticalDatabases of
Critical Organization
Data
End UserDatabases
DistributedDatabases on
Intranets & Other
Networks
DataWarehouse
Databases in the IT Architecture
Thursday, February 3, 2000 11
The Information Technology Platform: Building Blocks
HARDWARE
SOFTWARE & DATA
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Thursday, February 3, 2000 12
TelecommunicationsSoftware
TelecommunicationsSoftware
1
2 3 52
PCs, NCs, and Other Terminals
4 ComputersTelecommunicationsChannels and Media
TelecommunicationsProcessors
Basic Components in a Telecommunications Network
Thursday, February 3, 2000 13
Network Component ExamplesExamples
MediaMedia
ProcessorsProcessors
SoftwareSoftware
Twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber optics, microwave radio, communications satellites, cellular phone systems, radio, infrared
Twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber optics, microwave radio, communications satellites, cellular phone systems, radio, infrared
Modems, multiplexers, switches, routers, hubs, gatewaysModems, multiplexers, switches, routers, hubs, gateways
Network operating systems, telecommunications monitors, middlewareNetwork operating systems, telecommunications monitors, middleware
ChannelsChannelsAnalog/digital switched/nonswitched, circuit/message/packet/cell switching, bandwidth alternatives
Analog/digital switched/nonswitched, circuit/message/packet/cell switching, bandwidth alternatives
Topology/ArchitectureTopology/
Architecture
LAN, WAN, VAN, VPN, Client-Server, Internetworked EnterpriseLAN, WAN, VAN, VPN, Client-Server, Internetworked Enterprise
Telecommunications Components
Thursday, February 3, 2000 14
Telecommunications MediaMEANS BY WHICH DATA ARE
TRANSMITTED: TWISTED PAIR ( Copper Wires) COAXIAL CABLE: (Insulated Copper
Wires) FIBER-OPTIC CABLE WIRELESS
Thursday, February 3, 2000 15
Telecommunications Processors Modems Multiplexers Switches Routers Hubs Gateways Examples:
Typical use of Telecommunications Processors CMU’s use of Telecommunications Processors
Thursday, February 3, 2000 16
Communications Software Network Operating Systems
Telecommunications Monitors
Middleware
Thursday, February 3, 2000 17
Telecommunications Channels Analog vs. Digital Switched vs. non-switched Switching Alternatives Transmission Speed: Bits per
Second (BPS) or Baud Bandwidth: Capacity of Channel;
Difference between Highest & Lowest Frequencies
Thursday, February 3, 2000 18
NetworkServer
NetworkServer
Shared Database and
Software Packages
SharedPrinter
Internetwork Processor to Other Networks
PCPC
PC PC PC
Telecommunications Topologies:
Local Area Network (LAN)
Thursday, February 3, 2000 19
LAN Topologies
HOSTHOST
USERUSER
USERUSER
USERUSER USERUSER
STARSTAR
Thursday, February 3, 2000 20
LAN Topologies
BUSBUS
USERUSER
USERUSER
USERUSER
USERUSER
USERUSER
USERUSER
Thursday, February 3, 2000 21
LAN Topologies
USERUSER
USERUSER
USERUSER
USERUSER
RINGRING
Thursday, February 3, 2000 22
Wide Area Network (WAN)
NETWORK SPANS LARGE GEOGRAPHIC DISTANCES
CAN INCLUDE CABLE, SATELLITE, MICROWAVE
SWITCHED LINES: Route Determined by Current Traffic
DEDICATED LINES: Constantly Available for High-Volume Traffic
Thursday, February 3, 2000 23
Value-Added Networks (VAN) and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) VANs:
PRIVATE; MULTIPATH; DATA ONLY 3rd PARTY MANAGED USED BY SEVERAL ORGANIZATIONS SUBSCRIPTION BASIS
VPNs:
Thursday, February 3, 2000 24
Client-Server Networks Distributes computing power End user PC or NC are clients Clients interconnected by LANS to
network servers LANs interconnected to other LANs
and WANs
Thursday, February 3, 2000 25
Inter-networks Brief History of the Internet
ARPANET, 1969 ARPANET & Milnet, 1980s = “the
Internet” NSFNET, 1986 ARPANET retired 1990 Web users, 1996 = 25 million Web users, 2000 > 160 million
Internet vs. Web
Thursday, February 3, 2000 26
Connecting to the Internet How to connect:
phone cable satellite LAN
Types of connection services: Internet connection providers (ISPs) Proprietary Content Providers (AOL)
Thursday, February 3, 2000 27
Internet Characteristics Open standards and protocols (TCP/IP) Asynchronous transmission of data:
ROUTERROUTER
Information Packets
Header
Header
Header
DestinationDestination
IP Address
Thursday, February 3, 2000 28
Internet Bandwidth
What is bandwidth important for the Internet?
Internet Technology Bandwidths and Uses Modem ISDN Ethernet LAN Leased Lines (T1 and T3) ATM
Thursday, February 3, 2000 29
Internet Security Internet Commerce
Encryption and Digital Certificates
Firewalls
Thursday, February 3, 2000 30
Organizational Uses of Internetworking Technologies
Intranet
Extranet
Thursday, February 3, 2000 31
The InternetThe Internet
CompanyCompany
IntranetsIntranets
IntranetsIntranets
IntranetsIntranets
IntranetsIntranets
CustomerCustomer SupplierSupplier
Intranet
Other Company Locations
ExtranetExtranet
ExtranetExtranet
The Inter-networked Enterprise
Thursday, February 3, 2000 32
More electronic commerce, enterprise collaboration, online business operations etc. via networks
More vendors, carriers, alliances, and network services,accelerated by deregulation & Internet Growth
More Internet, interconnected local & globaldigital networks, improved transmission channels
Industry Trends
Technology Trends
Application Trends
Telecommunications Trends
Thursday, February 3, 2000 33
Mid-Term Exam: Feb. 8
Logistics and Location can use laptops in GSIA 152 or use PCs in
ELC or manually write answers in blue books
we will use the network printer for printing ELC is reserved so you can print your
answers there
Thursday, February 3, 2000 34
Mid-Term Exam: Feb. 8
Format: you will have 90 minutes to complete it,
excluding print time this is an individual, not team effort Be sure to:
ATQ: answer the question! Be very specific and precise in your answers –
general or vague answers will not receive full credit
open book, open note, open network, except: NO E-MAILING TO CLASSMATES TO SHARE
ANSWERS !!
Thursday, February 3, 2000 35
Questions: consists of 4-6 short answer questions
and 1-2 longer answer questions Questions have multiple parts short answer questions are technical
(i.e., definitions) and longer answer questions are application oriented (i.e., like in-class exercises, homework exercises, etc.)
Mid-Term Exam: Feb. 8
Thursday, February 3, 2000 36
Mid-Term Exam: Feb. 8 Some Sample Technical Questions:
What are some important trends in micro-processors? Will micro-processor performance continue to improve dramatically? Why or why not?
How is a relational database different than a traditional “flat” file? Provide a specific example to illustrate your answer.
What is the difference between a network computer and a personal computer? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
How is a primary key different from a concatenated key different from a foreign key? Provide examples to illustrate.
What is normalization? Why is it important to normalize? Provide an example to illustrate.
What is the difference between a LAN and a WAN? In what situations would a company prefer to use a LAN? a WAN?
What is middleware and why is it an important technology for organizations?
Thursday, February 3, 2000 37
Mid-Term Exam: Feb. 8 Some Sample Application Questions:
Consider the IT called “artificial intelligence”. What is artificial intelligence? Describe how you think this IT will change business in the future. What are the business opportunities of this IT? What are the primary dangers, threats, or business challenges associated with this IT?
Describe an effective process for companies to use in creating web pages in their intra/inter/extra/nets. That is, should they centralize or de-centralize the design, development, implementation and maintenance? Should they use an HTML generator or code HTML by hand? Should they standardize or allow autonomy in web design? Justify your choices.
Thursday, February 3, 2000 38
Mid-Term Exam: Feb. 8 Preparation and Review
Covers material: Discussed or presented in class In Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 7 of text In handouts (e.g., database handout, FrontPage
handouts) On Course Web Site In in-class exercises
Suggest outlining or organizing your material so you know where to find things during the exam
Thursday, February 3, 2000 39
Mid-Term Exam: Feb. 8
If you are unable to take the exam on Feb. 8 you must notify me no later than Feb. 7, 2000 and
explain why you cannot take the exam. I must excuse you, and we will set up a date and
time for make up of the exam. Note that the make-up exam will have different
questions than the exam administered in class Unexcused absences will result in a grade of
zero on the exam