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Chapter 4.1 Cleaner Production

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What’s in a name?

Source reduction

Eco efficiency

Cleaner Production

Industrial ecology

Industrial metabolism

Green productivity

Waste minimisation

Waste avoidance

Waste reduction

Waste prevention

Green Productivity

Pollution Prevention

Cleaner Production is the continuous application of an integrated preventive environmental strategy to

processes, products and services to increase overall efficiency and reduce risks to humans and

the environment

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The production process

Waste prevention

Cleaner Production

Source: David S Newby

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Waste hierarchy

Source: David C Wilson 1993, 1997, 2001

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Sustainable consumption

•Conserving finite resources eg use of renewable energy

•Reduction of toxic or polluting components

•Shift from products to services

•Improved product design

•Re-use and recycling of waste

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Elements of a product policy for waste prevention

•Product design:•eco-design•green chemistry initiatives•reverse engineering

•Green purchasing policies

•Targets for recycled content in new goods

•Reverse distribution (collection of end-of-life products)

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Key players in Cleaner Production

Global bodies eg UNEP, WBCSD, UNIDO

National and regional governments

Industry associations

Industry sectors

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Cleaner Production Centres

National Centres:

Brazil - China - Costa Rica - Czech Republic -

El Salvador - Ethiopia - Guatemala - Hungary

- India - Kenya - Mexico - Morocco -

Mozambique - Nicaragua - Slovak Republic -

Russia - Tanzania - Tunisia - Vietnam -

Zimbabwe

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Case study: China

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Tools for waste prevention and Cleaner Production

• Economic instruments• Environmental Management Systems

eg ISO 14 000, ISO 14001• Life cycle assessment (LCA)• Auditing• Environmental impact assessment• Technology assessment eg EnTA• Eco-labels• Product design initiatives

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Support systems and delivery mechanisms

• National and international conferences

• Waste management and technology centres

• Sector-based working groups and networks

• Training institutes for management and technical personnel

• Professional management bodies

• Cleaner Production Centres - national & regional • Round Tables• National and global information systems

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Waste prevention and the waste industry

Conflicts?

Disincentives?

• Need to work with industry not simply for industry

• Need to extend the role of recycling companies to include prevention

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Chapter 4.1 Summary

• Cleaner Production requires the continuous application of an integrated strategy

• It applies to on-site processes and includes a number of measures to reduce resource consumption

• Key players in Cleaner Production include global, national and regional bodies, industry associations, CPcentres

• There are a number of tools and support systems available to help industry

• The role of the waste industry is influential