TRP Chapter 1.3 1

Chapter 1.3 Developing a hazardous waste

policy and strategy

TRP Chapter 1.3 2

Strategic policy and planning hierarchy

Source: Strategic Planning Guide for MSW Management 2001

TRP Chapter 1.3 3

Vital components

)

ENFORCEMENT

LEGISLATION

SUPPORTSERVICES

FACILITIES

Institutional arrangements

Stakeholders

Source: David C Wilson 1993

TRP Chapter 1.3 4

Waste hierarchy

Source: David C Wilson 1993, 1997, 2001

TRP Chapter 1.3 5

Waste management evolution 1

DILUTION

TREATMENT

RECYCLING

REACTIVE

CLEANER PRODUCTION

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

PROACTIVE

Source: World Bank Technical Paper 93

TRP Chapter 1.3 6

Policies and instruments to promote compliance

COMMAND ANDCONTROL

REGULATION

ECONOMICINSTRUMENTS

INFORMATIONDISSEMINATION

AND USE

VOLUNTARYAPPROACH

Source: David C Wilson 1999

How to control?

TRP Chapter 1.3 7

Elements for control

WASTE GENERATOR

1255

TRANSPORTATION

*

FACILITIES

DEFINITION ORCLASSIFICATION OF

WASTE

Regulatory Tools for Control

Source: David C Wilson 1999

TRP Chapter 1.3 8

Elements of legislation

Generator Recycling

DisposalTreatmentStorage

Transport

Responsibilities

Controls

TRP Chapter 1.3 9

Hazardous waste in a wider context

Hazardous waste policies are just one part of the country’s wider environmental protection programme

Must also address: •open dumping of non-hazardous wastes •uncontrolled discharge of sewage and factory effluents•marine pollution•air pollution •controls over toxic chemicals•pesticide policy•hazardous materials transport

Need to progress over a broad front

TRP Chapter 1.3 10

Enforcement

Effective enforcement of hazardous waste legislation:

• needs sufficient resources, administrative back-up

• should be phased in gradually

• must be monitored

• relies on enforcement of existing environmental protection laws

• should be transparent to encourage compliance

TRP Chapter 1.3 11

Support services

Infrastructure and support services

needed include:

•Analytical services

•Consultancy services

•Training and skills development

•Information systems

TRP Chapter 1.3 12

An integrated approach to hazardous waste management

ENFORCEMENT

LEGISLATION

SUPPORTSERVICES

WASTE

GENERATOR

FACILITIES

DEFINITION OR

CLASSIFICATION

OF WASTE

TRANSPORT

COMMAND AND

CONTROL

REGULATION

FACILITIES

ECONOMIC

INSTRUMENTS

INFORMATION

DISSEMINATION

AND USE

VOLUNTARY

APPROACH

COMPONENTS OF THE

OVERALL SYSTEM

ELEMENTS

WHAT TO CONTROL?

HOW TO

CONTROL?

*

InstitutionalArrangements

Stakeholders

Source: David C Wilson 1999

TRP Chapter 1.3 13

Developing a regional plan

for hazardous

waste management

Source: Strategic Planning Guide for MSW Management 2001

TRP Chapter 1.3 14

Experience in developing a national hazardous waste management

systemThe experience of other countries offers useful guidance:• See how HWM systems are put together• Compare and contrast different national approaches

• Understand the existing local system• Choose the ‘best of the rest’ from around the world

• Adapt these to local needs and circumstances• Build a unique local system

TRP Chapter 1.3 15

Common elements in successful implementation

• Use a package of actions

• Build support of public and government

• Combine co-operation and coercion

• Make enforcement practical, taking into account available resources

• Gradual build-up of controls, interfaced with other pollution control legislation

• Some short term actions plus longer-term plans

TRP Chapter 1.3 16

Waste management evolution 2

Source: Robinson, Waste Management & Research March 1990

TRP Chapter 1.3 17

Common constraints and difficulties in implementation

•Inadequate early identification and quantification of wastes

•Poor enforcement of existing pollution controls

•Long delays before facilities are provided

•Lack of public confidence

•Lack of resources for enforcement

•Complexity and fragmentation of administrative aspects

TRP Chapter 1.3 18

Some guiding principles

• Do something now rather than

investigate for too long• Provide money up-front to

facilitate action• Use both carrot and stick

TRP Chapter 1.3 19

Useful first steps

• Document and quantify problem

• Designate and train responsible staff

• Control water pollution and solid

wastes

• Early measures for waste minimisation

• Interim treatment/disposal measures

• Raise public/political awareness

• Obtain appropriate independent advice

TRP Chapter 1.3 20

Chapter 1.3 Summary

•This chapter stresses the need to take strategic and integrated approach, and to develop vital components in parallel

•It sets the evolution of waste management policies in the wider context

• Need for national and regional planning

• Learn from the experience of others

• Common elements of successful implementation, and common constraints

• Guiding principles

• Useful first steps