Trends towards Next Generation Internet · Intra-/Extranets SDHSDH ... Handover GGSN SGSN MSC RNC RNC RNC RNC University of Würzburg Institute of ... Phase Diagram of a …

University of WürzburgInstitute of Computer ScienceProf. Dr. Phuoc Tran-Gia

Phuoc Tran-GiaInstitute of Computer Science

University of Würzburg

Trends towards Next Generation Internet

University of WürzburgInstitute of Computer Science Phuoc Tran-Gia

Impossible to see the future is.

(Master Yoda)

Searching the Future Internet


The IP bottleneck

IPIP

E-commerceE-commerce

VPNVPN

Call CenterCall

Center

Internet AccessInternet Access

ATMATM

WDMWDM

Intra-/Extranets

Intra-/Extranets

SDHSDH

TDMTDM

GSMGSM

VoIPVoIP

Web cacheWeb

cache

New applicationsNew applications

High-speed transportHigh-speed transport

Worldwide infrastructureWorldwide infrastructure

Traffic explosionTraffic explosion

Everythingover IPEverythingover IP

Peer to peer

Peer to peer

Interact. video comm.Interact. video comm.


IP & Post-IP

science or repair shop ?

future application

IP protocol


Usage (service?) evolution

Internet evolution is mainly driven by innovative usages (or services)

telnet

WWW

eMail

… Future Applications

Evolution

P2P


Projects toward Future Internet

USA

GENI : Global Environment for Network Innovations (USA)

FIND : Future Internet Network Design

u-IT839 : Future of the Internet for Korea (Korea)

European Union: FP6 & FP7:

Network of Excellence: Euro-NGI, Euro-FGI, …

EIFFEL

other EU Framework 7 projects to come

Japan: Collaborative Overlay Research Environment (CORE)

IKT 2020 (BMBF, Germany)



1. Trends and observationsProjects towards Next Generation Networks

Multi-Network Service & Edge-based Intelligence

2. Service Evolution

Overlay and self-organizing networks

Changes in user traffic behavior

Functional versus stochastic scalability

Example: VoIP signaling platform with an overlay network

3. Challenges

Quality of Service or Quality-of-Experience

Evolutionary path to the Future Internet


Trends

From Multi-Service Network to Multi-Network Service

Blurring of Link between Network Provider and Services

From Quality of service (QoS) to Quality of Experience (QoE)

Edge-based Intelligence

Content placement: boundary between providers and users is disappearing


Network-centric: Multi-Service Networks

Service

Service

Provider

Network

Provider

Application

Internet Service

Provider A

Carrier A Carrier B Carrier X

Telephony Service

Provider XY

Internet Service

Provider B

PSTN

TelephonyWebServices Other Services

Internet

Telephony

Browser InstantMessenger

Soft Client Phone


Application-centric: Multi-Network Service

Network

Provider

WLAN

Wired

UMTS

Application

Service

Service

Provider

VoiceInstant

Messaging

Data

Transfer

Presence

InformationVideo

Personal

Communication

Application

PSTN

Internet Service

Provider A

Internet Service

Provider B

Service

Provider C

Multi-Network Service


Services, Platforms and Networks

User A User BServices:- Phone call- Content Distribution

Platforms

Skype SIPPOTSBitTorrenteDonkey KaZaA

NetworksWired

SensorsUMTS


Trends







Overlay Control Structure

NGNcore

transport network

overlaystructure

supportingnew service


Stepwise Traffic Change

web

7,9%

OTHER

23,3%

FTP

0,3%

email

1,2%

P2P applications

67,4%

source:Telefonica 2004Jose EnriquezCOST 279, Rome: traffic observed in a transit router


Trends in Services and Platforms

Until now: Service design by network provider

classic way to design service, provider and platform-dependent

Future Evolution: Edge-based service design

designed and deployed by user groups

transition from disruptive technology to business cases

edge-based intelligence & application-driven overlay structure

example: P2P content delivery


Trends







Intelligence Placement & Service

Da

ta

Da

ta

Da

taD

ata

Da

ta

User InitiatedService

Server

Da

ta


Examples for Edge-Based Intelligence & Platforms

free VoIP-Platform

since July 2004

acquired September 2005 (4.1 Billion $) by eBay

Source: Wikipedia

video clips platform

since February 2005

acquired October 2006 (1.3 Billion $) by Google

Platform for pictures

since 2002, first as feature of an on-line game

Acquired March 2005 by Yahoo


Trends in Services and Platforms

Transition to Multi-Network Services & Multi-Platform Services

highly dynamic network topology and traffic growth

customer behaviour changed, selfish users and applications

QoS issues unclear: customer perceived or network provider defined QoS










3. Challenges




Handover Decision Unit

Example: Multi-Network (Vertical) Handover

GGSN

SGSNMSC

RNC

RNC

RNC RNC


Peer

Overlay connection,e.g., Pastry

Example: Multi-Network (Vertical) Handover

GGSN

SGSNMSC

RNC

RNC

RNC RNC


Thinning the protocol architecture

Physical

Data Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

OverlayOverlay adapted to underlying layers

Increase efficiency and robustness

Supporting transport over any kind of

networks

Heterogeneity of network technologies

Interoperability between technologies

Application


Thinning the protocol architecture

Data Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Connectivity

Mediation

Application

Physical

Overlay

Application










3. Challenges




Selfish application: positive feedback bitrate

pack

et/b

it ra

te

time30ms

QoS assessment period QoS assessment

low QoS : increase

packet/bit rate

still low QoS: introduce other counter measures (e.g.,

Codec change, app. layer re-route)


Emulating Dynamic Changes

Interneteth0

eth1eth2

IPIPIPIPIP

IP

packet loss


Bandwidth Adaptation Based on QoS

Packet sent times depend on codec, independent on packet loss

Variable bit rate by increasing packet size, i.e. more audio data

sender

receiver

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

x 106

0

0.5

Time [ms]

Pac

ket

loss

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

x 106

0

50

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

x 106

0

50

Tim

e b

etw

een

pac

kets

[m

s]

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

x 106

0

0.2

0.4

Time [ms]

Pac

ket

loss

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

x 106

0

200

400P

acke

t si

zes

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

x 106

0

200

400

sender

receiver

emulatedpacket loss

packetloss

packet size










3. Challenges




Functional Scalability & Stochastic Scalability

Functional Scalability Stochastic Scalability

22 nodes

25 nodes

24 nodes,stable stationarystructure

24 nodes,higher churn rate(joins and leaves)


IP Call

InformationProvider

InformationSeeker

InformationPush

InformationPull

Chord Ring as Signaling Network

Example: P2P Voice-over-IP Signaling using Chord

Information:- nick-name- current IP-address- user profile


Performance analysis of a VoIP Signaling Platform

Voice-over-IP application with distributed P2P-based directories

Architecture: Signaling platform using Chord ring with distributed hash table

Scalability: how many customer can be supported by stochastically varying ring

size due to “churns”

Service Level: 99% of directory searches need less than 1 sec

Performance analysis with stochastic modeling approach

Research cooperation with Siemens


Model parameters

A

BTN

TN

TN one hop delay

X number of hops until searched peer is found

TA delay of the answer

T total search duration

X = 2

12

Wirednetwork

UMTSnetwork

WIMAXnetwork

TA


Phase Diagram of a Search Process

TN

TN

TN

TN TNTN

TN

TN

TN

TA

TA

TA

TA

p1

p0

p2

pi

pk

i - times

k - times

searchbegin

searchend

Probability, that the searched peer isi hops away


Stochastic Scalability

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

CT

N

= 0.5 1 1.5 2

t / E[TN

]

P(T

>t)

E[TN] = 50 ms10000 customers

Signalingplatformscales!

1 second

?


Quality of Service: Delay Quantile

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 100000

5

10

15

20

25

0.95-quantile

0.99-quantile

0.9999-quantile

Chord size n

sear

chde

lay

boun

d/ E

[TN

]

E[TN] = 50 ms

cTN= 1

0.75 sec

2000 customers


Conventional Service Architecture

Service2

Servicen

User/Application

Service1

time

time

time


Future Service-Oriented Architecture

Services

1Service Elements/Subservices /Substrates

2 3 M54

2 n1


Future Service-Oriented Architecture

Service ElementsSubservices

Service Supply Chain

Servive Elements BusService Discovery Engine

User/Application/Service

1 2 3 M54

time

time

time

Start ofapplication

End ofapplication










3. Challenges




Trends







Scenario

tQ

traffic adjustment

selfish

altruistic

usersbottleneck node

observe QoEfor period

QoEnotification


0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.81

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

ploss

MO

S v

alue

measurementIQX hypothesis

IQX Hypothesis : Exponential Relation between QoE and QoS

QoE = 3.0819 ⋅ e-4.6446 ⋅ ploss + 1.07QoS










3. Challenges




Disruptive Delelopment & Mainstream

ISDNPOTSMainstream

DisruptiveDevelopment

Old Data Services

ATM Future?

Today

IP

Next InternetTechnologies

P2P, VoIP, QuadPlay


MediationIncubator

MediationIncubator

Service Evolution, Testbed & Funding Strategies

InternetInternet

ApplicationsApplications

Evolved InternetEvolved Internet

Fut.

App. 1

Fut.

App. 1

Fut.

App. 2

Fut.

App. 2

Fut.

App. 3

Fut.

App. 3

Fut.

App. 4

Fut.

App. 4

10 years

Funding?

ApplicationPlayground



MediationIncubator

MediationIncubator



Fut.

App. 1

Fut.

App. 1

Fut.

App. 2

Fut.

App. 2

Fut.

App. 3

Fut.

App. 3

Fut. App. 4

Fut. App. 4

Service Evolution and Testbed


5 years

Beebl

e

Beebl

e

Who

opee

Who

opee

TestbedTestbedAdapted TestbedAdapted TestbedAdapted TestbedAdapted Testbed

MyP

ipe

MyP

ipe

Dist.

CDP

Dist.

CDP

ApplicationsApplications


MyP

ipe

MyP

ipe

Distr.

CDP

Distr.

CDP

InternetInternet

10 yearsToday



1. Trends and observationsProjects towards Next Generation NetworksMulti-Network Service & Edge-based Intelligence

2. Service EvolutionOverlay and self-organizing networksChanges in user traffic behaviorFunctional versus stochastic scalabilityExample: VoIP signaling platform with an overlay network

3. ChallengesQuality of Service or Quality-of-ExperienceEvolutionary path to the Future Internet– Testbed, Planetlab, Geni


Virtualization: Overlay & Slice Concept

PlanetLab Testbed

Slice A

Slice ?

…

Slice B

Slice ?

…

Slice A

Slice B

Slice ?

…

Slice A

Slice ?

…

Slice A

Slice B

Slice ?

…

PlanetlabNode

PlanetlabNode

PlanetlabNode

PlanetlabNode

PlanetlabNode

Project in (private) PlanetLab


A

B


Virtualization: Overlay & Slice Concept

PlanetLab Testbed

Slice A

Slice ?

…

Slice B

Slice ?

…

Slice A

Slice B

Slice ?

…

Slice A

Slice ?

…

Slice A

Slice B

Slice ?

…

PlanetlabNode

PlanetlabNode

PlanetlabNode

PlanetlabNode

PlanetlabNode


A

3) Project deploystest software

1) Configure PlanetLab Central

2) PlanetLab Central deploys slices

4) Run test software

6) Collect results

5) Establish overlaynetwork and measuredesired data


End of Talk

Thank you !

Documents

Trends towards Next Generation Internet · Intra-/Extranets SDHSDH ... Handover GGSN SGSN MSC RNC RNC RNC RNC University of Würzburg Institute of ... Phase Diagram of a …