TRENDS IN NICKEL & TITANIUM IN DUAL-SHOCK QUARK-NOVAE (ds-QNe)

The Quark-Nova Project: Talk III

R. OuyedU. Calgary

QN ejecta

SN ejecta

Part A: QNe in isolation (r-process) (a very brief account)

Part B: Dual-Shock QNe (ds-QNe) (56Ni & 44Ti)

Part C: Predictions (CasA an Atypical case)

CONTENT & Collaborators

Very efficient at processing A > 130 elements !

Rapid expansion

Slow expansion

Solar pattern ~0.03

JINA-connection

Part B: Dual-Shock QNe (ds-QNe)

Depletion of 56Ni

Formation of 44Ti

Collision between the QN-ejecta & SN-ejectaQN-Ejecta/PROJECTILE

nucleons Heavies

tdelay

tdelay = 1 day

SN-Ejecta/TARGET

Nomoto et al.Nucl. Phys. A 2006

Spallation

Heavy-ion Collisions

nucleons

heavies

SN-Ejecta

Each free nucleonspallates 102-3 Ni nuclei

.

.

.

.

.

123....

123....

10 GeV1 GeV

100 MeV

Nucleon

Spallation: n + Ni

@ SNS, about 30 neutrons by hitting 1GeV proton

on a heavy nucleus (30 MeV/ejected nucleon roughly)

Spallation Products

6 5630

56-30=26

A30

26Al, Si, Ph, S, …

6 5630

56-12=44

44Ti from 56Ni SpallationFontes et al., Nuc. Phys. A, 71Raisbeck & Yiuo, PRL, 71……..

NeutronEnergy

Spallation: n + Ni

Quark-Novae with tdelay ~ few days

A30

+

+

Heavies

Heavy-ion collisions: AQN + Ni

Accel. AGS SPS RHIC LHC

√s (GeV)

3-5 17 200 5500

sinel 21 33 42 60

NiAQN

Asystem= AQN+56 ~ 200

IMF: Intermediate Mass Fragments

REGIMES

AQN

Heavies

< 10 days IMFs

Ni

< 1 day TiA30

Long (> 10 days) 56Ni-rich + AQNHeavies-rich +IMF-poor

Intermediate (1 < t < 10) 56Ni-normal+44Ti-poor +A30-poor +IMF-rich

Short (< day) 56Ni-poor+44Ti-rich+A30-rich+IMF-rich

OBSERVABLESSN-QN Time Delay

Entering the dragon’s den …

Part C: Predictions

(CasA an Atypical case)

Issues with Supernovae and Titanium-44/Nickel-56 trends inferred from Cas A

Typical ? Atypical ? => ccSNe must be rare, if we think we understand nucleosynthesis & mass cut(DRAGON improved our understanding)

=> Ti-44 producing SNe are rare, special. Model should explain high 44Ti, low 56Ni

Is Cas A..

Woosley et al.StandardPicture:

If 44Ti-rich then56Ni-rich

Issues with Supernovae and Titanium-44/Nickel-56 trends inferred from Cas A

Heavier NS + Rotation

ds-QNe Cas A

If true

Suggestion: Type IIbs (SN1993J & Cas A) as dsQNe with short tdelay !No need for companion!

dsQN with tdelay < 1day!

dsQNe < 10% type IIType II b (3% type II)

Quark-N

ova Progenitors

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Cas A: Predictions

Short (< day) 56Ni-poor+44Ti-rich+A30-rich+IMF-rich

Need Experiments

Need Experiments

QNe Progenitors(25 < M/Msun <60)[QNe rate 1/10 SNe]

QNeNaturally kinked to

Mass-Function(thus to Fe-dex)

Chemical EvolutionVenkatessan, Jaikumar & Ouyed

QN

e Progenitors

Short (< day) 56Ni-poor+44Ti-rich+A30-rich+IMF-rich

Need Experiments

Need Experiments

Thank you! quarknova.ucalgary.ca The Quark-Nova Project

Cas A: Predictions

Short (< day) 56Ni-poor+44Ti-rich+A30-rich+IMF-rich

NormalVisualMagnitude +High-v SN

Need Experiments

Need Experiments

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