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EENNEERRGGYY MMEETTEERRSS

DDIIGGIITTAALL MMEETTEERR’’SS TTEECCHHNNOOLLOOGGYY

CCOOUURRSSEE MMAANNUUAALL ((EEMM--II))

Curriculum Development & Publication Cell

Regional Training Center LESCO

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AMOS & DMOS TRAINEE MANUAL

ENERGY METERS DIGITAL METER’S TECHNOLOGY COURSE MANUAL

E M – 1

(1ST EDITION: NOVEMBER 2010)

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

&

PUBLICATION CELL

Regional Training Center LESCO

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ENERGY METERS DIGITAL METER’S TECHNOLOGY COURSE MANUAL

� Introduction to LESCO � SDO's Percentage Meter Checking � Introduction to Static Meter � Instruction to Install Single Phase Meter in Urdu � Specification & Features of Digital Meters � Pre Test � Pre Test Key � Final Test � Final Test Key � Training Evaluation Form

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

&

PUBLICATION CELL

Regional Training Center LESCO

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INSTRUCTIONS FOR INSTRUCTORS

1. Introduction (in the First Lecture)

a. Introduce yourself to the trainees (Name, Designation, Qualification, Experience, Way of teaching etc.).

b. Get introduction of every trainee one by one (Name, Qualification, other desired information).

c. Provide basic information to the trainees about the training program.

i. Course Title

ii. Importance of The Course

iii. Course Outline

iv. Duration of The Course

v. Pre Test

vi. Mid Test

vii. Final Test

viii. Practicals

ix. Study Tours

x. On Job Training

xi. Certificate Awarding Ceremony

2. Study Trainee’s Manual in depth; even don’t miss its minute details.

3. Divide total topics of the course in suitable number of lectures, keeping in view the duration of the particular training program.

4. Cover all topics in due course of time.

5. Attend each class with prior preparation of the lecture.

6. Try to make your lecture interesting by providing different examples pertaining to the topic.

7. Make sure the attendance of all trainees in the class room/practical labs/yards and maintain discipline during lecture.

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Introduction of LESCO

Company History

� Government of Pakistan approved a Strategic Plan in 1994 as a consequence the power wing of WAPDA unbundled into 12 Companies for generation, transmission and distribution of electricity.

� Lahore Area Electricity Board was reorganized into corporatized entity Lahore Electric Supply Company (LESCO) with effect from 22-03-1998.

Vision

“To become the leader amongst the all utility companies in Pakistan, through customer

satisfaction”.

Mission Statement

“LESCO’s mission is to create a customer friendly environment. We will glow the lives of our

customers through provision of reliable power supply that will be ensured by employing latest

and emerging technologies. The customers and business needs will be catered through

automation. LESCO will strive to make the company commercially and financially prosperous on

sustainable basis and will further perform its entrusted role in the national economy. We

consider our human resource as an asset and would endeavor to develop highly professional,

skilled, motivated and satisfied human having ownership of what they do”.

Board of Directors (External)

� Chairman 1 � Member ?

Board of Directors (Internal)

� Chief Executive Officer � Operation Director � Technical Director � Finance Director � HR & Admin Director � CS Director � Legal Director � Manager MIS

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LESCO Offices

Operation Circles

North Lahore Circe 5 Divisions / 5 CSO / 24 Sub-Div.

Central Lahore Circle 5 Divisions / 5 CSO / 27 Sub-Div.

Eastern Lahore Circle 4 Divisions / 4 CSO / 22 Sub-Div.

Okara Circle 4 Divisions / 4 CSO / 21 Sub-Div.

Southern Lahore Circle 4 Divisions / 4 CSO / 21 Sub-Div.

Sheikhupura Circle 5 Divisions / 5 CSO / 22 Sub-Div.

Kasur Circle 5+1 Divisions / 5 CSO / 27 Sub-Div.

M&T Circles

Metering & Testing Circle1 3 Divisions

Metering & Testing Circle2 3 Divisions

Other Circles

Project Construction Circle 4 Divisions / 11 Sub Divisions

G.S.O. Circle 3 Divisions / 18 Sub Divisions

G.S.C. Circle 5 Divisions / 11 Sub Divisions

JURISDICTION & CONSUMERS

District Consumer

Lahore 1.79 m Kasur 0.37 m Sheikhpura 0.38 m Okara 0.34 m Nankana 0.12 m

STATE OF MANPOWER

Category Authorized

OFFICERS 531

TECHNICAL STAFF 12916

NON-TECHNICAL STAFF 9928

TOTAL 23375

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COMPANY WISE %AGE OF ENERGY SHARE

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SDO Percentage Meter Checking

Meter reading is done by the meter Reading staff of the AMOs/SDO's office according to the approved program mentioned above Meters for maximum demand supply for over 40 KW but not exceeding 500 KW are read by the AMOs/SDO and those for over 500 KW are read by the DMO/XEN or MO/SE in accordance with the standing instructions. The record' of reading is kept in Meter Reading Sheets (Kalamazoo) CP-Form-11. PREPARATION OF METER READING FORWARDING LISTS

From the Kalamzoo Sheets, Meter Reading Forwarding Lists (CP-Form-21C) are prepared by the Meter Reading staff and checked by the Line Superintendent in charge of the group of feeders. The Meter Reading Section Supervisor and the AMO/SDO also carry out a percentage check as indicated below. Meter Reading 20 Meters Per Week 15% per month up to 40KW Supervisor Line Superintendent General 5% Incharge Industrial 15% Tubewell 15% Report to the AMO/SDO any discrepancy noticed on the readings recorded by the Meter Reader and Line Superintendent. Assistant Manager (OP)/SDO 2 % per month up to 40 kW At least 5 meters per day unless there are extenuating circumstances. Two meters to be checked should be those which the meter reader had read the previous day. OTHER PRECAUTIONS

a) The AMO/SDO observes the Meter Reading staff and ensures that reading areas of all Meter Readers are rotated each six months, say in January and July. However, should there be a deliberate error; a Meter Reader can be rotated at any time. Similarly, Bill Distributors should not be kept in one delivery area for more than two months.

b) A Rise and Fall Register (CP-58) is kept by the Line Superintendent in charge to record consumption of unusual cases in order to investigate whether the meters are defective or to detect unauthorized extension of load or pilferage of electricity. The AMO/SDO checks this Register each week to ensure removal of/defects in meters, if any, and to prevent other malpractices on the part of the customers concerned. The DMO/XEN also inspects this Register each alternate month.

Deputy Manager Operation 10% of Industrial and Commercial consumers with connected load above 40KW and upto 500KW. At least 2 meters a day one meter independently i.e. which has not been checked by the AMO/SDO if not held up elsewhere. Manager Operation 15% Meter reading of consumers having connected load over 500KW. At least 5 meters per week as follows if not held up elsewhere

a) One meter checked to AMO/SDO b) One meter checked by DMO/XEN c) Three other meters.

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Introduction to Static Meters

Definitions:

Watt-Hour Meter.

An instrument intended to measure active energy by integrating active power with respect to

time.

Static Watt-Hour Meter.

Meter in which current and voltage act on solid state (electronic) elements to produce an

output proportional to watt-watt hour.

Background

� Up to 1990 only Electromechanical imported.

� AEG, Germany.

� Landis & Gyr, Switzerland.

� Schlumberger, Grance.

� Problems encountered in the Electromechanical Meters.

� MDI Overshooting.

� A long list of various other problems (sticking, stoppage, tampering).

� Migration to Hybrid Meters in 1991 and specification revised to take benefit of New

Technology.

� Syed Bhais/GE (USA).

� Landis & Gyr, Switzerland.

� Various problems encountered in Electro-mechanical MDI’s were resolved through

introduction of Hybrid Meters. However the improvements were not in line with the

expectations. Primarily because the hybrid type were not also intelligent meter providing

only Basic Energy Data without any tamper information. Only the complex mechanical

calculations of MDI were simplified electronically.

� Static Meters of Schlumberger were introduced in 1990 without any specifications

outlined by WAPDA.

� Specification for Static Meter (L.T/H.T) was generated first time in 1996.

First revision in 1999

� Second revision has now in November 2002

� Specification for 3 phase whole current (10-100) A Static meter was made 1st time in

WAPDA in 2003.

� Specification for Single Phase Energy Meter was made 1st time in WAPDA in 2004

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Electromechanical Watt hour Meter

� Potential Coil/Core produces a magnetic field representative of the voltage as its output.

� Current Coil/Core produces a magnetic field representative of the current as its output.

� Disk is made to rotate by the potential and current magnetic fields.

� Retarding magnets produce a breaking force to make the speed of the disk

representative of the circuit watts.

� Register adds the disk revolution but is designed to show the revolution in terms of

KWh

Electronic / Solid State Meter

Energy Meter

Types

Electro-

Mechanical

Solid State

Single

Phase

Three Phase

Whole

Current

Instrument

Operated

CT Operated LT

MDI

CT and Voltage

Operated HT

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� Voltage and Current sensors measure the respective values and give corresponding

electrical signal as output.

� A/D converters convert analog electrical signal to digital signal

� DSP microchip processes the digital voltage and current signal and gives one (or more)

proportional output such as KWh, VARh, V. I, p.f.

� The microcomputer or controller controls and connects the outputs of the DSP to the

Display, memory, option boards etc.

� Non-volatile data storage is provided through an EEPROM.

Electromechanical VS Static

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Construction

� Meter Base and Terminal Block Assembly Similar.

� Meter Cover Assembly Similar.

� Sensors/Transducers Electric Vs Electromagnetic.

� Integration Device Microprocessor VS Rotor Asm.

� Display Device LCD Vs Mechanical Counter. Communication Visual& Electronic Vs only

Visual.

Comparison of Electro Mechanical & Solid State Energy Meters

Electro Mechanical Meters

� This meter works on electromagnetic induction.

� It consists of electrical & mechanical parts like current/potential coils register, moving

disc etc.

� Different types of meters are required to measure different type of energy i.e KWH,

KVAR etc.

� It records only total energy consumed without discrimination of usage of time.

Electronic/Solid State Meters

� In this meter, voltage and current act on solid state elements to produce an output

proportional to the energy.

� It consists of logic circuits microprocessor, LCDs etc.

� One meter can record all types of energy.

� It can discriminate energy used at different times.

� Data of previous period could be read/retrieved after down loading.

� Billing dispute can be solved.

� Electromagnetic compatibility.

Salient Features of Electromechanical Meter

� Long Life

� Extreme Environmental Stability

� Low Functionality

� Medium Accuracy

� Tilt Error

Salient Features of Electronic Meter

� High functionality

� Highly Accurate

� No Tilt Error

� Maximum expected life of 15 years

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Security (Anti Tempering) Features

Electromechanical Meters

� Reverse Lock/Unidirectional.

� Security Box.

� Metallic Gears and Register Covered from all sides.

� Metallic gears.

� High Quality Light Emitting Diodes.

� Thin wire or other similar objects cannot be inserted in the meter case.

Electronic Meters

� Unidirectional Phase by phase.

� Diagnostics.

� Event Log

� Service Security.

� Software Based Calibration.

� Automatic Error detection

� LCD Display functionality.

Performance

� Stable Accuracy over life of the Meter.

� In-significant Effect of influence quantities on the Meter.

� Time of Day Tariff Capability.

� High performance Static Meters measure upto 5th harmonic.

� Precision demand Measurement of MDI.

� Load Profiling Capability.

� Event Log Capability.

� Visual and Electronic Communications Capability.

� A little Higher Failure Rate.

Tampering and Security

� Electromechanical Meters have Dumb Security and Anti-Tempering feature whereas

static Meters have intelligent Features.

� Logging of abnormal Events.

� Time and Date Stamping of Events.

� Correlation of Events with load Profile Consumption.

� Data and information processing capability.

� History and record of Events for the last 12 Months.

� Communication Security through Password and Recording.

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Metering Information Can be used for more than just billing. The current uses

include

� Tariff Design.

� Tamper and fraud.

� Energy Balances.

� Distribution and sub distribution system design.

� Load forecasting.

� Accounts receivable.

� Management and settlement of disputes.

Technical Application

� Load Control

� Meter Maintenance

� Load Surveys

� System Losses

� Energy Accounting

Main Parts of Static Meter

� Current sensor (Current Transformer)

� Voltage Sensor (Voltage Transformer)

� ADC (Analog to Digital Converter)

� DSP (Digital Signal Processor)

� PCB (Printed Circuit Board)

� LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

� MOV (Metallic Oxide Varistors)

� Optocom/Software (Optical Communication port)

� EEPROM (Electrical Erasable Programmable Read only Memory)

� Power Supply

� Microcontroller

� Backup Battery

� Terminal Block

� MDI RESET / TEST Mode Mechanism

Current Sensor Meter uses three current transformers for sensing current of each phase which has lot of benefits like

1- Highly DC Tolerant 2- Highly Linear Amplitude and Phase response with respect

to temperature and all other environmental conditions 3- High Dynamic Range sensing from few mA to Imax

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ADC (Analog to Digital Converter and DSP (Digital Signal

Processing)) Chip

� ADC- It converts the analog to digital signal from Current and

Voltage Sensors.

� DSP- It processes all Voltage and Current digital Signals from ADC

and integrate them with power factor for wattages.

PCB (Circuit Board)

Following main components are

mounted on PCB:

� ADC (Analog to Digital

Converter)

� DSP (Digital Signal Processor)

� Micro-controller.

� EEPROM (Non-Voltatile Storage

memory.

� Power Supply

� LCD (Liquid Crystal Display.

� PCB of main board is specially

treated in order to ensure

proper contract of SMD

components.

METALLIC OXIDE VARISTORS (MOV)

� IT consists of three MOVs (Metal Oxide

Varistors which protect the meter from high

Impulses up to the range of 10 KV.

� MOV ratings are selected such that even if any

case phase is connected to neutral the meter

is still protected from high impulses.

� In MOV Zinc oxide is sandwich between two

metal plates.

POWER SUPPLY

� Power Supply gives necessary DC supply (3.6V or 5V) required by Main Board).

� It has wide working range.

� 120 to 227 VAC (P to N)

OR

� 208 to 482 VAC (L to L)

� It also works on single phase (P to N) or (P to P) without any effect on metering.

� No Damage can occur to Power Supply / Meter even if any Phase of Meter is connected

to Neutral

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BACKUP BATTERY

� 3.6 Volt Replaceable Lithium-Ion Battery with standard connector is used to maintain

real time clock in meter.

� Battery has a casing for protection from UV

(Ultraviolet Radiations), the casing is fixed in a battery

enclosure.

� Battery maintains time, calendar and Multi-Rate

Program for a period of more than two years.

� Battery has Storage Life of about 20 years.

Terminal Block

� The Terminal Block is designed to accommodate

WAPDA specified 70 mm2, 4 core wire.

� The brass terminals are arranged in compliance

with IEC standards and fulfill all required

Clearances and creepage Distance

requirements.

� Terminal block passes Glow Wire Test at 960 Co

� Clearance 8mm minimum

� Creepage 20mm minimum

LCD

A Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is a thin, flat display

device made up of number of color or monochrome

pixels arrayed in front of a light source or reflector it

consumes very small amounts of power, suitable for

low power devices.

OPTOCOM / SOFTWARE

� Meter employs Bi-Directional communication port as per:

� ANSI C-12.18 Protocol

� The meter can be programmed with DOS/Windows based

Software through Optocom Port.

� Meter software is highly secured, it provides access as per user

requirement

� Three levels of access are available:

1- Administrator.

2- Writer

3- Reader

� MDI, TOU and Display entries can be programmed through software

� Optocom Reader can be connected to Serial port as well as USB Port

MDI RST / TEST MODE MECHANISM

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� Meter is equipped with two meter is equipped with two levers for:

1- Reset

2- Test Mode

� These levers can be sealed by using security seals

� Especially designed Silicon Rubber Buttons with Carbon Contacts are used in order to

ensure proper contact for Reset/Test Mode

MICROCONTROLLER

Microcontroller chip is basically Heart of meter, it

manipulates Data from DSP Chip and User and displays

it on LCD of meter and also stores data in EEPROM.

Connection Diagram 3-phas 4 wire whole current

meter

EEPROM (Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)

� EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read only Memory). This device stores

data like wattage, MDI electrically in the chip and need supply to maintain data.

Description of Main Parts

� ADC Analog to Digital Converter.

� DSP Digital Singal Processor Chip

� MCU Micro Controller Unit

� EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only.

� Optocom Optical Communication Port

� CT Sensor Current Transformer type current sensor.

� Voltage Sensor Usually a voltge divider network

� LCD Liquid Crystal Display.

NAME PLATE DATA

Minimum Information required to be Printed on Name Plate.

� Manufacture name, trademark & place of Manufacture.

� Type of meter

� Serial No. and year of Manufacture

� Reference Voltage 240,230/400,63.5/110

� Current 10-40A,10-100A, 5-10A

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