TRAINING COURSE FOR TRA TRAINING COURSE FOR TRA ((PANGASIUS HYPOPHTHALMUS) PANGASIUS HYPOPHTHALMUS)

PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION

FACULTY OF FISHERIESFACULTY OF FISHERIES102 PHUNG HUNG, HUE CITY, VIETNAM102 PHUNG HUNG, HUE CITY, VIETNAM

TRAINER: TRAINER: Dr. LE CONG TUANDr. LE CONG TUAN Prof. Nguyen Quang LinhProf. Nguyen Quang Linh

Mr. Nguyen chi KhaMr. Nguyen chi Kha

PARTS OF TRAININGPARTS OF TRAINING

1) BASA AND TRA

2) BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICES OF TRA

3) REPRODUCTION TECHNIQUES OF TRA

4) GROWTH TECHNIQUES OF TRA

5) DISEASE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT

TECHNIQUES

6) MANUFACTORING ACCOUNTING

BASA AND TRABASA AND TRA

Basa and TraBasa and TraGenus: PangasiusSpecies (Basa): Pangasius bocourti (Sau vage 1880)

Genus: PangasianodonSpecies (Tra): Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage 1878)

- Long body- Big mount -Small stomach-2.4-2.7-1kg fillet

- Shorter body length - small mount -Big stomach-3-3.5-1kg

Basa Tra

-No sub-respiration organization so it can stay in high oxygen environment (minimum 1,1mg/l)

- Can apply in few culture model as race-way culture (pen)

- Lower growth rate and lower productivity 12 - 15 ton/ha

-Have sub-respiration organizations (bladder, skin) so it can stay in low oxygen environment (minimum 0,5 mg/l)

- Can apply in many culture models as pen, pond

- High growth rate and high productivity 60 -70 ton/ha

BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF TRABIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF TRA

1. Clasification:

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Siluriformes.

Family: Pangasiidae.

Genus: Pangasius

Species (Tra): Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage 1878)

2. Distribution:

- Tropical species

- Natural living environment in Mekong river (Laos,

Vietnam, Campodia, Thailand

- P. hypophthalmus is a highly migratory

riverine fish species (over several hundred

kilometres)

3. Habitat:

- Living in fresh water and resitant with salinity up

to 14 %0

- pH>=4

- Temperature 150C - 390C.

- Upstream (spawning habitats) and downstream

feeding and nursery habitats.

4. Feeding characteristics:

- P. hypophthalmus is omnivorous

- Fingerling stage: feeding on algae, plants,

zooplankton, and insects

- Adult stage: fruit, crustaceans and fish.

5. Growth and breeding characteristics:

- Females take at least three years to reach sexual maturity in captivity (being then over 3 kg in weight),

- Males often mature in their second year, probably taking about the same time in the wild.

- A mature 10 kg female can spawn over one million eggs.

- Wild broodstock typically spawn twice annually but in cages in Viet Nam have been recorded as spawning a second time 6 to 17 weeks after the first spawning.

- pawning taking place in May - June at the start of the monsoon season.

- The spawning habitat consists of rapids and sandbanks interspersed with deep rocky channels and pools.

- The eggs are sticky eggs

• No genital organs so can not distinguish male or female by shape.

REPRODUCTION TECHNIQUES OF TRA

2. Artificial breeding methods

2.1. Breeding system

2.2. Breeding season

2.3. Brood stock selection

2.4. Hormone and injection method

2.5. egg claws and artificial insemination

2.6. Un-stickiness egg

2.7. Stickiness egg

2.8. incubation

3. Nursery techniques

3.1. feed requirement

3.2. nursery techniques

3.3. Harvest and transferring of fingerling 

1. Maturity culture:. Earth pond, • > 500 m2, • depth 1,5-3 m

Water quality:

pH: 7-8

temp: 26-30

DO: >2mg/l

Pond preperation:

Clean the pond

Kill aliance species: aplly derris (rotenon contain), 1kg/100m3

remove dark mud

liming: 7-10kg/100m2

sun drying: 1-2 days

Brood stock selection:

weight: >4kg (trong relationship with amount and quality of egg)

old: > 3 year olds

Select from different farm to avoid inbreeding: low survival rate, growth rate, disease resistance, heterogony

• Age of brood stock: male >2, female > 3

• Weight: > 2,5-3 kg

• Area: 5 m3/1 kg brood stock (pond), 5-7kg/m3 (cage)

• Ratio: 1male – 1female

• Mark the fish for timely control: 2 months/checking

• Stop feeding before checking

• Cut fat fin of male for sex control: 2 years/time

• Culture time: 6 months (10-3)

• %b rood stock matured: 80-90%

• Maturity ratio: 10-20%

• Fertilization: 85%

• Absolute reproduction ratio: max 100.000 egg

• Relative reproduction ratio: 135.000 egg/kg female

• Quality of egg based on size: 70% >0.9mm

• Full water size of egg: 1.5-1.6mm

• Incubation ratio: 80%

Trash fish: 90%Rice mash: 9%Premix, vitamin 1%Vegetable: 30% of total

Dry fish: 65%Rice mash: 15 %Corn mash : 19%Premix:1%Vegetable: 30% of total

Fresh water fish meal: 60%Rice mash: 20%Corn mash 19%Premix 1%Vegetable: 40% of total

Fresh water fish meal :60%Soybeal meal: 20%Corn mash:19%Premix: 1%Vegetable: 40% of total

Reference feed dietary for brood stock: require 30% protein, 10% fat, feed twice per day, 4-5%BW

• Brood stock selection:– Female: big stomach, soft, similar size of egg, slight yellow

or white.– Male: pass the hand over stomach will get sperm like fresh

milk.

Hormine and injection:

- Pituitary gland extract: can be used single or combine with other. Incase use with other it should apply in decision dose.

- HCG (Human chorionic gonadotrophin )

- Female: - 1-2 primary injections for female (300 - 500 UI/kg

HCG+ 0,5mg/kg Pituitary gland extract) - and final (decision) injection for female (2500 -

3000 UI /kg HCG + 5-7mg/kg Pituitary gland extract),

- time between 2 primary injection is 12 hours, - time between the last primary and decision

injection is 8-12 hours. - Male: injected only once when the female resolving

dose is given, (300UI/kg HCG + 0,5mg/kg Pituitary gland extract)

• Efficiency time: 8-12 after the decision dose.• Injection position:

 Claws and incubation: after claws the egg will be applied for dry

insemination

mix egg and sperm in 30-40 second

 Remove egg stickiness:

- Tannin 0,1% mix by feather (30 second then re-clean by water)

- Extracted water of Ananas sativa named bromelin (kind of

protease): 25ml mix by feather (1 minute then re-clean by water)

• Not remove egg stickiness: use feather to distribute egg on

the object (nylon or net) then put in incubation tank with

oxygen supply.

After 22-24hours egg will release the fish

 incubation:

removed stickness egg: 20.000-30.000 egg/l

stickness egg: 1500-5000 egg/l

Incubation time: 22-24h, temp: 28-300C

• After 30 hours larvae start look at food

• Within 20-30 hours after hatched must move to nursery pond to avoid eat each other (cannibalish)

• Survival ratio from larvae to fingeling: 25-30%

NURSERY TECHNIQUES IN EARTH

POND

• Nursery pond: > 200 m2, depth 1-1,5 m, good water quality.

• Pond preparation:

– Dry the pond

– Kill all species (suffer kill)

– Remove dark mud

– Liming: 7-10 kg/100m2 (CaO)

• Drying: 2-3 depend on the sunlight

• Fertilization: 10-15 kg/100 m2 or 0,5 kg (N:P)/100 m2

• Water supplied to nursery ponds is filtered through fine meshed cloth to exclude predators, depth 0,3-0,4 m

• Create the live-feed as phytoplankton and zooplankton.

• Apply : 1-1,5 m

• Stocking: 400-500 con/m2

• Feeding: Boiled egg yolk and soybean meal mixed into an emulsion is fed 5 -6 times,

Week 1: 20 egg yolk + 200gsoybean/10.000larvae

Week 2-4: +50% amount of w1

Week 4: 5-7%BW a day for the first 4 weeks.

Thereafter commercial pellets are fed: 30-35% protein contain, feed 2-3%BW

After 2 months reached, length 20cm, 3cm height, survival rate 70%

Transportation: train fish before by slow water flow 10-12 hours, no feeding

length (cm) density (larvae/l)

3 80

5-7 40

8-10 20

ONGROWING TECHNIQUES IN

EARTH POND

• Pond: >1000 m2

• Pond preparation: – Dry and clean the pond

– Remove dark mud

– Liming: 7-10 kg/100m2

– Drying: 2-3 days under the sunlight

– Water supply through the filter

– Stocking size: 10-12 cm, 50 - 100 gam/fish

– Stocking density: 15-20 fish/m2.

• Feed and feeding: – Twice per day (morning and afternoon)

– Feed pellet feed: 5-7%BW

Diet 1 Diet 2 Diet 3

Material Percentage (%)

Material Percentage (%)

Material Percentage (%)

Rice mashFesh fishVegetable

603010

Rice mash Corn mashFishmeal Vegetable

50251510

Rice mash fishmealOil-cakeVegetable

60201010

Protein content (%)

15-16

 

15-16

 

16-18

Farm made feed, FCR: 2.0-3.7

• Harvest: 10 months, 0,7-1,5 kg/fish.

Pellet feed (UNI-P FEED, FCR 1.4-1.6)

Feed code T501S T501 T502S T502 T503 T503S T504 T504S T505 T506(S) T507(S)

Moisture(%) 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Protein (%) 40 40 40 40 40 30 30 26 22 20(18)  20(18)

Lipid (%) 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5

Ash (%) 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

Fibre (%) 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

Size (mm) ↓0.39  0.39-1.06

1.06-1.41

1.5-1.7 2.0-2.2 3.0-3.2   4.3-4.7 5.3-5.7   6.3-6.7   9.3-9.7 12.3-12.7

Weight (g) 1 ↓ 1↓ 1-5 1-5 5-20 20-200 20-200 20-200 200-500 500↑ 1000↑

Feeding amount (%BW)

10-8 10-8 10-8 10-8 8-6 6-4 6-4 6-4 4-3 3-1 3-1

Feeding time/day

5-6 5-6 5-6 5-6 5-6 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 2-3

Meat colour – price - sollution

Meat colour and price

• Exportation: 3 USD/kg (white), 2.04 USD/kg (red)

• Farm: 20000-20500vnd/kg (white), 18000-

18200vnd/kg (red)

• Pen culture (white), pond culture (red)

Reasons

• Swimming: active (white), quite (red)

• Feeding dietary: farm made feed – colour vegetable – cotton

meal , not enough feed or protein content (red), pellet feed

(white)

• Culture environment: high temperature (380c), bad water

quality, high algae density (<10cm), exchange water (red), low

oxygen, >< white

Sollutions

• Home made feed: fermentation in 24h before feeding

• Exchange: 15% water per day

• Keep temperature: <350c

• Use pellet feed

• Use probiotic to clean the bottom and treat water (Bio

ZeoGreen hoặc Bio Yucca), algae (Bio BKC 80,

1l/2000m3) (>15cm)

POPULAR DISEASE ON TRA

Blood infection of AeromonasBlood infection of Aeromonas

• Factor: genus Aeromonas : A. hyrophila, A. caviae, A. sobria mainly on fingerling.

• Prevention:– Good water quality

– Avoid chafe

– Medium density

• Treatment: KMnO4 dose 4 ppm (4g/m3) do in 3 days, 1 month/treatment. 

PSEUDOMONAS (RED SPORT) PSEUDOMONAS (RED SPORT) 

• Factor :Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. anguilliseptica, P. chlororaphis 

• Prevention: reduce density, supply good water quality

• Treatment: KMnO4 dose 3 – 5ppm 

Blood infection of EdwardsiellaBlood infection of Edwardsiella

• Factor: Edwardsiella tarda

• Prevention: good water quality, reduce density. 7 – 10 days/applying BKC (Benzal Konium Chloride), Formol, lime, salt to wash for fish.

• Treatment: applying medicine in feed:

– Oxytetracyline: 55 – 77 mg/kg apply in 7 – 10 days.

– Streptomycin: 50 – 75 mg/kg apply in 5 – 7 days

–  Kanamycin: 50 mg/kg apply in 7 days

– Sulfamid: 150 – 200 mg/kg apply in 7 – 10 days

External parasite  External parasite  

• Factor:  Trichodinosis

• Prevention: keep good water quality

• Treatment:CuSO4 dose 0,5 – 0,7 g/m3 ort wash fish dose 2 – 5g/m3 in 5 - 15 minutes.

• NaCl dose 2 – 3% wash fish in 5 – 15 minutes

• Factor: IchthyopthisiosisIchthyopthisiosis

• Prevention:

–  timely clean the pond

– Reduce density

• Treatment: NaCl and KMnO4 dose 7 kg : 4 g/m3 to wash for fish.

• Factor: Lernaea• Prevention: remove organic matter in the bottom• Treatment:

– NaCl dose 2 – 3% wash for fish in 5 – 15 minutes– CuSO4 dose 0,5 – 0,7 ppm directly in pond

• Factor: Argulosis

• Prevention: remove organic matter in the bottom

• Treatment: KMnO4 dose 10 g/ m3 wash the fish in 1 hours.

• Factor: Saprolegiosis: Saprolegnia parasitica, S. ferox. Achlya spp.

• Prevention: keep good water quality

• Treatment: NaCl dose 2 – 3% wash the fish in 10 – 30 minutes

•  CuSO4 dose 0,5 ppm wash the fish in 30 minutes

• KMnO4 dose 10ppm wash the fish in 15 minutes

INTERNAL PARASITE• Factor: Parasitic worms• Treatment: 2 months/treatment of Bio BenZol,

1kg/50kg feed/3000kg fish

‘Rice’ - White Factor: 2 protozoa species Microsporidia and

Myxobolus sp

• Treatment:

– Apply CaO in clean pond, drying 3-7 days

– Check disease on 30-50 fishes

– 4 week/treatment by praziquantel, Ivermectin.

– Siphone: 2 months/time for fish under 300g/fish and 1month/fish above 300g/fish.

– Remove the infection fish

- factor: bacteria: species Edwardsiella ictaluri

- Prevention

– Apply pellet feed or cooked feed.

– Apply the treatment ponds before get the new water

– Apply 10 – 15 days/treatment by CaCO3 2 - 3kg/100m2 and combine use BKC, Vime-Protex, Vimekon.    

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- Treatment– apply Vime – fenfish (mainly content Florfenicol)

• morning: Vime - Glucan 1kg / 10 - 13 tons fish.

* afternoon: Vime - fenfish 2000 1lít/ 15-20 tons fish + Trimesul 1kg/4 tons fish.

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MANUFACTORING ACCOUNTING