VOL. CLXIX . . . No. 58,467 © 2019 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 1, 2019

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WASHINGTON — PresidentTrump pushed the Australianprime minister during a recenttelephone call to help AttorneyGeneral William P. Barr gather in-formation for a Justice Depart-ment inquiry that Mr. Trumphopes will discredit the Muellerinvestigation, according to twoAmerican officials with knowl-edge of the call.

The White House curbed accessto a transcript of the call — whichthe president made at Mr. Barr’srequest — to a small group ofaides, one of the officials said. Therestriction was unusual and simi-lar to the handling of a July callwith the Ukrainian president thatis at the heart of House Demo-crats’ impeachment inquiry.

Like that call, Mr. Trump’s dis-cussion with Prime Minister ScottMorrison of Australia shows thepresident using high-level diplo-macy to advance his personal po-litical interests.

The discussion with Mr. Morri-son shows the extent to which Mr.Trump views the attorney generalas a crucial partner: The presi-dent is using federal law enforce-ment powers to aid his politicalprospects, settle scores with hisperceived “deep state” enemiesand show that the Mueller investi-gation had corrupt, partisan ori-gins.

The Justice Department inqui-ry and a parallel but unconnectedeffort by the president’s personallawyer Rudolph W. Giuliani repre-sent a kind of two-front war. Mr.Trump has said that Mr. Barr canhelp him validate his 2016 elector-al victory, and Mr. Giuliani hasbeen trying to unearth damaginginformation about former VicePresident Joseph R. Biden Jr. inanticipation of the 2020 race.

As part of his efforts, Mr. Barr inrecent months has asked the pres-ident to facilitate communicationswith foreign officials and hasmade at least one trip to Italy tosecure cooperation, according to adepartment official. The inquiry isexamining American intelligenceand law enforcement activityaround the Trump campaign andwhether it was legal.

PRESIDENT IS SAIDTO ASK AUSTRALIA TO ASSIST INQUIRY

A BID TO VILIFY MUELLER

Secret Call Is Sign TrumpSees Barr as a Partner

in Political Fights

By MARK MAZZETTIand KATIE BENNER

Continued on Page A12

WASHINGTON — House Dem-ocrats on Monday subpoenaedPresident Trump’s private lawyer,Rudolph W. Giuliani, a key figurein their impeachment inquiry,even as the president vowed tolearn the identity of the anony-mous whistle-blower whose accu-sations of presidential impropri-ety toward Ukraine lie at the cen-ter of the scandal.

The Giuliani subpoena punctu-ated another day of confrontationin the capital, rife with accusa-tions by both Democrats in Con-gress and an increasingly combat-ive president.

“Our inquiry includes an inves-tigation of credible allegationsthat you acted as an agent of thepresident in a scheme to advancehis personal political interests byabusing the power of the office ofthe president,” three DemocraticHouse chairmen wrote in a letterto Mr. Giuliani, who has served asMr. Trump’s personal representa-tive in Ukraine.

Democrats also requested doc-uments and testimony from threeof Mr. Giuliani’s associates whoare said to be connected to an ef-fort to pressure the Ukrainiansinto investigating Democratic ri-vals of Mr. Trump. They promisedmore subpoenas for other wit-nesses in the coming days.

If it was not already clear thatthe impeachment effort againstMr. Trump will not be resolvedanytime soon, Senator Mitch Mc-Connell, Republican of Kentuckyand the majority leader, said onMonday for the first time since theUkraine revelations burst intopublic view that if the House im-peached the president, a Senatetrial on whether to convict Mr.Trump would be unavoidable.

“I would have no choice but totake it up,” Mr. McConnell said onCNBC.

As the day went on, Mr. Trumpcontinued his attack on the anony-mous whistle-blower whose com-plaint helped mobilize HouseDemocrats, as well as on Repre-sentative Adam B. Schiff, thechairman of the House Intelli-gence Committee, who is leadingthe impeachment inquiry.

The president said that thewhistle-blower “knew almostnothing” and that the WhiteHouse was “trying to find out” thewhistle-blower’s identity — an ac-tion legal experts said could con-

House TargetsGiuliani’s Files

Via Subpoena

Trump Wants to KnowAccuser’s Identity

By NICHOLAS FANDOS

Continued on Page A13

It has been a bedrock principlebehind college sports: Student-athletes should not be paid be-yond the costs of attending a uni-versity. California threatened thatstandard on Monday after Gov.Gavin Newsom signed a bill to al-low players to strike endorsementdeals and hire agents.

The new law, which is supposedto take effect in 2023, attacks theNational Collegiate Athletic Asso-ciation’s long-held philosophy thatcollege athletes should earn a de-gree, not money, for playingsports. That view, also under as-sault in several other states andon Capitol Hill, has held up even asthe college sports industryswelled into a behemoth that gen-erated at least $14 billion last year,and as athletes faced mountingdemands on their bodies andschedules.

Under the California measure,thousands of student-athletes in

America’s most populous statewill be allowed to promote prod-ucts and companies, trading ontheir sports renown for the firsttime. And although the law ap-plies only to California, it sets upthe possibility that leaders in col-lege sports will eventually have tochoose between changing therules for athletes nationwide orbarring some of America’s sportspowerhouses from competition.

In an interview with The NewYork Times, Newsom describedthe law as “a big move to exposethe farce and to challenge a sys-tem that is outsized in its capacityto push back.”

“Every single student in theuniversity can market their name,image and likeness; they can goand get a YouTube channel, andthey can monetize that,” Newsomsaid. “The only group that can’tare athletes. Why is that?”

Jolting N.C.A.A., California LawSays College Athletes Can Profit

By ALAN BLINDER

Continued on Page A17

Public health officials for yearshave urged Americans to limitconsumption of red meat and pro-cessed meats because of concernsthese foods are linked to heart dis-ease, cancer and other ills.

But on Monday, in a remarkableturnabout, an international col-laboration of researchers pro-

duced analyses concluding thatthe advice, a bedrock of almost alldietary guidelines, is not backedby good scientific evidence.

If there are health benefits fromeating less beef and pork, they aresmall, the researchers said. In-deed, the advantages are so faintthat they can be discerned onlywhen looking at large populations,the scientists said, and are not suf-ficient to tell individuals to change

their meat-eating habits.“The certainty of evidence for

these risk reductions was low tovery low,” said Bradley Johnston,an epidemiologist at DalhousieUniversity and leader of the grouppublishing the new research in theAnnals of Internal Medicine.

The new analyses are amongthe largest nutrition evaluationsever attempted and may influencefuture dietary recommendations.

In many ways, they raise uncom-fortable questions about dietaryadvice and nutritional research,and what sort of standards thesestudies should be held to.

They have already been metwith fierce criticism by publichealth researchers. The AmericanHeart Association, the AmericanCancer Society, the Harvard T. H.Chan School of Public Health and

Is Red Meat Bad for You? New Research Says You Can’t Prove It

By GINA KOLATA

Continued on Page A17

For more than 36 hours after aNew York City police officer wasshot and killed while wrestlingwith an armed man in the Bronx,officials could not answer a crucialquestion: Who fired the fatalshots?

At first it appeared that the offi-cer, Brian Mulkeen, had been shotwith his own gun while grapplingwith the man, who was then killedby responding officers, the policesaid. The officer’s weapon wasfired five times, but a .32-caliberrevolver found near the man hadnot discharged a single shot.

But on Monday, the police com-missioner said Officer Mulkeenhad retained control of his weaponand had fired five shots at theman. Officer Mulkeen, 33, wasmortally wounded by his part-ners, who according to police ra-dio transmissions mistakenly be-lieved they were being ambushed.

It was the second time in sevenmonths that an officer in the NewYork Police Department waskilled in a fusillade by fellow offi-cers. The back-to-back tragediesprompted questions about the de-partment’s tactics and training asits officers continue aggressive ef-forts to drive down crime by mak-ing gun arrests and dismantlingviolent gangs.

Within seconds, Officer Mul-keen’s partners fired 10 rounds,killing him and the man withwhom he was struggling, AntonioLavance Williams. Mr. Williams,27, never fired a shot, the policecommissioner, James P. O’Neill,said, growing emotional duringMonday’s news conference.

“Make no mistake, we lost thelife of a courageous public servant

‘Friendly Fire’In Fight KilledN.Y.P.D. Officer

By ALI WATKINSand ASHLEY SOUTHALL

Continued on Page A21

ATUL LOKE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Crying in Pulwama for a detained family member. The conflict gets messier as the disputed territory remains on lockdown. Page A6.Misery Grows in Kashmir

XINYANG, China — Harrow-ing memories of China’s revolu-tionary past hang over the rollingwheat fields and scattered vil-lages where the Communist Par-ty’s leader, Xi Jinping, recentlyvisited to commemorate 70 yearssince Mao Zedong founded thePeople’s Republic.

Yet not all who died here in theXinyang region during Mao’s tu-multuous era were honored dur-ing Mr. Xi’s political pilgrimage.

Mr. Xi bowed in tribute at a me-morial for 130,000 fighters fromthis area in central China whogave their lives for the Communistcause. But the estimated one mil-lion peasants who starved todeath in Xinyang, after Mao’sGreat Leap Forward spawned the

biggest famine in modern times,went unnoted in official reportsabout the visit.

Who was remembered, or over-looked, put in sharp relief Mr. Xi’sauthoritarian recasting of Chinesehistory.

The pageantry of the 70th anni-versary reveals how thoroughlythe party has rewritten China’spast to reflect Mr. Xi’s turn to com-munist traditionalism — what hecalls reviving the party’s “redgenes.” He offers an unabashedlytriumphant vision of China’s past,

and its future. It is a patriotic mes-sage that resonates with manyChinese, even in Xinyang, a regionof rural counties and towns thatsuffered greatly under Mao.

“This red land was hard wonand paid for with the fresh blood oftens of millions of revolutionaryforebears,” Mr. Xi said when hehonored revolutionary “martyrs”in Xinyang in mid-September, ac-cording to an official account. “Wemust always recall where redpower came from and cherish thememories of our revolutionarymartyrs.”

In his seven years in power, Mr.Xi has acted on the belief that tocontrol China he must control itshistory. His administration hasmolded textbooks, televisionshows, movies and museums to

Xi Lauds ‘Red’ Heritage in Land Brutalized by ItBy CHRIS BUCKLEY

TO HONOR A REVOLUTION Attendees arriving ahead of a large parade in Beijing planned for Tuesdayto commemorate the 70th anniversary of Mao Zedong’s founding of the People’s Republic.

MARK SCHIEFELBEIN/ASSOCIATED PRESS

Celebrating Mao WhileOverlooking Millions

Dead in Famine

Continued on Page A9

World leaders gathered Monday inParis for a final tribute to JacquesChirac, who died last week. PAGE A4

INTERNATIONAL A4-10

Former President Is MournedChris Collins, a Western New YorkRepublican, is expected to plead guiltyin an insider trading case. PAGE A21

NEW YORK A20-21

Congressman Resigns

Prosecutors try a new strategy inwrongful-conviction cases: Set peoplefree, but pay them nothing. PAGE A11

NATIONAL A11-18

Freedom or Restitution?Using the Tate Modern as her stage, theartist Kara Walker has created an in-stallation that, among other things,examines the victims of the slave tradeand the killing of Emmett Till. PAGE C1

ARTS C1-8

A Countermemorial in London

Between his terms as prime minister,Saad Hariri gave more than $16 millionto a South African woman. PAGE A7

Lebanon Leader Paid ModelThe company struggled to win over WallStreet and to convince investors that itsbusiness was sustainable. PAGE B3

BUSINESS B1-6

WeWork Shelves I.P.O.The disappearance of Dulce MariaAlavez, 5, has gripped a rural, mostlyLatino town in New Jersey. PAGE A20

A Missing Girl, and ICE Fears

Michelle Goldberg PAGE A22

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A22-23

The pullback is a potentially worrisomesign about Joe Biden’s appeal amongDemocratic activists, young people anddonors who are digitally active. PAGE A15

Biden Cuts Back Digital Ads

Spacecraft have struck the moon, plan-ets and elsewhere in the solar system.“Space is hard,” NASA says. PAGE D1

SCIENCE TIMES D1-6

Heavenly Collisions Jessye Norman, a majestic, highlydecorated operatic soprano whosecareer began in the 1960s, was also arecitalist. She was 74. PAGE B11

OBITUARIES B11-12

A ‘Grand Mansion’ of a Voice

Late EditionToday, clouds and sunshine, warm,high 77. Tonight, partly cloudy,warm, humid, low 70. Tomorrow,partly sunny, breezy afternoon, high90. Weather map is on Page A24.

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