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ToREachASUstainable&ResilientEarth

TeamTREASUREisoneofthethreegroupsfortheGroupStudyofthe55thIATSSForumBatch.Treasuredoesnotonlyrefertomoneynorgold.It’smorethanthat. It’s something that we value and long to have. The treasure that we arereferring to is something thatwewant topasson to thenextgeneration…ourforest.

Webelievethattheforestwillnotonlyenrichourlivesinmanywaysbutisessentialforallthelivingcreatures.Deforestationandanimbalanceecosystemleadtoadverseeffectsonhumanlives.Weshouldprotectournaturalresourcesnotonlyforourselvesbutalsoforthefuturegeneration.

TREASURE aims to reach a sustainable and resilient earth. We call forchange in every community.Wewill advocate this first at the Gunung PalungNationalPark,WestBorneo,Indonesia.Wewillcallforbehaviouralchangefortheillegal loggers,wewant to create a program thatwould help support them inhavinganalternative livelihoodresulting tozero illegal loggingproblem in thearea.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWewish to extend our sincere gratitude and appreciation to ourWork

Place, who gave us chance to attend this IATSS Forum. Special thanks to ourIASTSSForumCommitteeJapan&OurCountry&Staff.

Wewouldalso like toextendoursincereandappreciation toourentire

Professorsfortheiradvice,knowledgeandexperiencesformylife.Wewouldliketoacknowledgetoallourgroupmember.

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ExecutiveSummary

Deforestationisaman‐madeenvironmentaldegradationthatcontinuestohappenintheworldinanalarmingrate.Between1990and2015,theworldlost129millionhaofforest.ThisequalsthelandareaofMalaysia,Singapore,Brunei,Philippines,Vietnam,andLaoscombinedtogether.Deforestationcomesinmanyformsandoneofthemisunsustainableloggingfortimber.Economicneedshavealwaysbeenamajorreasonofillegalloggingbythelocalcommunity.

This report discussed an alternative solution to illegal logging in thetropicalforestofGunungPalungNationalPark(GPNP),WestBorneo,Indonesia.GPNPisoneofthemostbiodiversetropicalforestintheworld,whichservesashometoover2,500criticallyendangeredorangutansandwatershedtomorethan65,000peoplewholivesurroundit.

FromthedatagatheredbyalocalNGOnamedAlamSehatLestari(ASRI),wefoundoutthatthereareapproximately180remainingillegalloggerson‐site.In 2015, ASRI has started a program to provide alternative livelihoods to 10loggers in one village and is planning to scale up theprogram to reach all theremainingloggersinthearea.ThisreportdiscussedwhatASRIshouldcontinuedoingandcouldimproveinordertoscaleuptheprogram.

We proposed one project thatwe call “ChainsawBuyback”. The projectobjectiveistoprovidealternativelivelihoodstoillegalloggerssothattheyhavemoresourceofincomebesideslogging.Byhavingviablenon‐timberbusiness,weexpecttoseedeclineinloggingactivities,downtoapointthatthoseloggersarereadytogiveuptheirchainsawsandbecomesuccessfulentrepreneur.

Ourrecommendationsweretofacilitateentrepreneurshiptrainingtotheloggerstostartnewbusiness,givestimulusfunds,offerbiggerloanforbusinessexpansion, give consultation along the process, and offer ultimate reward forgiving up their chainsaw. This report discussed 6 strategies to implement theproject,whichinclude:(1)radicallistening,(2)trainingandfacilitationinfamilyentrepreneurship,(3)loanandrewardsystem,(4)regularmeeting,(5)marketing,publication,andmedia,and(6)partnershipwithotherstakeholders.Theprojecttimelineis3years,withthetotalbudgetof$93144.

Theprimegoalofalltheseeffortsistocreatesustainablecommunityinthearea. Our definition of a sustainable community is one that has resilience andharmonyinsocial,economic,andenvironmentalaspectsinthecurrentsituationand also the future. This report also discussed the mobilization of availableresourcesinordertoachievesustainablecommunity.Thisencompasses:people,material,money, information, technology,andculture. Involvementofdifferentstakeholderswerealsoconsidered.Thiscomprisestherolesof:government,NGO,localcommunity,media,academic,andbusinesssector.

This case study has been a great learning experience for all the groupmembers.Take‐homemessagesfromeachparticipantwerealsoincludedinthereporttobeappliedintheirowncountries.

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TABLEOFCONTENTS

Acknowledgement..................................................................................................................3

ExecutiveSummary...............................................................................................................4

TableofContents....................................................................................................................4

CHAPTER1INTRODUCTIONANDBACKGROUND........................................................7

1.1 IntroductionandBackground.....................................................................................7

1.2 DefinitionofSustainableCommunity......................................................................8

CHAPTER2SUSTAINABLECOMMUNITYDESIGNDIAGRAM&RESORUCEMANAGEMENT.........................................................................................................................9

2.1 SustainableCommunityDesignDiagram.............................................................9

2.2 ResourceManagement.................................................................................................11

2.2.1 People................................................................................................................11

2.2.2 MaterialResource........................................................................................11

2.2.3 Money.................................................................................................................12

2.2.4 Information......................................................................................................12

2.2.5 Culture................................................................................................................12

2.2.6 Technology......................................................................................................13

2.3 TheStakeholders................................................................................................................14

2.3.1 Government....................................................................................................14

2.3.2 NPO/NGO.......................................................................................................14

2.3.3 BusinessSector.............................................................................................15

2.3.4 LocalCommunity..........................................................................................16

2.3.5 MediaSector....................................................................................................16

2.3.6 AcademicSector............................................................................................16

2.4 GlobalEffort.........................................................................................................................17

CHAPTER3THECASESTUDY..........................................................................................18

3.1 ResourceManagement...................................................................................................19

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3.2 ProjectStrategies.............................................................................................................23

3.2.1 EnhancedStrategies....................................................................................23

3.2.2 NewStrategies...............................................................................................24

3.3 GlobalEffort........................................................................................................................26

3.4 TimelineandBudget.......................................................................................................27

CHAPTER4POSTSCRIPT..................................................................................................29

4.1 Lessons&Challenges.......................................................................................................29

4.2 OurTakeawaysfromtheIATSSforumProgram................................................31

4.2.1 Monic–Indonesia........................................................................................31

4.2.2 Jai–Laos...........................................................................................................31

4.2.3 Dani–Malaysia.............................................................................................31

4.2.4 Thida–Myanmar...........................................................................................32

4.2.5 Wiz–Philippines..........................................................................................32

4.2.6 Amy–Vietnam..............................................................................................33

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CHAPTER1INTRODUCTIONANDBACKGROUND

1.1Introductionandbackground

Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeenaroundsincethe1980s.Theideaatfirstonlycoveredtheissuesrelatedtotheenvironment,astimepassedby,itdevelopedtoabroaderperspective.Thefocusshiftedtoeconomic,socialandenvironmentaldevelopment.

The ASEAN Community has opened great opportunities among themember countries. The integration covers the political‐security community,economic community and socio‐cultural community. The approach of theintegrationwouldstrengthenprogramscoveredinsustainabledevelopment.

Thecountriesunderthiscommunityarecurrentlyexperiencingchallenges.This includes issues on population, availability of resources, economic growth,trade,disparitieson income,etc.Onemajorproblemthat theworld is facing isclimate change.Thisentail issueson foodsecurity,productionbasesandpricecompetitiveness.

TheASEANregioncovers3%ofthetotallandareaofearth.Theterritorialwaterscoveranareaaboutthreetimeslargerthanthelandarea.Ifthemembercountries combined their population, thiswould be about 8.8%of theworld’spopulation.Lastyear,thecombinednominalGDPofthemembercountrieshadgrowntomorethan2.8trillionUSD.IftheASEANregionwouldbetreatedasoneentity,itwouldrankastheseventhlargesteconomyintheworld.

Inordertosolvetheproblemsandminimizethe impactof themistakesdoneinthepreviousgeneration,thewholeASEANcommunitywillneedtohavethesamegoal.Thisistomovetowardsasustainableandresilientcommunity.

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1.2 DefinitionofSustainableCommunity

Asustainablecommunityisonethathasresilienceandharmonyinsocial,

economic,andenvironmentalaspectsinthecurrentsituationandalsothefuture.Inordertoachieveasustainablecommunity,itneedscarefulplanningonavailableresources to look for integrated solutions and involvement from all relatedstakeholders. Every resources available should be taken into consideration inplanningandimplementationprocess.

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CHAPTER2SustainableCommunityDesignDiagram&ResourceManagement

2.1 SustainableCommunityDesignDiagram

Figure1:SustainableCommunityDesignDiagram

The above diagram indicates the perspectives in creating a sustainablecommunity. The core layer includes the three main spheres that become theorientationindevelopingasustainablecommunity,whicharethepeople,planet,andprofit.Allofthethreeaspectshaveequalsize.Thismeansthatthereshouldbeabalanceamongthesocial,environmental,andeconomicaspectsinordertodevelopasustainablecommunity.Availableresources,stakeholders,andglobaleffortshouldbedirectedtowardsthesethreeinaharmoniousmannerinordertoattainsustainabilityandresilience.

People. The prime concern in developing sustainable community is the socialwellbeing. Protection, happiness, and fulfilling people’s current needs are veryimportant.Theeffortshouldfocusonboththecurrentandfuturegenerations.Profit.Thisalludestoeconomicviability.Inordertosustainonecommunity,solidincomesourcesshouldbepresentthroughviablebusinessesorjobopportunities.These sourcesof livelihoodcanbe createdbymanagingavailable resourcesorfocusingonuniquenessofonearea.

PEOPLE PROFIT

PLANET

SC

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Planet refers to environmental aspect, in which the principle of sustainableresourcesmanagementshouldbeapplied.Renewableresourcesshouldbeusedwithinarenewablerange,non‐renewableresourceswithinthespeedbywhichsubstitutionisdeveloped,andwasteandpollutionshouldbemanagedwithintherangeofnaturalabsorptioncapacity.The second layer of the diagram speaks of available resources within thecommunity. Mobilization of available resources will be discussed on the nextchapter.The third layer toucheson thestakeholders involved increatingresilientandsustainablecommunity.Thediagramillustratestheminonecirclewhichshowshowimportantitistohaveharmoniousrelationshipamongstakeholders.Actionbydifferentstakeholderscouldcomplementeachotherinordertofulfiltheneedsofthecommunity.Thelastlayer isglobaleffort.We,citizensofearth,allareconnected.Creatingsustainable community in one area should not be at the expense of othercommunityindifferentpartoftheworld.Wehavetohelpeachotherandbeawareof other people situation. The global community shouldwork hand in hand increatingabetterworldforall.

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2.2 ResourcesManagement

2.2.1 People

Local peoplemust alwaysplay the central role in every effort toward asustainablecommunity.Involvementofthecommunityistheutmostimportantfactortoensurethesuccessofanysustainablecommunityprojectorinitiatives.Local peoplemust participate and be involved fully since the beginning of itsprocess. People’s needs, desires,motivation, identity should be integrated andtakenintoconsideration,inbalancewithenvironmentalaspectofthesurroundinglandscapes.

Peopleempowermentandpropereducationishighlyimportanttocreatea healthy and resilient community. Combination of formal education and localknowledgewillhelpthecommunitytolivemoresustainably.Ingeneral,formaleducationwill creategoodqualityhumanresourcesand thusbetter livingof acommunity.Inspecificcasesuchasdisaster,itcouldpreparethecommunitytofaceemergencysituationanditsrecoveryprocessafter.Whilelocalorindigenousknowledgeusuallyfocusontheuniquenessofacultureorsociety.Thisknowledgeispassedfromgenerationtogeneration,usuallybywordofmouthandculturalrituals, and has been the basis for agriculture, food preparation, health care,conservationandthewiderangeofotheractivities.

Toward a sustainable community, wellness of one community shouldalwaysbetakenintoconsiderationbesideseconomicaspect.Theirhappinessandhealth condition are actually their basic needs. Thus access to affordablehealthcareandefforttoimprovepublichealthandwellnessareveryimportant.

Communitybonding leads togreater levelof trust,which isanessentiallubricantforeffectivesocialrelations.Whenpeopleknoweachotherwell,peopletendtohelpeachother.Thisbehaviourbasedongoodcommunitybondingwillbeahugehelpespeciallyindifficultsituationlikedisaster,wheregovernmentoranyoutsidehelpalonecouldsolelyhelpthecommunity. Inotherwords,bondingisessentialinapplyingcomplementaryprincipleinthecommunity.Thismeansthatwhenpeoplecandoit,peopleshoulddoitthemselves.Onlywhenpeoplecannotdoit,thenthegovernmentshoulddoit.Themoreself‐reliantacommunityis,themoresustainableitwouldbe.2.2.2 Materialresources

Material resources must be managed sustainably. The principle ofsustainable economy should be practiced in order to achieve a sustainablecommunity.Renewableresourcesshouldbeusedwithinarenewablerange,non‐renewable resourceswithin the speedbywhich substitution isdeveloped, andwasteandpollutionshouldbemanagedwithintherangeofnaturalabsorptioncapacity.Also,asustainablewaytomanagematerialresourcesisonethatfocus

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onboththepresentandthefuture,sothattheconsumptionfortoday’sgenerationisnotattheexpenseofthefuturegeneration.

Furthermore, material resources could also bemobilized in a way thatpromotes theuniquenessof onearea.Creatingmarketdemandbasedon theiruniqueness—suchasculture,tradition,nature,historicbackground,etc.—couldcontributetomoreincomegenerationtothepeople.2.2.3 Money Asaprinciple,financialresourcesshouldalwaysbemanagedwheremoneyis not wasted for any unsustainable practices. Financial resources should bedirectedtohelpbusinessoreffortthatcouldgenerateincomesustainablyinthecommunity.GovernmenteffortinsupportingdiversifiedincomeresourcesasinOne Village One Product (OVOP) movement in Oita Prefecture is one of theexamples. Supporting the community tohave secondary skills togenerate sideincomeisalsoanotherwaytocreatearesilientcommunityeconomically. Moreover,propertaximplementationbythegovernmentisalsoneeded.Agood taxation system should create an environment whereas businesses whoapply good sustainable principles are supported, and those who don’t will betaxed higher. For example, business in wind and solar energy (renewableresources)shouldgetlowertaxthanbusinessincoalandmining(non‐renewableresources). 2.2.4 Information

Knowledge sharing plays a crucial role in order for communities to besustainable.Itisessentialtopassontheinformationtothenextgeneration.Agoodknowledgesharingmanagementneedstobeplacedinthecommunity,thiswouldserve as their databank—documentationof their history, culture andprocess.Moreover,communitiesneedtolearnfromtheirexperiences,mayitbeagoodorabadone,butwithoutproperdocumentation,suchexperienceswouldbeinvainandwillnotbepassedontothenextgeneration.

Learningfromexperienceisvitalforgrowth.Acommunity,togetherwiththeir stakeholders, should always findways to growandbe resilient. For it towithstand any changes brought about by external factors such as calamities,emergencies, or globalization, research and development should always takeplacetotacklechallengesinthefuture.2.2.5 Culture

Culture is the identityofacommunity.Therefore it isvery important topreservetraditionfromgenerationtogeneration.Peoplehavetobeproudoftheirowntradition.Thecommunity,startingfromthechildren,needstobeawareoftheirownculture.Thustheywillbethesuccessorofthetraditionandculturetheirparentspreserve.

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Outsiders’ point of view is important as well. Exposure to othercommunities’ culturemakespeopleawareandvaluewhat theyhaveanddo intheirownculture.Thisalsoexpandspeople’screativityandknowledge.Thereforeitallowspeopletoinnovatetheircultureinthemoderncontext.2.2.6 Technology

In themodernworld, change is inevitable. Inorder tokeepupwith thechanges,newtechnologyshouldtakeplace.Itshouldenhancethepeople’squalityoflifeandisaccessibletoall.Furthermore,technologyshouldbeenvironmentalfriendly,itshouldhelpmeettheneedsofthecommunitywithoutsacrificingtheresourcesofthenextgeneration.

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2.3TheStakeholders

The community’s resilience and sustainability lie in the hands of the

stakeholders. Each one shouldworkhand inhand andmaintain a harmoniousrelationship.Theirstrategiesandactionsshouldcomplementeachothersothatthecommunitywillbenefitincludingthefuturegenerations.2.3.1 Government

Governmentplaysamajorroleincreatingsustainablecommunity.Ithasthepowertocreatethesystem,enforcethelaw,regulatethebusinesssector,andboostpubliceducation,etc.inordertofostersustainabilityofonecommunity. Lawenforcementbythegovernmentoftenispivotalincreatingabettersociety.Onceitispoor,thenallotherfactorscouldalsonotsucceed.Butoncelawenforcementisputinplace,thenotherthingswouldlikelyfollowforthegoodofall.Creatingfairlawbyconsideringsocial,environmental,andeconomicalaspectsisveryimportant.

In relationshipwith its ownpeople, government should alwaysprovidelistening ears to the people’s real needs. Without proper listening to thecommunity,whateverprojectswouldlikelyfail.

Inbusinesssector,oneofgovernmentroles is tocreateagoodbusinessenvironment. This would allow corporates to create job opportunities to thepeopleandthusboosttheeconomy.Aboveprofits,governmentshouldalsoformasystemthatwouldensurethatpeople’sinterestsareaboveallelse.

In case of emergency, government should be able to do an immediateresponse. Complicated bureaucracy should not be a stumbling block to securepeople’sprimaryneeds.2.3.2 Non‐ProfitOrganization(NPOs)orNon‐GovernmentalOrganization

(NGOs)NPOsandNGOshasalwaysplayedauniqueroleinpushingforsustainable

ofthecommunity.Theyserveasthe“middleman”betweenthecommunityandtheotherparty.Suchorganizationsusuallywork togetherwith thecommunityand isable toseeandassess theirneeds.Their functionshelps thecommunitybecausetheyhavethecapacityandarecapabletodowhatthecommunitycannot.They sometimes become the community’s voice, especially when they are notheardbythegovernment.

Organizationsassuchareable to fill in thegapofwhat thegovernmentcannot provide. They see what is needed because they work closely with thecommunity and they listen to them. They simply complement the plans,regulationsandlawsthatthegovernmentalreadyhave.

Moreover,theyareabletopromoteandeducatethelocalcommunitytobeself‐dependent. Communities usually have a problemwith profitability, people

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usuallydon’tmakeanyeffortbecausetheyneedtohavelivelihood.Theywouldinvesttheirtimeandeffortonsomethingthatcanputfoodontheirtable.NGOsandNPOs,sincetheyhavetheknowledge,skillsandexpertiseonsuchissues,theyareabletoeducateandconvincethecommunitythattheireffortswillnotbeinvain.Theyserveasthedrivingforceforthecommunitybutatthesametime,theydon’twantthemtobedependentonwhattheycanprovide,theyonlyfocusonbuildingtheircapacityandcompetence.

NGOs/NPOsshouldalwaysseethatasustainablecommunitysitsonthefoundationofself‐reliance.Theconceptofindependencecoverstheneedforself‐help,mutual‐help(amongtheneighbouringcommunity)andparticipationoftheindigenous people. Self‐reliance encourages the people to use local initiatives,theirabilitiesandtheirownresourcestoimprovetheircondition.Communitythatabletofullyutilizetheirownavailableresourcesandtechnologywillbeabletosustainlonger.

Furthermore,theyalsoserveaswatchdogs.Incaseswhenregulationsorprocessesarealreadyinplace,theNPOsandNGOshelpinmakingsurethatsuchisfollowed,peopleareawareofitsexistenceandareabletouseitforthebenefitofthecommunity.

2.3.3 BusinessSector

Thebusinesssectorrolesaretorepresentandpromoteahealthybusinessenvironment,achieveandrecognizeleadershiprolesandcooperatewiththestatein the economic and social activities. It is important for this sector to havepartnershipwiththeotherstakeholders,makingsurethattheymaintainahealthybusinessenvironmentandacceleratethepaceforeconomicdevelopment.

Businesses should provide skills and knowledge (best practices) to thelocalcommunity.Providingintermediaryservicesfortheformationofbusinessjointventuresandtradepromotionbetweenforeignandlocalentrepreneursbybusinessmatchmakingtodevelopedeconomyandconsultancyservicesinmattersrelating toeconomic, industrial, legal andenvironmental affairsand increasingcapacitytoengageonlabourandemploymentissues.

Businesssectorneedstopromoteforeigncapital,appropriatetechnology,managerialskillsandaccesstointernationalmarketstofulfilsocialandeconomic.Itisourbeliefthatforeigndirectinvestmentcanplayavitalroleinthesustainabledevelopmentofthecountry.

PPP‐Theterm“public–privatepartnership”describesarangeofpossiblerelationshipsamongpublicandprivateentities.PPPinvolvesacontractbetweenapublicsectorauthorityandaprivateparty,inwhichtheprivatepartyprovidesa public service or project and assumes substantial financial, technical andoperationalriskintheproject.

Corporate Social Responsibility should be integrated in the businesses.Thereisanincreasingdemandoncorporationstotaketheirenvironmentaland

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socialresponsibilitiesseriously.Theyshouldplanactivitiesforknowledgesharingtopromotesustainabledevelopment.

Businessesshouldwinthetrustofthepeoplebythinkingnotonlyofprofitbut also what is beneficial to the community. They should respect the law,environmentandthepeople.Ontheresources,theyshouldalwaysconsiderwhatisrenewable,whatiswithintheallowablerangeofsubstitutionandabsorptioncapacity.2.3.4 LocalCommunity

Harmony among people in the community ought to be cultivated andmaintained.Having the senseof family and loyaltywouldencouragepeople tohelpeachotherespeciallyintimesofdifficulties,henceitwillcreatemoreresilientandself‐reliantcommunity.

Inordertobeself‐reliantandindependent,peopleneedtobetrainedandwell‐equippedbasedonspecificneedsofthearea.Educationortrainingcouldbeconducted by different stakeholders in order to do so. This would make onecommunity stronger and even to a point they could help other community infacingchallenges.

2.3.5 Media

Thepowerofthemedialiesinitscapacitytoinfluencehowpeoplethinkandact.Rolesofmediainachievingsustainablecommunitycanbedividedintothreesectionsbasedonitsimpact:

Governance Impact: Media improves government by monitoring theactionsofthoseinpowerandalertingthepublictocorruptionorabuseoftrust. Witnessing and reporting issues lead to lower corruption levels.Access to informationhelpscitizenshold theirgovernmentaccountable.Media improves government responsiveness by giving a voice to thepeople.

EconomicImpact:Mediaimprovestheeconomybyprovidinginformationfromacademicsector,whichcouldhelppeopletomakedecisionsandthusimproveseconomicstability.Mediaenhancespoliticalcoordinationinthedevelopmentofsoundeconomicpolicy.

Social Impact:Media catalyses positive changes in society by providinginformation that could influence public opinion. Media could increasepublicawarenessanddrivechangesinbehaviouracrosssocialissues.

2.3.6 AcademicSector

Rolesofexpertscouldhelpcommunityreachitsfullpotential.Theycouldgive education and capacity building so that one community could strengthentheirskills,acquireknowledge,anddevelopproperattitudeandvalues.Expertscould also do monitoring and evaluation to assure that any program remainbeneficialtothecommunityandsustainableforthefuturegeneration.Research

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anddevelopmentbyspecialistsshouldalsobeconductedtoserveasthethink‐tankinordertosolveproblemsandtacklechallengesinthefuture.Theseallwillhelpthecommunitytogrowandhavebroadermind‐set.

2.4 GlobalEffort

Thoughthemind‐setofsustainablecommunitydevelopmentmayleadto

orientationonlyon the local level, it is important to remember thatweall areconnectedasaglobalcommunity.Developingsustainabilityononecommunity,shouldnotbeattheexpenseofothercommunity.Weshouldthinkoftheglobalimpact, but act on the local level. For example,Malaysia’s problemwith illegalloggingisnotonlyMalaysia’sproblem.Itisbecausethere’sademandfromothercountriesofwoods.Inordertosolvethatkindofproblem,globalawarenessofthatissueisimportantandwe,indifferentcountries,shouldworkhandinhandas global community to tackle it. Global effort also means that ourinterconnectednessshouldbreakallbarrierthatkeepusfromachievingabetterplanetforall.

Sharing session by the ex‐loggers from the different province to thecommunityon their success story canbeagoodmotivatorand initiator to theyounggenerationtothinkoutsidetheboxonhowtogenerateincomefortheirfamilyinthefuture.

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CHAPTER3TheCaseStudy

3.1 CaseStudy

Projecttitle : ChainsawBuybackObjective : ToprovidealternativelivelihoodstoillegalloggersLocation : GunungPalungNationalPark,WestBorneo,IndonesiaBackground :

GunungPalungNationalPark(GPNP),a108,000hectaretropicalrainforestlocatedinWestBorneo,Indonesia,servesaswatershedandlivelihoodsourcestomorethan65,000peoplewholivesurroundit.GPNPisoneofIndonesia’smostbiodiverse parks; it is home to over 190 species of birds and 35 species ofmammals,including2,500orangutans,theBorneowhite‐beardedgibbon,cloudedleopard,sunbear,pangolinandthebeardedpig.Theparkprotectsseveraltypesof ecosystems including mangrove forests, swamp and peatland forests, andlowlandandmontanerainforests.

Extensive efforts have beenmade to protect the areas surrounding theGPNP.AlocalNGO,YayasanAlamSehatLestari(ASRI)hasoperatedhealthandconservation programs for the local community since 2007, during which thenumber of active logging households declined from an estimated 1350 to 450householdsbetween2007and2012.ASRI’sillegalloggingmonitorsestimatethatthere are roughly 180 individuals actively logging inside the Park, whichrepresents an incredible decline in illegal logging. At this point, the ASRI staffknowseachoftheremainingloggerspersonallyandisworkingtofindsolutionsthataretailoredtoeachlogger’sneeds.

In2015,theASRIstaffapproached14loggersinthevillagewhereitsofficeis located, if they’d be willing to participate in a program that would helptransition themtoanalternative livelihood.Afterhoursof chattingover sweetcoffee, theASRI teambetterunderstood thechallenges facedby thisparticulargroupofloggers.Fromthe10loggerswhoexpressedinterest intheprogram,abaselinesocioeconomicsurveywasconducted,showingseveralkeyfindings:

• 92%of loggersand77%of theirwivesonlyhaveanelementary schoolleveleducation

• Averagemonthlyhouseholdincomeof$270,whichrangesfrom$63‐500• Averagemonthlyhouseholdexpenditureof$290;economicpressurefrom

big ticket incidental expenditures ranging from $200‐5,000 like homerepairs,healthcareandholidays

• Averagehouseholdsizeof5.2individuals,rangesfrom3‐9individuals• Landownershipisverylow;only18%loggerslegallyownfarmlandorfruit

gardensandonly18%havespacetoraiselivestock

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• Although logging is the primarily occupation for all participants, 82%loggershavesidejobsasfishermen,chickenfarmersordailywagelaborers

• 100%of logging households own at least onemotorbike. Ownership ofelectronicgoodsisalsohigh;50%++participantsownTVs,refrigerators,gasstovesandelectricricecookers.

Formany,theirmonthlyexpendituresarehigherthantheirincome.When

itcomestohealthcare,whichdrivesuphouseholdexpenditures(upto$5,000permonthforsome),it'snowonderwhytheyturntologgingforfastcashtosupporttheir families. The survey had another interesting finding: 82% oftheloggersalreadyhadsidejobsthathadthepotentialtobeimprovedandscaled‐up.

As such, ASRI launched a family entrepreneurship training to focus onmicro‐enterprise development for the 10 loggers and their wives. They allgathered together to receive training in entrepreneurship for starting newlivelihoods. They plan to open restaurants, coffee shops, car washes, becomechickenfarmers,fishermen,andbarber.

This training included the development of business plans for eachhouseholdanddistributionofstart‐upfundsofroughly$330toeachhousehold.With these funds, thehouseholdshave invested in theirnewenterprises.Onlyoncetheseenterprisesareoperationalandprofitablewilltheloggersbewillingtogiveuptheirchainsaws.

Wealsomadeitmandatoryfortheloggers’wivestoattendthetraining,andsomeevenbroughttheirsmallchildren.Inseveralcases,theloggerultimatelydecidedthathisnewlivelihoodwouldbeworkingtogetherwithhiswifetobuildafamilybusiness.Eachlogginghouseholdsignedanikrar,whichisaspecialtypeofcontractinwhichonevowstodosomethingfortherestoftheirlives.Inthis“familyentrepreneurship”ikrar,theyvowtoconserveandprotecttheforestandtocommittotheirnewfamilyenterprise.

Theresultsfromthefirst‐roundof“entrepreneurs”isencouraging:60%ofthe participants have stopped logging entirely. 40% of participants still logoccasionallywhiletheywaitfortheirbusinessestobecomeprofitable.

The overall vision for this project is that the GPNP landscape’s naturalresources would not be segregated from human economic activities, butstrengthenedbyaneconomicandsocialsystemthatcelebratesthetangibleandintangiblebenefitsofthisintactforestecosystem.

3.2.1 ResourcesManagement

In dealing with illegal logging problem, we had thought through how

availableresourcesshouldbemanagedinordertocreatesustainablecommunity.

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Herearesomethoughtsonresourcesmanagementandstakeholdersinvolvementrelatedtoit.People

Itishighlyimportanttoraisepeopleawarenessontheimportanceofforestand thenegative impacts of deforestation.This couldbedone throughvariouseducation forms. For example, we could invite people to attend regularcommunitymeetings.Throughpresentation,talkshow,conversation,andotherinterestingactivities,peoplecouldacquireknowledgeaboutenvironmentalissuesand be encouraged to keep the forest for their own and their children’s sake.Regularmeetingscouldalsoincreasebondingamongcommunitymembers.

Oneinterestingactivitythatcouldbedonebythecommunityistoplanttreestogether.Theirdirectinvolvementintheactivityisimportanttobuildthesenseofownershipofforests.Moreover,thismovewillevenbemorepowerfulifitisdoneinloggers’family.Childrenofloggerscouldpersuadetheirparentstostoploggingfortheirownsake,andthisapproachbychildrencouldbeeffective.

Wealsohave to listen carefully topeople’s realneedsandactbasedonwhatwehear. Inthecontextofeconomyasthemajordriverof illegal logging,loggers shouldbeempowered tohavealternative livelihoodaccording towhatbusinesstheywanttostart.Thissideincomeifsupported,couldlaterbethemainsourceofincome,sothattheycouldleavetheirloggingjob.Material

The uniqueness of the area lies in its forest. Therefore promoting thebeauty of the forest itself could be the starting point to mobilize any otheravailableresources.Thisforestisoneoftherichestinitsbiodiversitycomparetoallothertropicalforestsintheworld.Thiscouldbeasellingpointtoatourismindustry.Forexample,conductinganeco‐tourintheforestanditssurroundingvillages could attract tourists to come to the area, and thus is beneficialeconomicallytothelocalcommunity.

Forestcanalsoprovideusfruits,nuts,vegetables,water,medicinalplants,etc.Business in eco‐friendly andnon‐timber forestproducts (NTFP) shouldbeencouragedamongtheloggingcommunity.NTFPsuchasrattan,honey,fruits,etc.fromthe forestcouldbeagoodalternative incomefor thepeople.Moreover, ifthoseproductscouldbepackagedwithattractivedesign,thenthevaluewillalsobehigher. Available and unique goods could also become commodities of localbusinesses. Thiswill createmore income sources to the residents. In order tomaintaintheviabilityof thebusiness,peopleshouldalsobeencouragedtobuylocalproductsfromthislocalshops.

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TechnologyUsageoftechnologyshouldbedirectedintoonethatismoresustainableto

theforest.Developmentonalternativewoodscouldbeasolution.Insteadofusingwoodtobuildhouseandmakefurniture,weshouldshifttousemoreeco‐friendlymaterialwhichdonotharmthe forest.Theacademicsectorcouldalsohelpbydoingresearchanddevelopingsuchtechnology.

Apart from that, technology can also be used to maximize people’sbusinesses. For example, we can provide hand tractor to make farming moreefficient, or a modern packaging machine to help business in local food andbeverages,etc.Culture

Cultivatingsustainablehabitsandpracticesinonecommunityisneededtomanage natural resources effectively. For example, when having a wedding,insteadofcuttingtreestomakeanewweddingstage,thecouplecanoutsourceitby renting from the wedding planner or previous couple from the samecommunity.Theyalsocanthinkforthealternativematerialtobuildtheweddingstagesuchasmetaloranyothermaterialstomakethestage.ThiswillalsosupporttheNTFP(NonTimberForestProduct)initiatives.

Thelocalbeliefthatrecognizestheimportanceofforestshouldalwaysbepromoted.There’salocalwisdomwhichbelievesthatpeoplewillgetsickiftheycutdowntrees.Thiswisdomshouldbepassedthrougheverygenerationinthefamilystartingfromthechildren.Puttinglocalwisdomintocreativemedia,suchasacomicoraposter,willalsobehelpfultokeeppeople’sawarenessaboutforest.

Introducinglocalcultureasapackageineco‐tourismisalsoasellingpointin tourism industry in the area. Providing tourists with hands‐on culturalexperiencewiththelocalcommunitycouldmakethemappreciateboththeforestandthepeopleatthesametime.Thisinitiativeisawintothethreesustainablecommunityaspectswhicharesocial,environmental,andeconomicat thesametime.Money Addingvalue to tourism industrywouldencouragepeople togivemoremoney to the forest.Certainpercentageof the incomewouldbeused todirecteffortforestplantingorexoticanimalpreservation.Forexamples,everyonedollarfrom a ticket purchased, one tree will be planted and thus giving more foodsources forwild orangutans. This campaignwebelievewill help in generatingenoughfundforthecommunitytohelpsustaintheforestsituation.

Besidestourism,othernon‐timberindustryshouldalsobeintroducedandsupported. NTFP business could be an alternative source of income to thecommunity.The governmentor otherprivate stakeholders (likebankorNGO)couldsupportfinanciallytoimproveNTFPbusiness.Mediacouldalsoinvolvetopromotethisinitiative.

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Information

Deforestation have devastating impact to human and nature. Diseases,flood,lossofmedicinalsources,climatechange,lossofhabitatandbiodiversity,animalextinction,etc.areterribleeffectsoflosingforests.Informationabouttheseissuesshouldbewidelyspreadfromthe localunto international levelstoraiseglobalawarenessinordertotackletheproblemtogether.Thisrolecouldbetakenbyvariousstakeholders,suchasthemedia,government,andNGOs.

Atthelocallevel,distributingeducationalinformationcouldbedeliveredthroughschoolcurriculumforstudents.Gettingearlyexposureontheimportanceforestandhowtopreserveitwillcreateapropermind‐settoliveinharmonywiththenature.

Loggingcommunitycouldalsolearnfromneighbouringareaswhichhavesimilargeographicalandsocioeconomicsituationbutsucceedinstopdoingillegallogging.Theremustbelessonstheycouldlearnandapplytotheirownvillages.SuchinformationsharingcouldbefacilitatedbylocalNGOorgovernment.Localmedialikeradiocouldalsobroadcastsomesuccessstoriestoinspiremorepeoplequittheirloggingjob.

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3.2.1 ProjectStrategies

3.2.1 EnhancedStrategiesRadicalListening

Wehaveaprocessthatiscalledradicallistening.Itislisteningwithloveascommunityidentifiestheirneedsandsolutions.Theintentionistofollowthroughonwhat theysay–or connect themtopeoplewhocan. It is radicalbecause itsubvertsthenormalpowerstructurethatusuallyexercisestop‐downapproachinseekingsolutions.Throughradical listening,bettersolutionsare found, trust isbuilt,andthecommunityisalsoempoweredtofindsolutionsfortheirownneed.Peoplewillactuallydoasolutiontheycomeupwith. In this process, we would also conduct baseline survey to betterunderstandthesocioeconomicsituationof thetargetgroupbeforestartinganyproject. Thenafterproject completion an end line surveywill be conducted tomeasuretheprogressoftheparticipants.TrainingandFacilitationinEntrepreneurship Aftergettingtoknoweachloggerinterestintheirnewbusiness,atraininginentrepreneurshipwouldbeheldtohelpthemdeveloptheirbusinessplan.Thistrainingalsoincludesfinancialmanagementinfamily.Sincethisbusinesswouldbecomeafamilyenterprise,involvementoftheloggers’wivesiscompulsoryandimportant,aswellasapartofwomenempowermentinthefamilyandsociety. Stakeholdersfromtheacademic,businessandgovernmentsectorwillbetapped. The non‐profit organization that would be implementing this projectcouldeitherhireaconsultant,getavolunteerwhoseexpertinmicro‐enterprises,orgetonefrompartnershipwithgovernmentorotherorganization.

Trainingsonspecificskillslikedressmaking,baking,haircutting,etc.willbeorganized.Thisaimstohelpthepeoplebeequippeddependingonthefieldofbusiness that theywouldwant to cover. Thiswill be in collaborationwith thegovernment,specifically,thedepartmentconcernedonlabourandemployment.

Anyactivitiesrelatedtoimprovementofskillsandknowledgeshouldbedonetogetherwiththecommunityleaders.Sincetheexpertswillbeengagedinashorttermbasis,thecommunityleaderswillbetrainedsothattheycanruntheprogramevenwhentheexperts’contractsends.Thisispartoflocalcommunityempowerment.Thisalsoensuresthesustainabilityoftheprogramwithoutbeingdependenttooutsiders. Duringthetraining,optionsonbusinessopportunitiesintheareashouldbe discussed. Participants could be encouraged to do business in non‐timberforestproducts(NTFP)andeco‐friendlygoodsiftheyareinterested.Focusingonthespecialtyofthearea,whichistheforestitselfwithitsbiodiversity,theloggerscould initiate tourism industry. The fact that they leave logging for tourism

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industrywillbringaveryunique feature in theirnewbusiness.Asthestartingpoint they could also be trainedas tour guides at the existing tourismagency.Theirexpertknowledgeabout the forest theyhikeeverydaywouldmakethemexcellenttourguides.

Otherbusinessideainrentingtentandstagemightalsobeprofitableinthearea.Weddingandothercommunityceremonialeventsoftenneedpeopletocutdown freshwoods from the forest to build stage and tent. This unsustainableapproachdefinitelyconsumesalotoftimeandenergytothosepeoplewhowanttocelebratetheirjoyfulday.Thereforetentrentalmightbeapotentialbusinessandsavingtheforestatthesametime.

Afterconductingtraining,routinevisitandfacilitationareneededtohelpgrowtheirnewbusinesses.Bydoingso,ASRIcouldmonitortheirbusinessprogressandprovidetechnicalassistanceasneeded. LoanandRewardSystem

As stimulus fund to start new business, ASRI gave $330 to each loggerhouseholdafterthetraining.Althoughcashwasgiven,thiswasnotaneasymoney.Wemadesurethatthemoneywasspentwiselyandfortheirbusinesspurposebyassistingtheminpurchasingitemsandcheckingontheirbudgetandexpenses.Alongtheway,iftheyneedmoremoneytoexpandtheirbusinesses,ASRIcouldgiveabiggerloanwithlowinterestrate.

Thefinalgoalofthisapproachistobuybacktheloggers’chainsaws.Givingupchainsawservesanultimatesymboloftheircommitmenttoleavetheiroldjobas loggers and become entrepreneurs. ASRI would offer valuable rewards forwhoeverreadytogiveuptheirchainsaws.Therewardscouldvarybasedontheneedsofeachfamily.Thesemightincludebuyingnewtechnologythatcouldboosttheirbusinesses(e.g.newfishingequipmentforfishermen,hairdressingchairforbarber,modernfoodpackagingsystemforcakebusiness,etc.).ASRIcouldalsoofferlowerpricetoaccesshealthcareinASRIhospital,orprovidescholarshipinforestryorconservationfieldtotheirkids.Concreteformofrewardswouldagainbediscussedthroughtheradicallisteningprocesswiththeloggers.3.2.2 NewStrategiesRegularMeetings

Regularmeetingswillserveasthevenueforeducation,consultation,brainstormingofactivities,andknowledgesharing.Theillegalloggerswillbeeducatedtogetherwiththeirfamilies.Initialapproachinvolvesmakingsurethattheyareawareoftheeffectsoftheillegalloggingonalocalandgloballevel.Itintendstoopen their eyes to other livelihoodoptions. Itwill assure them that support isthere,thatsomeoneistheretolistenandtoguidethemallthroughoutthechangeinbehaviour.

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Aftergettingwhatthepeople’sneedsinordertogiveuptheirchainsaw,theregularmeetingswillbeavenueforthecommunitytoconsultwithspecialistsinthefieldofentrepreneurship,environmentandhealth.Thestakeholdersfromthegovernment,businessandacademicsectorcanbetappedforsuchmeetings.Otheractivitiestobecapturedbythisstrategyissharingofsuccessstoriesfrompeople that givenup their chainsaws, challenges encountered in the changeoflivelihood,andactivitiesthatwillmakethecommunitybondtodevelopaclose,interpersonalrelationship.Anexampleofabondingactivityistreeplanting,thiswillhelpinmakingtheillegalloggersawareoftheenvironment.Itwillgivethemasenseofownershiptotheforest,protectingitfromanyharmandmakingsureitwillbeavailableforthenextgeneration.

Themainobjectiveistousethischannelinordertounderstandpeople’sbeliefs,values,andneeds.Itintendstoengagethecommunityandprovidevenueforlistening,propositionofsolutionsoroptionsandsharingofideas.Itaimstoimprovelivesbyhelpingeachother.Thisservesasagoodvenueforbehaviour(changeinattitude)andsocialchange(changeasoneunit).Marketing,PublicationandMedia

Marketing, publication and media strategy intends to make use of thegathered information toencouragepeople tobe involved.Theadvocacy that itcallsforisbehaviouralchange.Thecurrentcommunitysurroundingthenationalparkhasagoodworkingrelationshipwiththelocalmediaandcanprovidefreeadvertisingtothecommunity.Featurestobecoveredincludesthesuccessstoriesofthecommunityloggersthatcompletelyturnedawayfromillegal loggingandfreeadvertisingforthenewbusinesses.

Thegovernmenthasthecapacitytocreateanenvironmentthatpromotesproducts fromdifferentcommunities suchas tradeshowsorexhibitions.Sincepartofthebusiness’successisfromconsumerknowledge,suchactivitieswillhelppromote their cause and at the same time the products that the familyentrepreneursareselling.Thiswillpromotehealthycompetitionandencouragethecommunitiestolearnfromeachotheronhowtoimprovetheirproductsandtheirbusinessstrategies.

Tie‐upswithotherstakeholderscanalsobemaximizedinpromotingthealternativelivelihood,anexampleofsuchisthe“SailSelatKarimata”onOctoberthisyear.Thisisaninternationaleventthatisorganizedbythegovernment.Thiswillbeagoodchannelinpromotingtheawarenessofillegallogging’seffectstothe environment, the current problem encountered by the community, theadvocacytochangeandhowotherscantakepartontheradicalchange.

Anothervenueformarketingtheproductsaresmallspacesinnon‐profitorganizations/non‐governmentorganizations.ThehospitaltiedupwithASRIwillbe used to set up a small stall featuring various products from the family’salternativelivelihood.

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Alivemapwillbecreatedandmaintainedbythecommunity,thiswillplotall the current businesses around the community. An expert on strategicallydistributingthetypesofbusinessesandassessingtheirlocationwillbeemployedinashorttermcontracttohelpthecommunityonworkingonthemap.Itwillbelocatedwhereitisaccessibletothetouristsandthecommunity.

The above strategies will lead the community and other stakeholderstowards the cause for behavioural change. It will eventually lead to havingalternativelivelihoodandcompletelyturningawayfromillegallogging.4.1.6 Partnership

Teamworkandcollaborationcanbringmutualbenefitstothestakeholders.Whenwetalkaboutsustainablecommunityandtheapproachesthatpeoplecantaketobeabletousetheirresourcesforlivelihood,wealwaysneedtofindwhat’suniqueinthecommunity,weneedtoseetheirstrengthandhelpthemrealizehowspecialitisandbuildonastrategyforbusinessopportunitiesusingtheiruniqueresource.Trainingonentrepreneurshipwillhelpthembuildtheircapacityusingtheir uniqueness and this would be done through collaboration with thegovernment,academicandbusinesssector.

Anotherstakeholderthatcanbetappedaretheruralbanksthroughspecialloan agreements. The current non‐profit organization/ non‐governmentorganization has good working relationship with the local bank and cancollaborate increatingaspecialpackage for those thatarewilling tomake thechange. The loan agreement will also be partnered with a “Buyback SavingsAccount”thiswouldteachtheminbeinggoodstewardsofmoney.

Partnershipwithothercompaniescanalsocreatejobopportunitiesforthecommunity. The projectwill be able to help these companies in being sociallyresponsible through the chainsaw project implementation. They can help invariouswayssuchusfundraising,trainingprovisionandotheractivitiesthatisbeneficialtotheenvironmentandthewellnessofthemembersofthecommunity.3.3 GlobalEffort

Aswebreathethesameair,thereshouldbenoborderforusincontributingto sustain our one shared planet. We should have global collaboration acrosscountries to help one another. In this particular program, we could havepartnership with other organizations from different countries to create moreopportunities to the people and thus preserve the rainforest. This partnershipcould take a form of conducting research, giving scholarship to local students,training,etc.inthefieldofforestryandcommunitydevelopment.Weshouldalsoworktogethertoraiseglobalawarenessnottobuyunsustainabletimberproducts.

Wewillcallforvolunteerexpertstocomeandcontributetheirskillstotheproject.Theirexpertisewilldefinitelyexpandthecapacityoflocalpeopletolivemoreeconomically,socially,andenvironmentallysustainable.

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3.4 TimeLine/BudgetPlan DateofPreparation:June,2016

Table1: TimeLine/BudgetPlan

Overheadcostwillbeusedforexpenses,training,advertisement,meeting,officesupplies,informationandothercommunityactivitiesfortheproject.Wewillgivetrainingforawarenesssuchaseducation/technical/information.Meetingwillbeonetimepermonth.Accordingtoour3yearprojectplan,Budgetwillbe$93144(1stYear:19944USD,2ndYear:32400USD,3rdyear40800)

1stYear 2ndYear 3rdYearTitle

I.Overheadcostis20%oftotalproject(A)+(B)+(C)+(D)=15524USD 3324 5400 6800A.RadicalListeninga.MeetingandIdentifiestheirneedsandwants B.TrainingandFacilitationa.AwarenessTrainingb.EntrepreneurshipTrainingc.Encouragetodobusiness C.RegularMeetinga.Venueforeducation,consultation,brainstormingsessionsandknowledgesharing. D.Marketing,Publication,Mediaa.Localmediab.Tradeshows,ExhibitionsandInternationalEventb.Livemap II.Loanandrewardsystema.$330perloggersforthealternativelivelihoodsb.$1000loanforthealternativelivelihoodc.$1500forrewardsystemandloan

4620

14000 21000

III.Consultant/ExpertandStaffa.$800monthlyperexpertfor3yearsb.200monthlyperlocalstafffor3year

96002400

96002400

96002400

IV.Refreshingprojectfor2year 1000 1000

Total(I)+(II)+(III) 19944 32400 40800

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Forthisproject,Budgetwillbeuseasfollow;1styear ; $19944forloggers,Expert&staffsalaryand

Overheadcost2ndYear ; $32400includingLoan,rewardsystem&lend

Moneytosuccessstoryofloggersandoverheadcost3rdYear ; $40800includingLoan,rewardsystem&lend

MoneytosuccessStoryofloggers,Expertfees,localstafffeesandincludingoverheadcostfortheplanandretreatproject.

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CHAPTER4POSTSCRIPT&CONCLUSION

5.1 POSTSCRIPT

5.1.1 LessonsandChallengesCollaborations are usually confronted with challenges. But once the teamovercomesthese,thegoalsarenotonlymetbutitwillgiveachanceforalltogrowpersonallyandprofessionally.Thechallengeindiversity.Ourgrouphaddifferentworkingstyles,wayofthinkingand professional experiences. We come from different cultural, social andprofessional backgrounds. English is not our native language. Communicatingideas inour second languagewas sometimesnot easy.Althougheveryonehadbrightideas,wehadtobepatientandmindfulenoughtoreallygraspthemessageandputitonthetable.Ourapproachwastoalwaysshowrespect, toberesponsibleandtobuildgoodrelationships.Wetooktimetogettoknoweachotherbytakingapersonalitytest,ithelpedusgettoknowwhoweareasanindividualandasateamplayer.Ithelpedusunderstandeachotherbyknowingourstrengthsandweaknesses.Wemadeaconscious effort to listen and participate actively and made sure to providefeedbacksinatimelymanner.Thestudygroupunitedusthroughourdiversity.The time‐constraint. Time is very limited, especially with many otherresponsibilitiesthatwehave.Wehadtomanageourtimewellfirstbydefiningeachoftheteammembers’role,prioritizingourtasks,dividingtheseamongus,andsettingastrictbutrealisticdeadlines.Motivation.Thelifethatwehaveintheforumisfardifferentfromthelifethatweareusedto.Itinvolvesmajoradjustmentinlifestylesanditwasnoteasyforustobalanceourlives.Sometimespeoplegetsick,stressed,depressedanddemotivated.Thisaffectstheperson’sproductivity.Wewereabletoovercomethischallenge.What is good with our team is that during the initial stages of the groupdiscussions,wedefined ourmission andobjective for creating theproject.Webasedourstudyonrealissuesinanareaandweallwantedtocreateaprojectthatweknowsomeonecanimplementintheircommunity.Thelevelofeffortthatwehadtoworkonthiswasdifferent,wewerewillingtoworkanextramilebecauseof the benefits that it can give in a community. Our team never forgets toencourageeachotherbydevelopingshortterm“wins.”Thishelpedeveryonefeelthattheyareabletocontribute.

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Empowerment. We never defined who the leader was in our team, theenvironmentthatwehadencouragedeveryonetosharetheirknowledgeandbeopentoideas.Ithastaughtusthataleaderisnotalwaysinthefrontline.Themostimportantroleoftheleaderistobeadrivingforceofhisorherteam.Heorsheisabletoinspireeveryoneintheteam.Also,heorsheisabletoempowereachoftheteammembers,makingthemparticipateactivelyandbethebestthattheycanbe.Itmakeseveryonefeelthatthereissupportandtrust.Itcreatesasafeandhealthyenvironmentbeneficialtothewholeteam.

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5.2 OurTakeawaysfromtheIATSSForumProgram5.2.1 MONIC–INDONESIA

Thediscussionprocesshasmademethinkcomprehensivelyaboutdesigningsustainablecommunityfrommanydifferentanglesandperspectives.Thiswashelpfulformywork.Iwilldefinitelyapplytheconceptandframeworkindesigningprogramsforsustainablecommunity in the area of Gunung Palung National Park, WestBorneo,Indonesia.

5.2.2 JAI–LAOS

I think the outcome of our project whichwill be appropriate toapply in Laos. Especially, in recent years theGovernment of LaoPDR has done well in building an effective law enforcementprogram.Thegovernmentmusttakeanactiontoresponsetheissueof the illegal logging. The enforcement of the legal framework isoften not easy, but this seizure is a clear demonstration of the

Government’s commitment to combat illegal logging. This is critical forsustainable forestmanagement. Although Laos still have various challenges tosolve and as we have realized those problems, it will be solved under thegovernmentstrongaction.5.2.3 DANI–MALAYSIA

Malaysia rapid urbanisation is a common phenomenon whenindustrialization program is adopted by the government topromotemodernisationandeconomicdevelopmentofthecountry.However, rapid urbanisation without strong urban governancethrough urban and regional policies and economic incentives todecentralise developmentwill resultwith primate city problems

andregionalimbalanceissues.InthecaseofMalaysia,apartfromthelongtermsperspective plan such as Outline Perspective Plans, the Five Year Nationaldevelopmentplanshelptomonitorandcorrecttheimbalancedevelopmentfairlysuccessfully.TheproblemsinMalaysiaaremoreuniqueduetoitsruralurbanandalsoethnicpolarisationandeconomicdisparity.Bothoftheseproblemsneedtobecorrectedtoensureracialharmonyandregionalprosperity.Fromtheprojectproposal, there are few solution that might help my country in dealing withproblems. Media involvement in getting the right mind‐set and constantlyinvolvementby the stakeholders in supporting the implementationofNational

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PhysicalPlan2005andNationalUrbanizationPolicies2005willfurtherenhancedtheurbandevelopmentofMalaysiainamoreorderlymannerbyestablishmentofan efficient, equitable and sustainable national spatial framework to guide theoveralldevelopmentofthecountrytowardsachievingqualitylivingenvironmentanddevelopednationby2020.5.2.4 THIDA–MYANMAR

TwoBiggestdisasterinMyanmar1. In2008,theNargiscyclonehitMyanmaron2ndand3rdMay.Suchkindofcalamitywasofunprecedentedintensityinourhistory.Actuallythatwasabadsituation.Eventhough,ourpeopletriedtopromoteourcommunity.Afterthedisasterthatweknow,weneedmore knowledge and skills, capacity building training for

communitydevelopmentfield. In2015,FloodsandmudslidesinStatesandDivisionalRegionsof

MyanmarinJuly&August.WehadlessonslearnfromNargiscyclonetopreventdamages from disaster. But when we faced with flood and mud slides, weunderstandthatwestillhavemanychallengestorecoveryinourcommunityafterdisasterlikehealthcareespeciallyinruralareas.Westillneedtogiveawarenessofgrowingspeciesonthefirmthathasaffectedbyfloodingforfarmers.Especially,infrastructuresaremainchallengesinthecommunity.Weneedmoreknowledgeandskills,capacitybuildingtrainingforcommunitydevelopmentfield.Ourpeopleshouldlearnmoreinitiativesforourcommunitydevelopment.

5.2.5 WIZ–PHILIPPINES

ThePhilippinescurrentlysuffersfromenvironmentaldegradation.Theincreaseinpopulation,lossofagriculturallands,deforestation,pollution and other abuses in the environment worsens oursituation.Acall forchangeisneeded.Thestudydonewouldhelpmycountryin2ways.First,directapplicationoftheprojectbasedonourprobleminareaswherethereisdeforestation,forexample,

theIpowatershedinNorzgaray,Bulacan.Thealternativelivelihoodtobeofferedwoulddifferdependingontheprofileoftheareatobestudied.Secondwouldbetheapplicationofthemethodbywhichwewereabletocomeupwiththeprogram.Thisincludes,studyingthecommunity,definingwhatsustainabilityis,mobilizingthe resources, focusing on equity and considering the importance of thecommunityandstakeholders’involvement.

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5.2.6 AMY–VIETNAM

OurprojectcanbeappliedinVietnam.Inmycountry,wearefacingthe problem of deforestation. Forest coverage was decreasingtremendously.Primitiveforestwasclosetonon‐existent.Moreandmoreplantsandanimalsbecomingextinct.Aswealreadypointedoutinourgroupstudy,weneedtheinvolmentofallstakeholders,especiallylocalresidents. We should them to have sustainable

likelyhood,developtheirsenseofownership,strickenthelaw…Besides, the method by which we were come up with can be applied in sea‐protection.Forexxample,inearlyApril,largequantitiesoffishwashedupdeadneartheVungAngEconomicZoneinHaTinhProvince.Thedisasterstretched200kilometersalongthecentralVietnamesecoastresultinginthedeathofmorethan70tonsofseafishand35tonsoffarm‐raisedfish.WastewaterillegallyreleasedbytheFormosaSteelplantthroughdrainagepipeswasthemainreasonforthemassfishdeathsinfourcoastalprovincesofVietnam.Asworking inmedia sector, regarding the things I learned, Iwill contribute toraiseawarenessoftheviewersinsustainthecommunity.Stepbystep,Ihopethat,somehow,peoplewillhaveawiderthoughtaboutthisimportantissue.