TJU_Jury Brief Reports

8/18/2019 TJU_Jury Brief Reports

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Architecture Design Narrative

The “ Para Eco-House” combines both parametric and ecological strategies into the logicof the architectural language used in the house design. Both ‘Passive’ and ‘Active’ energysystems are utilized in this project. Going beyond the functional and environmentalrequirements, we create a paradigm for a low carbon future.

The concept of creating a multi-layer skin emerges from a combination of Dao theory ineastern philosophy and the theories of Michel Foucault in western thought, especially theideas of autonomy in architecture.

20 Ecological Points Towards An Autonomous Architecture

1. Photovoltaic Panels

2. Solar Collector System3. Sun Tracking Solar Panels4. Solar PVT (Photovoltaic with Thermal)5. Gray Water Treatment & Ventilation Aid6. Wetland Filter System7. Water South Heat Pump with Heat

Recovery Unit8. Rain Water Harvesting9. Evaporating Water Cooling10. Architectural Shading

11. Inner Courtyard Ventilation

12. Vertical Greenery13. Composite Skin System14. VIP Thermal Proof Wall15. Temperature Humidity Independent

Control System16. Bamboo Structure17. Bamboo Furniture18. Mist Spraying System19. Smart Lighting Control20. LED Lighting System


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Spatial Logic

By creating physical boundaries from the layering of the program, three layers emerge.The three layers of the skin separated the entire house into four spaces: the outer space,the semi-open space, the enclosed space and the inner courtyard space which aresupported by unique strategies.

1. Semi-open SpaceThe semi-open space is mainly surrounded by the composite timber skin, which unites thesolar energy, ventilation, and shading components with vertical greenery on rhombusframes.

- The roof components include solar tracking PV panels and shading system.- The west elevation of the house combines thin film solar cells and vertical greenery. Thesize of the holes varies due to the wind pressure on the elevation which enriches thesemi-open space creating an eco-transition between nature and interior space.- The wetland water system under the open deck plays an important role in enhancing theenvironmental quality-- the mist spraying system creates comfortable and pleasing atmosphere for variousevents as well as helping cool the wind blowing through the living area.

2. Enclosed Space.

The enclosed space covers the area of 55.8 m2 and includes almost all functions of ahouse. With the basic idea of flowing space, these different parts of the enclosed spaceare organized freely so there’re few doors and walls with the enclosure of living area andthe visitors could walk around without sight barriers.

3. Inner CourtyardThe courtyard plays a vital role in balancing the interior and the exterior. Housing the‘active’ equipment and the electric room it forms the central functional space of the house.The courtyard also acts as a ventilation and light-well, bringing the outside environmentinto the deepest recesses of the house, creating a dimensional shift from the exterior tothe interior.


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Fabricating the Skin

The Para Eco-house utilizes a multi-layer skin solution for the family home - an energyresponsive skin outside, an environmental protective skin in the middle, and a courtyardskin in the heart. Because of this separation, different ecological strategies are requiredand through the combination of active and passive systems the best solutions are found .

1. Energy SkinThe energy responsive skin outside mainly consists of lattice frame with parametriccomponents and solar system on the roof.- Parametric ComponentsThe facade system includes solar energy gathering, shading, vertical greenery, windcooling, irrigation and shading.

- Roof Solar SystemThe solar panels are rotated and placed in rows, along the calculated profile of the exteriorskin maximizing the performance of the panels. The movement of the dynamic solarsystem is controlled by computer algorithms.

2. Thermally Controlled SkinThe enclosing skin of the living space is composed of VIP thermal insulation material andXPS thermal insulation board and fragments of newspaper. The double layers of thermalinsulation ensure an outstanding performance in enhancing the efficiency of energy.

3. Courtyard SkinThe effects of courtyard skin are mainly revealed through the attached equipment. Thecourtyard skin is the enclosure of smart boxes so it does centralize the most significantfacilities. With the courtyard skin, the house could run more efficiently and intelligently.


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Para Eco-House: Engineering and Construction Report

House StructureThe objective of the structures group is to create a safe and sensible structural design that

maximizes efficiency and minimizes the use of materials that require high energy during production.The roofing system was designed to maximize its R-value, given deflection constraints for theadditional loads of a green roof and height constraints during transportation.High performance computer programs (SAP2000) were used to evaluate all feasible loadcombinations to find and design to the critical load scenario. Some programs werecommercially available, but when necessary, members of the structures group wrote customcomputer programs. The main reason for the use of programs as opposed to hand calculationswas to provide the designers with flexibility throughout the process. Alterations are easy toimplement and check.Our load is mainly apopt according to the rule of SDE and the Load Code of China.As for theWind load, When year n=10 years(as the chinese code,), basic wind pressure

Kpa65.00 .Coefficient of wind pressure variation with height 1 . 0 z .Gust responsecoefficient 1 . 0 z .So

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/ 65.0 p p z ze ccq .And the the pressure of windfactor pc is the same as the rule

/ pc . Shape coefficient of wind load is adopted by Load

Code for the Design of Building Structures (GB 50009-2001).And according to the rule,/65.0 e p pebe qcccqq , so we can both use the Load Code of China or the Load in

the rules.

The whole structure contains the core used to set the equipment ,the box(totally formed bytimber),the gray space(mainly formed by steel) and the skin(mainly formed by timber). In ourstructures,timber were used as the main support materials,and the frame is totally made bytimber . Since there is no special speciffication in Solar Decathlon Building Code 2012, werefer to other design specification in china, especially the design of timber structures, anddesign of steel structures, etc.The foundation of the structure is individual foundation under column.For the core,weexpecilly set some foundations for it.Considering the steability of the box ,we use the following joint to give an acceptablestiffness of the joint of roof beam and column:We use the following joint to guarantee the steability of each beam and column:

As the wood skin is hardly for calculations,we sue SAP200 to calculated the wood skin by

finite element method the computational modle and computational result of SAP2000 is asfollows(as the Limitation of length,we just list several results,the rest can be found in the


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structure calculation):

Computational Model Most Favorable Moment(M2) Most favorable axis force Most Favorable Shear Force(V2)

The calculation result of SAP2000 meets the checking requirements.

Plumbing system design and constructionThe plumbing system design complied with code for design of building water supply anddrainage, GB 50015-2009, national standard of the People’s Republic of China.For domestic water supply system, we choose the PP-R with aluminum foil layer for it has alot of advantages, such as low pipe resistance, small coefficient of expansion andPollution-free. According to the water unit needs, we calculate the total water flow and

pressure loss in details, which act as the basis of water supply pump selection, in this way the pump and pipeline will match well, so the pump work at high efficiency.For drainage system, PVC pipe is selected, which has Long service life, simple constructionmethod and so on. We collect contaminated water of different quality to different containers,namely grey water, rainwater and black water tank.As water resource has been in short in the world round, we take water reuse as one of our

most important strategy of sustainability. The collection of rainwater from roof to rainwatergutters will be stored in the rainwater tank. Grey water from clothes washer, shower and basinis also collected in a grey water tank. The water from rainwater tank and grey water tank can

be used to irrigate the vegetation after being treated by the artificial wetland. In this way wecan save a lot of water.Artificial wetland is a sewage treatment way which is constructed and controlled by people.The wastewater is purified by soil, fillers, plants and microorganism during its flowing. Themechanism includes absorption, retention, filtration, chemical reaction, sedimentation,microbial action, plants absorption and some animals’ metabolism.The sewage water was pumped to artificial wetland by hand pump, which will save a lot ofenergy.

HVAC system design and constructionHVAC system design and construction is mainly complied with “Ventilation andAir-conditioning Construction Quality Acceptance Criteria”(GB50243-2002) and “Designstandard for energy efficiency of residential buildings”(DGJ08-205-2011).We use both residential cooling load calculation method and Energy-Plus simulation to getthe load of design day and annually load curve. According to the load feature and energyefficient idea, we design to use temperature and humidity separated control and water sourceheat pump, which can reduce the humid control consumption and make use of renewableenergy. Integrated with PVT system, DHW and natural ventilation design, we can make a


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great improvement on heat pump efficiency, reduce energy consumption and also realize themulti-stage use of solar energy.

PV system design and constructionPV system is one of the most important parts of the house, because it will support almost all

function of the house. At the begin of designing the PV system, we consider many aspects of building PV system.1. Maximization of module efficiencyThe module efficiency is affected by the location of modules. On the roof of Para Eco-House,we place 42 pieces of PV modules whose whole capacity is 8760kW. These PV modules can

be divided into 3 groups based on their features or the installation.A. Group of PV/T. They are 10 innovative type of PV modules integrated with thermal

collectors. That means the waste heat produced by PV modules can be used to heatdomestic water. At the same time, PV modules are cooled, which will increase theirconversion efficiency. In a word, PV/T modules have double function of energyconversion and transfer.

B. Group of PV with tracking system. They are 10 pieces of modules put on the trackingholders whose operation is controlled by microcontroller. The tracking system changesthe direction of the PV modules real time. It allows the PV modules always look towardsthe sun, which will increase conversion efficiency with about 25%. Even more, controlalgorithms of the tracking system is specially designed for the house. It will get better

performance at Madrid.C. Group of PV with mounting system. It consists of 22 modules which offer almost half of

energy generation. The number of these PV modules is determined by the area of roof and

the shade of other PV modules. In other word, we can maximize the generation of PVsystem by put just 22 PV modules in mounting holders in our house.

2. Maximization of conversion efficiencyThe conversion efficiency is affected by the topology of system.42 PV modules are divided into 4 strings, which is determined by the style and the location ofPV modules. Each 2 strings are connected to 1 inverter of SMC-5000A-11. This method ofconnection can maximum the function of MPPT.As the only method of energy supply, PV system has importance effect on the operation ofthe house. So, enough energy generation of PV system will guarantee satisfyingcomfortableness which affect the marketability of the house.


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Para Eco-House: Sustainability ReportTONGJI TEAMThe “ Para Eco-House” combines both parametric and ecological strategies into the logicof the architectural language used in the house design. Both ‘Passive’ and ‘Active’ energysystems are utilized in this project. Going beyond the functional and environmentalrequirements, we create a paradigm for a low carbon future.

Combining the ‘Active’ and ‘Passive’ environmental systems into a symbiotic relationshipwith one another, the two philosophies merge and benefit from the mutual interaction.


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20 Ecological Points Towards An Autonomous Architecture20 ecological points on the Para Eco-House covers our sustainable strategies on solarsystem, water & greenery system, AC system, lighting & smart control system, passivestrategies and material strategies. These aspects can ensure a sustainable future of ParaEco-House .

Solar System:1. Photovoltaic PanelsPhotovoltaics are best known as a method for generating electric powerby using solar cells to convert energy from the sun into a flow ofelectrons. Our house has 48panels placed on the roof; we have alsogenerated an algorithm and mechanical base that will keep themorientated towards the optimum solar single throughout the day andyear.

2. Solar Collector System A solar collector designed to heat absorbing sunlight. In our system wehave connected the solar heat array into the home heating supply,providing a high ambient temperature for the family to use.

3. Sun Tracking Solar Panels A motorized axis system have been developed to position the solarpanels directly in the suns raise throughout the day, making them 25%more efficient.

4. Solar PVT (Photovoltaic with Thermal) A duel use system for cooling the solar panels making them run moreefficiently. This water is then pumped into the house and is a low gradetemperature heat resource used both for heating water and airconditioning.

Water & Greenery System:

5. Gray Water Treatment and Ventilation Aid

Gray water is reused by being filtered and is pumped back into thesystem to aid in backwater systems.

6. Wetland Filter SystemThe waste gray water, flows through the plants and microbes, whichpurifies the water through different kinds of filtration, by settling and thevegetation cleans the water by absorbing it, this water is used to flushblack water and for outdoor use.


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8. Rain Water HarvestingThe rainwater is collected and filtered and is used in the building forcooling.

9. Evaporating Water CoolingIn the transition season the outdoor fresh air, flows into the buildingthrough the shafts under the building, which make the air conditionsystem more efficient and increases the thermal comfort of the house.

12. Vertical GreeneryPockets of greenery are interspersed through the façade wall structure;these are used to promote shading effects, and to help cool both the

wind and the solar panels.

13. Composite Skin System A parametric skin, which unifies three elements, firstly the orientationand aspect of the solar panels, secondly the vertical vegetation, and thethird is the airflow ventilation system.

18. Mist Spraying SystemIn the semi-open space, a humidifier system uses mist to cool thevisitors that will be queuing to see the house.

AC System:7. Water South Heat Pump with Heat Recovery UnitPre-heating and pre-cooling water tanks are place under the base ofthe building, and utilize water source heat pump to regulate thetemperature of the building. This mechanism works at electrical peaks,and uses only excess energy that is produced by the solar panels, and

acts as a thermal battery. Meanwhile, in the summer time the watersource heat pump collect condensed heat and makes use of it byheating the hot water supply.

15. Temperature Humidity Independent Control SystemMake use of the desiccant heat pump regulating the interior latent loadwhere a fan cooled unit will manage the interior sensible load, keepinga separate control of the latent heat load, enhancing the efficiency of itsheat and cooling ability.


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Lighting & Smart Control System:

19. Smart Lighting ControlWe use smart lighting control system to reduce the electrical energyconsumption.

20. LED Lighting SystemLight emitting diodes are used on the facade to enhance the visualappearance of the building in the evenings, highlighting variouselements of the architectural design.

Passive Strategies:

10. Architectural ShadingThe exterior timber energy skin protrudes out over the inner skin soshield it from direct sunlight. This shading will protect the inhabitablehouse from temperature fluxes.

11. Inner Sourtyard Ventilation A chimney effect is created by heating the top, this ventilates thebuilding by creating the a funnel or air through the building.

14. VIP Thermal Proof Wall A vacuum insulated panel (VIP) consists of a nearly gas-tight enclosuresurrounding a rigid core, from which the air has been evacuated, wehave used this to maximize the thermal efficiency of the enclosure.

Material Strategies:16. Bamboo Structure

Bamboo is a highly renewable resource, with a short life span. It will notharm the eco-environment, but improve the regeneration of bambooforest under a reasonable harvest. With the new study result that madeby Zhejiang Forestry University , a hectare bamboo can sequestrate5.09 tons carbon.It is 1.46 times than of fir.

17. Bamboo FurnitureThe furniture is made from press bamboo panels, which will produceless carbon.


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Para Eco-House: Industrialization and Market Viability Report

(TONGJI TEAM)

Targeted Consumers:

The reconfigurable features enlarge the targetedclients group. In particular, the clients listed belowshould be addressed.

C ouples or couples are about to have children.

S ingles living and working at home such as artists,designers, freelancers.

Investors, renting it to the students or young singles as a dormitory.

Hostel owners, building it in the tourism scenic area.

Highly mobile people, often having to move the house.

F ree holders, intending to build a weekend house or second house.

Administrators, using it as studios.FRAMEWORKIn order to properly meet the requirements of previous mentioned client, the ParaEco-House do great effort on these aspects: livability, buildability and marketability.

LIVABILITYWe believe that a splendid architecture not only meets people's everyday needs, but alsoreflects people's unique aesthetic sensibility.

Market Viability

Livability Buildability Marketability

Function

Aesthetics

Comfort

Energy control

Prefabrication

Assembly

Cost

Merchantability

Acceptability

Marketing


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1 FunctionThe designer utilizes a traditional Chinese bamboo material as well as some modernelements such as the water supply system, waste disposal system and the energysupply system, spaces are carefully arranged concise and coherent. So we can affirmthat people in the house will be fascinated with its highly self-sufficient energy systemand extremely convenient service facilities.

2 AestheticsDesign of the Para Eco-House combine both active and passive sustainable strategies,so a new aesthetic reflected by the combination can provide special eco-feeling forconsumers.

3 Comfort In order to create great comfort space we do great effort on ventilation analysis andlighting analysis.

4 Energy control system Another point that we would like to underscore is the energy control system used in our

project, this system with a friendly ipad program can show the energy data and alsocontrol the system easily, thus effectively furnish the everyday energy needs.


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BUILDABILITY1 PrefabricationTaking the construction cost and quality into account, pieces of components constitutingthe walls and roofs are prefabricated in our own workshop.

2 Industrialization DegreeThe Para Eco-House is highly industrialized and prefabricated in the factory. Includingthe living box, the mechanical room and the energy skin are highly integrated andprefabricated.


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Communication plan of team TJUAbstract

Para Eco-house is the new house that will represent Tongji team(TJU)

participate the Solar Decathlon Europe 2012. And due to the next SDcompetition will be held in China, we hope through the work of ourcommunication team, can broadcast the basic idea of Solar Decathlon to thewidely public.

Our target group

Considering we may introduce our Para Eco-house to different age andbackground visitors in Madrid, we divide the people in to three type:□1 Student (especially college student in relevant major)□2 Professions (mainly aim the people who work in the field such like

architecture design, solar energy industry, and construction material supplycompany)□3 General public(people without professional knowledge but may interest inour project )

Activities

Strategy aim to studentsSince the house is all designed and built by students, the people who

we wanted to attach is students themselves.Strategy aim to Professionals

Professionals is also play a vital role in this competition, they givestudents guidance in order to make the construction work safe andreliable.

Strategy aim to PublicThe widely public is the people who have no professional training in

architecture or some other relevant majors. But their opinions is justreflect the average acknowledge ability of our house. So the purpose thatPara Eco-House took many social activities, some even seems not muchrelated in this competition, is to broadcast the low-carbon life style and the

advantage of solar energy.


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Para Eco-House at the exhibition

5 Communication materialIn order to maximum the broadcast effect, we also make series of manual

brunches, foldings. Any visitor could find their needs through our materials.


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Set our own web site which allow us make an easier communicate with

fans, public, and our sponsors. Http://solardecathlon2012.tongji.edu.cn/

Set other platform on the internet, such as micro-blog and Renren blog,which is also known as the Chinese version twitter and Facebook , that verypopular among Chinese students.

Documents

TJU_Jury Brief Reports