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Attached are (a) the translation of a j?D.J?erwritten by Dr.Buggisch on his'c~tanalytic life histo~, and (b) notes amrplifying the above based on the interrogation of Buggisch car-ried out at Revin by :Major Bundy. Captain oarrrJ.Jbelland captainLa~7rance in JUly 1945.

Major Bundy reports on Buggisch as follm;rs;-"Our personal illQression remains that be is an A-minus~an, uhose knowledge is in large part second-hand and by fam-ilia.rity (Le. being in the same roomwith others). He doesknorr ebouf a lot of work that was done--the general lines andresult--'cut his ownwork seems to have been com.petent ratherthan outstanding."He is a hard man to handle in oral interrogation as hejumps from one subject to another and talks ve~ fast. His,Olritten work is well-written and systematicalJ.y arranged tocover allpoints.!!

Buggisch is nowwriting a full reDort of his work on theRussian !1X2"voice scrambling G..e,ilioe.>:

TICOM" 8 - J.ugust 1945

DistributionBritish

1. Director2. D.D.33. D.D.44. D.D.(N.s.)5. D.D.(NYI)6. D~D.(;....S.)7 - 8 A.D.(C.G.R.)(2)9. Lt.Col. Leathem

TICOM10. Chairman11-12 S ..A.G.(2)13. Cdr. Bacoi'!:14. Cdr. MacKenzie15. Cdr. Tandy16. Lt.Cdr. Manson1 7 . Lt.Col. Johnson18. Major Seaman19. Lt. Eachus20. Lt. Vance21. Capt. Cowan22. Lt. Fehl

23-24 TicomFiles (2)

No. of pa~es 9Copy No. l2_ _._

UIS~25-26 OP20-G (2) (via Lt. pendergrass)2 7 . ~2 (via Lt.Col. Hilles)28-29 S:S.A. (2) (via Maj. Seaman)30. Duector, S.LD. USFET(via

Lt.Col. Johnson)

IIAdditional

31. J\lIaj. G. V i. Morgan332.Mr. Sainsbury, Berkeley st.3. Dr. 'Punn;y- Tv R ( N (j,.3 4 . Lt.Col. Pritchard35. hilt'. Twinn

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Dr. otto Buggisoh. OKIV/Chit dates in mv activity~T~h~e~m~o~st~~~mp~o~r~t~a~n::.~~___

. . t _ r8tation station of Army.May 40 to July 40. WiT L~stcn~ng In 61A,'\.R'BRUECKEN.lptm.Mett:Lg-Group '0 ' - BADSCll'!{AIB.ACH,RETJZ~ADH, J' a anal I'l.cite-out trans-Hptm. Franz - Insp. Kuehn. F90,] 110, J. gposition, 0 3 6 .

-/ . t i Interpretation station20 7 40SUlJirr.er40. Attached to 1 1 ' / T IJ:LS e~_ng . t'" . e special-BERLIN rest ~i/T Listening Interpreta'c.;t.on Stta ~29/n3'O~1::aJ'o~. . . d BHv",rs) BcndJ.ers r. H .ist Darb.es for RUSSIAan ,tU.JIU,,"' . t. f 2 works on the 036.- .. 0 ampIe' a.on aWollman, Hptm..JIi;e~lbtck. .our~e(, C I :: . tt nhain Oberinsp.First acquaintanoe w Lbh OKW /Ch:L Doktor Hue e ,11enze r) Iv i40

. . l'sJ party (Bleschke,About september 1940. Transfer to Russ~an speca a .i, ~ . d':::';:";;""'--"-~~c--;ky:::" L' dtke) practice messages, 4 f'Lgure co .0Dettwan, Toruns ,~e. -(Olowo), 5 figure code.Oct. or Nov. 40 . Return of the W /T Listening Interpretation stationfrom FR." l l i ICE \6b"'stlt. Kettler, ll(ajor Jlmg).About January 194-1. Transfer to Bl\LKAll"~ ~peoialist party (Reg. Rat.Bailovio) Greek 5 figure oode, transpos~t~on. 2 memoranda - JUGa-SLAVcode.About 1/2/41. Tran~fer of all Ol'.'yptanalysts. from the w /~ ListeningInterpretation Si:ahon to !Inspectorate of S~gnal Troops (In 7,Head of IJepartment Obstlt. Hassel). Founding of section (Spring 194-1)VI from elements of former section IV and personnel now joining fromthe li/T Listening Interpretation station, Head of section Major i,fang.Move to Schellingstr - lack of' work in B"\LK.lillS specialist party.June 4-1. ~~lital~ incorporation of all soldiers in In 7/VI workingo n cr-yptanal,ysis in the newly formed iSignals Reece Coy.', laterSignals Reece Abt. The RUSSIANspeoialist party is again subordana-ted to the W / T Listening Interpretation Station and goes with it toLOETZEN.Beginning of . : r ~ 41. Attached to RUSSIANspecialist party at LOE'l 'ZEN.chiefly 5 figure material. OK40. Low-grade systems. K37.Nov. 1941. Return to BERLINto In 7/VI. Transfer to FRENCHspecialistparty (Hatthekirohplatz ! + - ) . There until "~ugust 4-2. (Hatted diplomatic5 figure code of De Gaulle 1 SWISSmachine m e saage s, Acquaintance withEnigma a~1dType-x ~oeuments; Obe r Reg. Rat Kunze of the Foreign Office,FRENCHdagonaL wnte-out transposition (Centra.l .(,FRIC"!de Gaulle)).B~ginning of 1~42. jll~ajorEettig head of section. Disbanding ofS~gna~s Reece Abt. Inc?rporation af soldiers engaged on cryptanalyticwork a. n 4 - Coy. (Evaluahon Coy.) of Signals Horking ";'bt. (Chef. H.Ruest,. u, B.d.E. (I Intellectuals' Coy').SUIJllIle):' of 4-2. First detailed investigation (Dr. Doering) into cypherteleprinters T52 a, bJ c, SZ 40. Completion of the works of DDenffer and Hilburg on B r-, v,211.

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of a f ew m at he ma ti ci an s to s .e ct io n I V ~sAbout J~ugust42. surrender . t' f the specialist part1es"Lnve rrtor-s" of new systems. ReorganJ_sa .10n 0 . l' tlyf d machine specl-a lSof s:ction VI. 1:'lVt~ansfe~ to, the. new ..r o.~e ne 1. First ac-sectri on, Extens1ve 1nvestlgahon Lnt o c . . : . 1 phe r mac~ 4 - t . weaknessquafrrt ance ,rith 'Na Pruef 7/IV (Dr. pupl')' Co.ll-sJ-gn sys ems,of the double Plqyfair. - C~'mr r TZ about maohineOatober 42. Official visit to Wanderer ~Ierke, ,llif'lU~--November 42. Beginning of investigations into maohin~ 39 (Naval).-._._--. _. ... .t 'r N FT I "r.rr.rlOTTrDT/lv'a1nhoughts onj){any discussions, offic1al Vl-S1 a & , D._d..l~l\'cun 1 mechanical aids to cryptanazysis.

( t 1 d in the US;1In the courae Df the .year q.212 0 strip sys em so vespeoialis1.-"sec-ti. on..E.!-,i~J.l. General investi.gations into 'small tec~ique [TECHNIKJl(Hagdin)", 1 example of the BO 38 received from WaPruef 7/IVtogether :with the statement that Hagelin was working in America(Dipl. Ing e Voss at STOCKHOLM).Oocasi.onally some investigationsinto Enigma-machine 39 and consideration of the technical oypher partof a future German standard Cypher teleprinter [SFM].Roughly end of 42 or beginning of 43. R.eappearance of C 36 messagesin De Gaulle traffic. Decoding by means of the method developedearlier by Dr. Denfferj likewise B 211 mensages appear, which howevez-do not decode accord'i.ng to the theo;:-etically worked out method.Summer 43. Works of Dr. Luzi.ua - Dr'. Kochendoert'fe'r on the crib prob-lem wi th the convertor 209. First key recovery from a crib. NajarLechner Head of Section I n 7/VI~ Occasionally conferences with OKVi/Chi?n BC 38, E~ligma~ cypher telep.rinter (Dr. Stein, HaSSG11jaeger) c Break-ang of CROATIANnigma. Captured specimen of convertor 209 from Italy -roughly about August ~j.I n the course of the year 4 3 . Renaming of In 7 / V I as 'Department ofSignals, Signals Reece Section U . .gN/NA)'.October 43. Move of office to JUETEREOG.Winter. 43/~ . Invest~gations of' Dr. Doering - Troebliger into RUSSIANcyp~e~ t. e Leprdnt s , cr-ibs , results of the Forschungsamt. Enigma: cribpro. 1 In, blgram system. Oonvertor 209: column separation [Spa1 t tnung ] , 0 36 messages vlith comuli.oated e ncypher-i ng t hni .. len dren-in the spring (La zouave du ~t d ' ..' ~ eo ru.que , sovedepth problem, X2 and W2 met~~~. Aln~ a dlt)o Theoretical lectUres:November 43. Discussion vnth Korvetten Kapitaen Jaeekl.Jan./FebruarY~44. DiSCUSsion at KOETHENon cyphe:c , teleprinter T 43.~rst half of the year 44. Inves t . .Naval Emergency Key (Kapt . M 19at10ns lnto weaknesses of theWeaknesses of the ArrmTE : z : v . Beegemann) (Freg. Kapb , Singer).. ...., m.gma system Conrpromi . r k 'sage sett1ng and question of ossib.."'-.. .se . a ey ,tnrough mes-means of enormous empl~r . t Pf l~l"Y 1n prlnolple of breaking byJ .lmen 0 machlnery.JI IILUCKENFULLER* . .. . and STEGKERUHR.WieheI' case,

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Attached to COmIDllnio;:).t:in.s E;:q"lclrirllontal s~ationOrdnanoe Branoh pruef 7 / r V e ) , (Obstlt. WeJ.demann~Dr. Lotze) 1 for the purpose of math~matical treatment of ciphonysystems. lilmost exclusively Russian X2 system. Undulator [FREQUENZ-SCHREIBER], lack of equipment. Theoretical investigat~ons into theconstruction of Tigerstedt keys. Brief aoquaintance wi.t h the work ofspecialist section o (;'3 and A9) .A'-ltumn44. .Attachment suspended; tranofe:cred from ";gN/NAbo OKW/Chi/rv;retu.rned to STAATS. 'Chi-conferences' in BER1. ,IN~ iit the instigation ofGe neral Gimmler.

-- - - -- * * * - -

~q-5. ;,} 3ctllres at OKV~/Ohion ci.phony, Fo:;.lowed by officialvis:.t to ~'.s:R!I;L.i.NNSTADT, Peuer-at ei.n laboratory, to become acquaintedwith -the pr-oposed German systems.B~gJ_nnin~of M~~ch4 5 . lunerican/English cipho~y apparatl1s from a cap-turc.d Mustang aTc restored to 'Working order by German AeronauticalResearch Iilstitute (Dipl. Lngs :Vegetnund) and its Vior'king' descr-i.bed;The investigations begun at prl.l.ef 7 / r V e could not be carried very farowing to the general disorganization then beginr~ng.

Notes by translator:

* It is perhaps relevant to no.e that the Swedish firm A.B. CryptographS;';ockholm produced an early tY 'PEl of Hagelin machine known as TEKNIKcryptograph machine. It may be this that is referred too** LfiCXENFDLLEReferred to by Dr. Fricke as a device for var,ying turn-over of wheels by means of adjustable p.Iugs on perimeter in rroon/r-zo,page 4 " paragraphs b) and d).

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rop SECRET "U II 5 .Footnotes to BUGGISOH career

h~ Systems studied.

0-36 _ The theoretical D.na~~sis of this in 1940 developed twotheoretical methods.1) Bastd on frequency of K. as word separator .2) Statistical - various, depending on the most usablefeature of the t ru ff ic , lO lli ,high letters, etc"

The studies made byB. et a2-. were used by Oberinsp.Kuehn to forestall the introduction of the device intothe Geruan Arqy, as advocat sd by Major JUNG.B. says the statistical method was later used in prac-tice and needed 300 letters. He makes general state-ments about considerable later success vtith 0 - 3 6 , from1942 on. (Not pinned down on this.)

B-211 - B. studi.ed this in 1942 in detail, using the trafficof two years before. ;" theoz-eti.caL solu.tion WaJ3 devel-oped and back traffic actually solved. However, theme_t!1Odid not work in practice when B211 traf'fic Viasagain encountered actually; ana. B, di a not mention ar.ynew methods devz.sed or any idea of how the machine mayhave been changed;

K- 37 - A RUssian machine. same principle as B211 ~ but DOTeprimitive. A model was cep+ured in 1941, and a theoret-ical solution worked out by HILBURG and Dr. v, DENFFER.They found it could be solved on a 10 letter crib. Thework remained purely theoretical as no traffic in themachine was ever received.

E4D - rl. little macha.ne designed by l~ZER. DemING- and B. didsecurity stud i.es on it in 1940, found it modez-at eIysecure but it was never acttw.lly used. I think B. saidthis was a foreru.nner of tne 041, but the motion of thewheels was not so irregular.

041 - B. says this was I 'ENZERI s idea, and the tecl:nical sidewas Horked out by PUPF of' '/i,:,pffiJEJ)' 7. ,:,;::ar as heknows onlY the Luftwaffe used it for 10 figure traffic(Heather?) The ;;_rny hemmed e.nd hawed and never didadopt it.B. worked on both the S,'-liss and Croat modeLs th formerin liaison with Dr. KUNZSof the ;..uswartige~ ;.rut: At:he c1~seof o~e session he mentioned an idea for usingHo'lLer-Lh raachf.ne ry to try all pos i,tiona of the EIlIG"-'(frat . d thi) _t; i..ri. panne on s; In 1942 B. knew of studies by:hers on both TYpex and EI-rr~,;;.. (";'gain not pinned)._e TJpey. one showed it ;""'-oe1 e ss ::> kncws OI~""" L" kIftll - - --"'.... .;- LJ.. r.: _ _~4W l . I n e : : uc ..-en le~al.z; an~ Eni.gma Uhr ideas, O'..lt hO"1 ranch he hadto do 1.7~"htnem .1.3 not c'Lear-, "F;JL ',iICH ER" - Re t P 1solved It in 1 9 3 9 . - por 0 83

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TOP SECRET nU" 6.. this from 19J,2 on,- B. knows of theoretion]. stUd:-8S on did s()IIlS work on it.chiefly 'by SDF LUCIUS. B. hlmself

_ Swedish Hagelin. (Their spi~S in sweden told them theU. S. was adopting a Hagelin idea.)

J . alty worked on by himGER\ET 39 - This was Bis persona. speo~ ,at intervals from 1942 on.

M209

BC38

~'52, a,b,o - B. knows of theDORINGchiefly,on 1000 lettersstudies made on this in 1942 byD . found it ( T 5 2 c ) could be solvedof text.

3Z40,42, etc. _ DORINGalso studies the SZ40 in 1942 and showedits insecurity. Doubtful how much B. knows--oer-tainly not his main line.

RUssian Baudot _ B. mentioned Doringl s work, but he has not beendrawn out on this. He has said only that he hadnothing to do v1ith it in his own WAPRUEl:i' 7 per-iod (1944 on) and that the machinery (presumab~Steeple Claydon) was built by Lorenz. The re-search was under Ref. C/Gruppe I V of Y l U ? R U E F 7.

2. Codes and miscellaneousa. Russian - In September-December 1940, B. worked on a 4-figurecode with heading OLOWO,'No success, Says he could not getenough depth.Russian 5-figure code, B. heard of suocessful work on this in1940. Whenhe returned to RUssian work in 19)+1he worked on a5-figure code (OK40) described as that used by the High Commandto ArmyGroups and Armies, 300 plus groups, enciphered by a table(no mention of IIBLOCI\.NOTII).This code had so much traffic thatit piled up as many as 12 depths at first. A new code came inin October 141, ahd depths were less thereafter. B. and othermathematicians were withdrawn from this work in Nov. 1941, andhe states that the problem was handed over largely to the Hol-lerith section."Lower systemsll - B. knows of these, but says they were mostlyhandled forward.N K v m , partisans, etc. - not questioned.S'peech-scrambling systems - see special note.

b. F:e~ch - ~n 1941 -42, B . worked on a 5-figure de GaUlle code (inlJ.aJ.~on vnth Kunze of the Ausw, Amt)--not successful. A com-Ptrh~nukse:'levdealedit to be transposed. No later SUccess with1.S noV{e ge.Also F90, F110, s'im,-,le field codes_.'1-' successfully solved.

c. G:eek -.In early 1941, B. solvedhe reclpherment (period of 35).speed when the campaign ended.

a 5-letter code "'ith a 7-cyc-Just getting to operational

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d. Hungarian - 'UhenB. was in Balkan Referat, DORINGolved aRaster-type cipher brilliantly. (early 1941)

e. Jugoslav- In 1941 B. knows of the solution of a. cod~ enciph-ered in a new system. Diplomatic traffic. .~l~o clalli1.s gen-eral familiarity with work on Mihailovic and Tlto systems,.but s~s OK~/Chidid most of this.

f. Rumanian- B. generally familiar with 1941 work on these.

B. GermanC"'~lPtMethods and OrganizationB. says Hollerith vias highly developed on the Rus-

sian 5-figure problem. He also merrtLona special a~a-lytic machinery, notably photocell con~arison machln-ery used by OKW,which he says ViaS better than the GKH.use of Holle1:'ith for same purpose. His familiarity inthis field seems general only. Note the mention inhis life story of first thoughts in this direction inNovember42. (IIEZ-Hilfsgeraetell)

Heer-eswef'f'enamt B. worked with Ref \. of Gruppe IV of 'yvapruef 7and from June 1944 on. This was under Dr. Lotze, whowithWapruef 7 Dr. Schone had worked on "voice de-cscr-ambi.ng" for along time. ~'swork in thts is being covered in Spec-ial Report 1 in preparation (0l1 the Russian "X2H) .

Analyticr.rachinery

B. also mentions Ref. e,of the Gruppe, under Bau RatKIERKHOFF,s the research agency fqr work on RussianBaudot. T.hesubject VIasnot pursued, as B. said heknewlittle about its work. A3 and A9 refer to 3 and9 Channel Russian transmissions, and the devioes tointercept them.B. did not work with Liebknecht, as L. was engaged inthe opposite end of the work, i.e. developing German~oice ~orffinblers. This was under Gruppe III (L. hav-lng movedover from Gruppe II). B. and L. agree inthe. statement that the technical end of regular cipherdev1cEs was handled at first by Gruppe IV, but in abou.t1942 was turned over to Gruppe III.

In addition to the X2wor-kand somework on Tiger-st~dt at the end, B. mentions a special intercept 100-at i.on of the .Referat at ST..I....S in a cave, at which some I '5-letter rad.lo traffic (with "HELLOTEKIJn preamble) Ifr~m London to U.S. was intercepted. Not pursued on I Ith1S. KnOWledgeseems general. 'B. says his first period in the V/apruef 7 was paini'uland u~eless, as he found no mathematical application~~d dld not knowenough electricity. He got to know1Sw~ arounq better, but his descriptions of devicesare stl11 not exact.

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'ith Ebermannstadt was a thr~e-B's only connectlon Vi the .urpose of see arigday trip in Ja~u~Y""~1945a.~~~BBEL~G'" to get ideasIIERSCHV/ffiUNGSG.l!JrUETl!.n n intercept devices. Hefor the work of Gruppe IV old scription of these.. Is the most genera e. . d tcan gave on.u , t E but itwas In an ou( "WOBBELUNG"ay not bethe .. ., . nt) B vms takent' t a s pOl. of the conver-sa l.011a. t h d'?) He saysthrough E. by a Dr. GOING(depu y ea, ." ts therehe has no de tailed knowledge of the proJec I V He'f them we re connected with Gruppe. f'as none 0 ht Though the lack 0kept referring us to Liebkneo. k ",~r't nds of the same war. m~liaison between oppoaa e e. . t h: d' ng ah1Tthing." felt sure he Vias not l. l vseem strange, we, th matters') Hence(He certainly isn't. bashful a ,n 0 er .' tour firm opinion that he would b~ no use at E ., aleast from the technical standpolntl

(Frequenzschreiber) B. talked. much of one device. be~~g d~~e;~~6~a~~Gruppe IV. (We are not clear whe er l. '_of his work on Russian IIX2"--the report a.n pz-eparation will clarify the point.) This was the FRE:QUENZSCHREIBER--describedas a device for analyzlngspeeoh transmissions. These ~ere taken. down on asound track and a picture of the harmonlcs produced.B. says it was designed for speech frequenci~s (3000-5000). His description, as in other cases, l.S thatof a iayman, He says the device could be used forseparating the propellor noises of planes and thusdistinguishing them,

(Ebermannstadt)

FUrther on Russian Eau.dot - B. says that one Dipl.Lng , GRluviBERGame to Gruppe IV with him from IN 7/VIand was used to translate the intercepted clear textin Russian Baudot. "90;~of itwas unimportant. It

Work on GermanSecurity This is a pet subject with B. His story is that upto 1942 the maohines and systems introduced were notchecked mathematical~ for security, WhenDORINGinthat year vointed out the weakness of the early T52'sto the higher-ups (FELLGIEBEL)it ;vas decided to checkall newdevices. Bu.t the liaison on this was stillbad ("tragisch-comiSchll) and even if IN 7/VI detectedan insecurity it was ve~ hard to get action. (E.sa~;-she knew of grave misuse of double playfair E-nigma, and in the Panzer formation codes.) ,Converse~ it was very hard to get aotion on new de-Vices. Geraete 39 and 41 were both in develo:;,)mentfor years and had still not come out at the end. B.has the a~?st inevitable comments about the miEtarynon-technl.cl.ans who blocked things. B. says: cissystems wer-e the special province of' Dr. v, DENFFER(see supra) and that FRICKEalso knew this SUbjectwell.

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OKH Vlork onAgent Ci:.)hers

B. says he knows little about this, as it was undera s-)ecial Referat under O bI t V ,'" UCK a nd VIas kej_Jt sep-arate from the rest, 1I7ith no technical liaison.

C. personalities in German Signal IntelligenceAs his life story ShO~-ISB. has a good memory for names and Ls

familiar with a ~7ide variety of sections and the specialists inthem.

lEost of the names are already known, The one name for whichhe adds corrsp icuou.s lustre is that of Wachtmeister DORING. (Inci-dentalJ_y both HENTZEand KlillRENBERGoncur in B' s estiL'1ate). Dor-ing did many original studies and solutions, and B. rates him - -frankly above himself. B. also speaks highly of Saf LUZIUS' workonM209 (again HKNTZEconcurs), and of PIETSCH. (Doring was ';7ithIN 7(VI in the Machine Referat \vith B. a n a at the end was in Ref1.A of GrLlppe IV, of Gen der NA).

;:l.nother name of possible interest is Dr. Y. DENFFER, both from-B. and named by HENTZEas chief of ENTZIFF&iUNGVii th Kdr 6 at theend;