This presentation premiered at WaterSmart Innovations · Desired Outcome • Corrosion – Mild Steel

This presentation premiered at WaterSmart Innovations

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Creative Water Solutions © 2014

Increasing Water Conservation in Cooling Towers Using Sphagnum

MossDavid R. Knighton MD

CEO and Co-Founder CWS


Introduction• Cooling towers are the

second largest user of potable water behind agriculture


History of CWS

• Started 2003• First commercial product 2004 for spas• Pools• Industrial water in 2013• Home and commercial potable water 2019


Sphagnum Moss

• Harvested by hand

• Green • Sustainable• Renewable


Sphagnum Moss Leaf Structure


• Select species of Sphagnum moss

• Leaves are separated and cleaned

• CWS products are made from moss leaves

First Step in CWS Product Journey


• Cut and compressed

• Leaves are pressed and formed into a board

• Boards are cut into correct shapes

• Moss is sterilized

Second Step in CWS Product Journey


Product for Industrial Applications

• Sphagnum moss forcommercial and industrial applications

• Select species

• Patented


Industrial Contact ChamberSubmerged Water Body

• ProMoss™ are exposed to water using a contact chamber

• Contact chamber is submerged in flowing water

• Flow within the tank allows exposure of the ProMoss™ leaves to the water


Industrial Off-line or In-line Contact Chamber

• Installed off line

• Maintain 15 Gal/min flow

• Plumbed across an existing pump or an auxiliary pump


Known Sphagnum Moss Functions

• Absorbs 20X its dry weight in water• Absorbs 10X its dry weight in oil• Absorbs positively charged ions• Acidifies Water• Removes CO2 from the atmosphere


What ProMoss™ Does

• Absorbs water and oil• Absorbs cations• Clarifies water decreasing turbidity• Inhibits organic contamination• Inhibits the formation and removes scale• Inhibits corrosion


Cation Absorption into Sphagnum Moss Leaves using Plasma Mass Spectroscopy


Organic Contamination


Air Scrubber Water Pipe at a Tobacco

Factory


ProMoss™ Effect on Scale in a Cooling Tower Rochester, NY

Scale without ProMoss™ Scale with ProMoss™


End caps – pool heat exchangerWater From boiler treated with polymer and dispersant - four years of service

Pool side of the same heat exchangerPoolMoss® treated pool water – 4 years

Heat Exchanger Indoor Pool

Effect of ProMoss™onScale

Field Results


Cooling Tower Example90% Reduction in Corrosion for Copper

• Tower without Moss • Tower with Moss

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

8/4/

13

8/14

/13

8/24

/13

9/3/

13

9/13

/13

9/23

/13

10/3

/13

10/1

3/13

10/2

3/13

MPY

Date

Probe 1

Probe 2

Linear (Probe 1)

Linear (Probe 2)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

0 5 10 15

MPY

Probe 1

Probe 2

coupon

Linear (Probe 1)

Linear (Probe 2)

Linear (coupon)


Cooling Towers and Chillers


Cooling Tower Examples

• 2200 Ton tower Corning, NY• 2000 Ton tower Rochester, NY


ProMoss™ Trial at Corning Inc


Corning Kiln Tower #2

• Mfg: Marley• Tons: 2200• Make up water:

13,000 g/day• ProMoss™ dosage

– 5 ProMoss™3– 1 ProMoss™2


Scope and ObjectivesCorning Cooling Tower Trial

• Determine and compare effectiveness and benefits of ProMoss™ on a kiln cooling tower– Scale– Corrosion– Biological (bacterial counts and organic contamination)– pH, conductivity, calcium hardness– Operating costs/savings

• Compare results with a tower on traditional chemical water treatment and another with an electro-precipitator on non-chemical water treatment


Corning Criteria for SuccessSystem Performance

Desired Outcome• Corrosion

– Mild Steel


Corning Criteria for SuccessCooling Water Chemistry

Desired Outcome• Conductivity/pH

– 100% compliance with specified tower range

• Corrosion products– Fe < 1.0 mg/l– Cu < 0.2 mg/l

Acceptable Outcome• Conductivity/pH

– 75% compliance with specific tower range

• Corrosion products– Fe < 2.0 mg/l– Cu < 0.5 mg/l


Corning Criteria for SuccessEnvironmental ROI

Desired Outcome• Water use

– Lower water use than baseline

• Energy– Lower energy consumption

than baseline• Energize pumps• Energize chemical feed

pumps• Energy to operate non-

chemical system• Supports and enhances

Cornig’s corporate sustainability goals

Acceptable Outcome• Water use

– Similar water use as baseline

• Energy– Similar energy consumption

as baseline• Energize pumps• Energize chemical feed

pumps• Energy to operate non-

chemical system• Neutral with respect to

Corning’s sustainability goals


Corning Criteria for SuccessSystem Reliability

Desired Outcome• Decreased maintenance

from baseline• No down time for tower

function

Acceptable Outcome• No change in

maintenance from baseline

• No increase in down time for tower function


Water Savings ResultsProMoss™ Tower


Bacterial Dip Slide DataProMoss™ Tower


Corrosion Coupon DataProMoss™ Tower


18 Month Followup

Test Result

pH 8.59

Turbidity NTU .279

TDS mg/l 437

Conductivity μS/cm 891

Fe mg/l 0.01

Copper Free mg/l 0.04

Copper Total mg/l 0.08

Ca Hardness mg/l CaC03 198

Alkalinity mg/l 295

ATP Free RLU / ATP Total RLU 179 / 179

5 cycles of concentration/ 196,497 gallonsmakeup per month down from 338,454

gallons before ProMoss™ - 42% decrease


11 Month Trial In Rochester, NY

• Major defense contractor• Removed all chemical treatment• Used Sphagnum moss• Biocide hydrogen peroxide from a generator


11 Month Trial in Rochester NY

System Volume 16,000 gal

Average Daily Makeup 21,356 gal

Makeup Savings to Date 275,644 gal

Blow-down Savings to Date 3,684 gal



0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 10000010/2/1710/6/17

10/11/1710/16/1710/19/1710/24/1710/27/17

11/1/1711/6/1711/9/17

11/14/1711/17/1711/22/1711/29/17

12/4/1712/7/17

12/12/1712/15/1712/20/1712/28/17

1/4/181/9/18

1/12/181/18/181/23/181/26/181/31/18

GALLONS

Make Up Water Volume Comparison

Make Up

Make Up

Linear (Make Up)

Linear (Make Up)

Chemical Water Treatment Linear Regression

Sphagnum moss Water Treatment Linear Regression



0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 8000010/2/2017

10/10/201710/17/201710/24/201710/31/2017

11/7/201711/14/201711/21/201711/30/2017

12/7/201712/14/201712/21/2017

1/4/20181/11/20181/19/20181/26/201810/4/2016

10/12/201610/19/201610/26/2016

Blow Down Water Volume Comparison

Blowdown Blowdown

Chemical Water Treatment



Makeup water cost 1st 125,000 gal $390.00

Makeup water cost additional $2.21/1000 $332.97

Average water cost savings 12 months $2,168.09

Average to Date Sewer Cost $2.2368/1000 $616.61

Average to Date Sewer Savings per month $154.15

Average to Date Sewer Savings per year $1,849.82

Average To Date Sewer Credit per year $1,825.09

Total Overall Water Cost Savings per year $3,993.89

Improvement in Heat Transfer 3%

Chemical cost savings are unknown


Results in Rochester NY

• Corporation changed it’s water treatment contract to Sphagnum moss even after the previous company lowered their price by $20,000.

• They are in the process of switching all towers to the Sphagnum moss system


Conclusions

• Sphagnum moss treated cooling towers result in water savings by:• Removing the contribution of chemical treatment to total

conductivity by 18-20%• Allowing increase in cycles of concentration 2-3 fold after

Sphagnum moss conditions the water and removes scale from the system.

• Cycles of concentration vary by location • North Carolina 16 cycles• New York 6-8 cycles

• Average water savings is 40 – 50%• Potential similar savings worldwide

WSI Cover Sheet.pdfSlide Number 1

1515- David KnightonSlide Number 1Slide Number 2History of CWSSlide Number 4Sphagnum Moss Leaf StructureSlide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11What ProMoss™ DoesCation Absorption into Sphagnum Moss Leaves using Plasma Mass SpectroscopySlide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16ProMoss™ Effect on Scale in a Cooling Tower Rochester, NYSlide Number 18Slide Number 19Cooling Towers and ChillersCooling Tower ExamplesProMoss™ Trial at Corning IncCorning Kiln Tower #2Scope and Objectives�Corning Cooling Tower TrialCorning Criteria for Success�System PerformanceCorning Criteria for Success�Cooling Water ChemistryCorning Criteria for Success�Environmental ROICorning Criteria for Success�System ReliabilityWater Savings Results�ProMoss™ TowerBacterial Dip Slide Data�ProMoss™ TowerCorrosion Coupon Data�ProMoss™ Tower18 Month Followup11 Month Trial In Rochester, NY11 Month Trial in Rochester NY11 Month Trial in Rochester NY11 Month Trial in Rochester NY11 Month Trial in Rochester NYResults in Rochester NYConclusions

Documents

This presentation premiered at WaterSmart Innovations · Desired Outcome • Corrosion – Mild Steel