The WaterBackpack “PAUL” in Disasters and for Permanent Supply · 2017-02-02 · WUS in Kassel 4.11.2016 PAUL – ddas Mh htMenschenrecht auf WWasser The WaterBackpack “PAUL”

WUS in Kassel4.11.2016

PAUL d M h ht f WPAUL – das Menschenrecht auf Wasser

The WaterBackpack “PAUL”The WaterBackpack PAULin Disasters and forPermanent SupplyPermanent Supply

GreenTecA d

Franz‐Bernd Frechen, IWA Fellow

Winner 2011 in the

AwardsWINNER2016

,Chair, IWA Specialist Group „Membrane

Technology“Chair, DWA Committee on „Membrane

Slide 1 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DESEE)

Head: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. F.‐B. Frechenwww.uni‐kassel.de/fb14/siwawi

category „society“Water & Sewage Bioreactors“

WUS in Kassel4.11.2016Das Menschenrecht auf Wasser und Sanitärversorgung

Das Menschenrecht auf Wasser und SanitärversorgungRESOLUTION 64/292 der UN‐Vollversammlung vom 28. Juli 2010

Die Generalversammlung ...1. erkennt das Recht auf einwandfreies und sauberes Trinkwasser und

Sanitärversorgung als ein Menschenrecht an, das unverzichtbar für den vollen Genuss des Lebens und aller Menschenrechte ist;

2. fordert die Staaten und die internationalen Organisationen auf, im Wege der internationalen Hilfe und Zusammenarbeit Finanzmittel bereitzustellen, Kapazitäten aufzubauen und Technologien weiterzugeben, insbesondere für die Entwicklungsländer, um die Anstrengungen zur Bereitstellung von einwandfreiem, sauberem, zugänglichem und erschwinglichem Trinkwasser und zur Sanitärversorgung für alle zu verstärken; ...

...aber: Da die Resolutionen der Generalversammlung für die 192 Staaten der Vereinten Nationen rechtlich nicht bindend sind, sind sie auch nicht einklagbar



einklagbar.

WUS in Kassel4.11.2016Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)



Quelle: http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable‐development‐goals/

WUS in Kassel4.11.2016Facts and figures

2.6 billion people have gained access to improved drinking water sources since 1990, but 663 illi l till ith t 83% f th li i l663 million people are still without – 83% of them live in rural areasAt least 1.8 billion people globally use a source of drinking water that is fecallycontaminatedBetween 1990 and 2015, the proportion of the global population using an improvedBetween 1990 and 2015, the proportion of the global population using an improved drinking water source has increased from 76 per cent to 91 per cent But water scarcity affects more than 40 per cent of the global population and is projected to rise. Over 1.7 billion people are currently living in river basins where water use exceeds rechargerecharge2.4 billion people lack access to basic sanitation services, such as toilets or latrinesMore than 80 per cent of wastewater resulting from human activities is discharged into rivers or sea without any pollution removalEach day, nearly 1,000 children die due to preventable water and sanitation‐related diarrhoeal diseasesHydropower is the most important and widely‐used renewable source of energy and as of 2011 represented 16 per cent of total electricity production worldwide2011, represented 16 per cent of total electricity production worldwideApproximately 70 per cent of all water abstracted from rivers, lakes and aquifers is used for irrigationFloods and other water‐related disasters account for 70 per cent of all deaths related to



natural disastersQuelle: http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable‐development‐goals/


Countries with more than 15 mio. people in rural areas w/o

3,1% 4,9% 9,5%

access to safe water [% of country's total population]

China

22,3%41,4%

China

India

Indonesia

32,1%39,6%

Nigeria

Kenya

Tanzania

37,2%

Tanzania

Congo

Ethiopia



Quelle: http://www.wssinfo.org/data‐estimates/tables/


Countries with more than 15 mio. people in rural areas w/o

150071947363407

p p /access to safe water [in 1,000] ‐ Total: 276 Mio.

1947324272

28183

63407 Kenya

Tanzania

Indonesia28183

40920

43743Indonesia

Congo

Ethiopia40920

40932Nigeria

China

IndiaIndia



Quelle: http://www.wssinfo.org/data‐estimates/tables/

WUS in Kassel4.11.2016Goal 6 targets

By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable

Goal 6: Ensure access to water and sanitation for all

drinking water for allBy 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situationssituationsBy 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globallyBy 2030, substantially increase water‐use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcityBy 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through y , p g g , g gtransboundary cooperation as appropriateBy 2020, protect and restore water‐related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakesBy 2030 expand international cooperation and capacity building support to developingBy 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity‐building support to developing countries in water‐ and sanitation‐related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies



Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management Quelle: http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/water‐and‐sanitation/

WUS in Kassel4.11.2016Final remark on SDG goal 6: water

improved unimproved

663

0

7 000

8.000

9.000on

en

1 2691.186

1.025901

756663

5.000

6.000

7.000

en in

Millio

5.004 5.5376.118 6.638

8.5031.269

3.000

4.000

Men

sche

4.019 4.460 5.004

0

1.000

2.000

Anzahl

From 1990 to 2015, access to safe water was realized for 287,00 people daily We have to speed up: since 1st January 2016 until 2030, we have to increase

01990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 (2030)



We have to speed up: since 1 January 2016 until 2030, we have to increase this number to 340,000 people every day


The original task of research, starting in 2001, was to create a small unit that

Concerning PAUL ...

provides potable water in emergencies, characterized by No energy needed No chemicals needed Simple & robust No or nearly no maintenance needed Operational even for illiterates h h h f b k k Lightweight and easily transportable, even hands‐free as a backpack Designed to help in emergencies and disasters

The result was the waterbackpack “PAUL”



WUS in Kassel4.11.2016WaterBackpack “PAUL” designed by DESEE:

starting 2001, at DESEE we designed the WaterBackpack “PAUL”, a small membrane ultrafiltration (UF) unit

membr area 9 5 m² 150 kDa membr. area 9.5 m², 150 kDa 1,200 L/d (1.2 tons) for 400

people in emergency and 60p p g ypeople as permanent supply

weight: 20 kg, 0.4 x 0.4 x1.1 m h i l l i i

0.80 mmax.

No chemicals, no electricity, operates with gravity

can be operated even by illiterates can be operated even by illiterates no maintenance during emergencies 6 or 12 on one Euro‐Palette



lifetime 10 years permanent supply


no moving parts, no energy, no chemicals, no maintenance , extremely

The complete operation manual

robust, to be operated by anyone – even illiterates

See the complete operation manual!

Portable

AquaAqua

Unit for

L f



L ifesaving

WUS in Kassel4.11.2016bacteria removal

7V4

5

6

Value LRV

2

3

4ed

uctio

n‐V

Fresenius Fresenius Fresenius Fresenius Fresenius Fresenius0

1

Log‐Re

e.coli coliforme I.E. e.coli coliforme I.E.

ISO 9308‐1 ISO 9308‐1 ISO 7899‐2 ISO 9308‐1 ISO 9308‐1 ISO 7899‐2

PAUL A PAUL A PAUL A PAUL B PAUL B PAUL B

MiiMin 5,301 5,368 4,444 5,672 5,929 5,041Mittel 5,689 5,704 5,092 6,013 6,144 5,245Max 6,362 6,415 5,568 6,380 6,431 5,544

min

maxavg



analyzed by Institut Fresenius, Göttingen

WUS in Kassel4.11.2016virus removal (Federal Environment Agency UBA)

added virussesadded virusses

human adenovirusses



analyzed by Federal Environment Agency, Dessau/Roßlau

WUS in Kassel4.11.2016virus removal (Federal Environment Agency UBA)

total amount filtered in m³

feed: drinking water



analyzed by Federal Environment Agency, Dessau/Roßlau

WUS in Kassel4.11.2016heavy metal and AOX removal (2 grab samples!)

para‐meter

unitraw water

limit (German drinking water

d )

permeate P1

permeate P6

removal P1

removal P6meter water

ordnance)P1 P6 P1 P6

As µg/L 51 10 5.5 4.6 89.2% 91.0%Cd µg/L 29 5 0.11 1.3 99.6% 95.5%Cr µg/L 230 50 27 25 88.3% 89.1%Cu µg/L 500 2 000 7 390 98.6% 22.0%Hg µg/L 27 1 <0,2 <0,2 99.3% 99.3%Hg µg/L 27 1 0,2 0,2 99.3% 99.3%Ni µg/L 330 20 13 24 96.1% 92.7%Pb µg/L 69 10 < 2,5 < 2,5 99.6% 99.6%Zn µg/L 1 600 34 84 97 9% 94 8%Zn µg/L 1 600 ‐ 34 84 97.9% 94.8%AOX µg/L < 50 ‐ < 50 140 ‐ ‐



analyzed by Analytisches Labor KEB, Kassel

WUS in Kassel4.11.2016Disasters: e.g. Phillipines



© Christian Wagner

WUS in Kassel4.11.2016Disasters: e.g. Phillipines



WUS in Kassel4.11.2016PAUL worldwide

DR Congo: 20 Madagascar: 12Malaysia: 4 Mexico: 3

Mongolia: 13 2 197 PAUL

P ki t 255Cameroon: 10Kenya: 11

Kenya/Somalia: 31Colombia: 39Comoros: 13

Cuba: 12

stock HDL: 138

Malawi: 22Mali: 5

adagasca Mongolia: 13Mozambique: 3

Myanmar: 185Namibia: 1

Nepal: 251Niger: 11Ni i 5

2,197 PAULas of 26.08.2016

Pakistan: 255

Haiti: 171

India: 28Indonesia: 12

Cambodia: 7Cameroon: 10 Nepal: 251 Nigeria: 5

Pakistan: 256

Ghana: 148Guinea: 1

Haiti: 171Peru: 11Philippines: 170

United Kingdom: 2Guatemala: 1

Russia: 1Sambia: 1

Switzerland: 1

Vietnam: 132unknown: 99

Afghanistan: 14Ec ador 21

Eritrea: 7France: 1

Gambia: 26

Switzerland: 1Senegal: 1

Sierra Leone: 3Zimbabwe: 1

Somalia: 11St. Lucia: 2

South Sudan: 13Tanzania: 18Venezuela: 10



Egypt: 6Bénin: 10

Bolivia: 1

Bulgaria: 1Chile: 2Dom. Rep.: 1

Ecuador: 21 Swaziland: 1Taiwan: 2

Togo: 2Turkey/Syria: 6Hungary: 3

Uganda: 22Central African Republic: 2

WUS in Kassel4.11.2016Some organizations who brought PAUL into use

Stift lif



Stiftunglife

WUS in Kassel4.11.2016PAUL as permanent water supply

valve closed

top view side viewfront

valve open

sieve with valve incl floatsieve with valve incl. float,



WUS in Kassel4.11.2016PAUL Station as permanent water supply















WUS in Kassel4.11.2016Ghana – permanent supply



WUS in Kassel4.11.2016Ghana – permanent supply



WUS in Kassel4.11.2016Colombia – permanent supply

La GuajiraCundinamarca Nariño

Jagüey

E.coli [KbE/100ml] Trübung [NTU] Färbung [Pt/Co]Rohwasser PAUL Rohwasser PAUL Rohwasser PAUL

C/marca 20 0 8,90 0,01 7 1Cauca 6.000 0 7,83 0,01 39 1

Einsatzort



La Guajira 3.000 0 40,70 0,01 28 11Nariño 52 0 11,40 0,50 100 50

WUS in Kassel4.11.2016Nepal – permanent supply



WUS in Kassel4.11.2016India – permanent supply










Surface water twice per weekSurface water twice per week for one hour only












WUS in Kassel4.11.2016some additional but very important facts

PAUL is assembled at Kassel Disabled Workshop No spare parts import necessary, as no cartridges etc. must be

replaced on a regular basis Nowaste of resources concerning firewood as boiling the No waste of resources concerning firewood, as boiling the

water for disinfection is not necessary anymore Waste minimization, as water will no longer be supplied in g pp

plastic bottles Dramatically reduced cases of illness, thus l t d t ill less cost due to illness less cost due to inability to work less absence from school = improved educational opportunities

Local added value by creation of employment as plant manufacturer/water vendor/plant operator/maintenance worker – perfect for micro financing



worker perfect for micro financing


usage for permanent supply: g p pp yhow to set up a local business



WUS in Kassel4.11.2016Initial information



WUS in Kassel4.11.2016Initial information

1 Jahr benutzbar 20 € pro Filter

PAUL zum Vergleich: um einen PAULgzu ersetzen:

30‐60 units (um 1.200 L/d aufzubereiten) 300‐600 units (für 10 Jahre) 300 600 units (für 10 Jahre) Das kostet 6.000 € bis 12.000 € PAUL: kostet 1.000 € (humanitär)



WUS in Kassel4.11.2016Remark on field inspections of PAUL

in practice, the daily flow is far beyond our design value of 1,200 L/d, up to 10,000 L/day (most in the range between 2,000 L/d and 6,000 L/d),

Measured 19 Sept. ’16in Puthanthurai:

43204800 4800 4824 5000

5400 5400

4000

5000

6000

d pe

r day

2,500 L/day Measured

20 Sept. ’161200

19202400

2880 28803323

2000

3000

4000Liter filtered

pin Pallam:>6,000 L/day

1200

0

1000

L



WUS in Kassel4.11.2016PAUL Station – expenses estimated

External cost (to be paid only once) PAUL Station Kit (includes PAUL unit, PCU, SV, V, OPS, PS, freshwater meter

and installation material):115,000 Rs*,

Transportation (ship): 5,000 Rs

Local cost Local cost Customs – depending upon country: 30,000 RsBuild up PAUL Station: 60,000 Rsi l l l t t RWT FWT t dincl. local transport, RWT, FWT, standsfor RWT, FWT & PAUL, hoses and parts,construction, pump, painting, start‐up,wages, instructions for usagewages, instructions for usageMaintenance 10 years 30,000 Rs

Total cost: 240,000 Rs(50% local)

= 3,000 €



(50% local) * Only valid for humanitarian usage!

WUS in Kassel4.11.2016PAUL Station – earnings and profit

Lifetime production: 1,200 L/d x 365 d x 10 a = 4,380,000 Liter One 20 L water can at the Tamil Nadu coastline costs 30 Rs:

1.5 Rs/Liter = 0.02 €/Liter Sell PAUL Station water for 1/3 of that price = 0.5 Rs/Liter Lifetime production is worth 4,380,00 x 0.5 = 2,190,000 Rs Lifetime profit is: 2,190,000 – 400,000 = 1,790,000 Rs = 22,375 € Or 179,000 Rs/year = 2,237 €/year O 14 917 R / h 186 €/ h Or 14,917 Rs/month = 186 €/month Payback period < 1.5 years

Why not operate 20 PAUL Stations (and become a water businesswoman / businessman ) ??



businesswoman / businessman ) ??

WUS in Kassel4.11.2016PAUL Station – savings in INDIA

This calculation was made by the Indian partners!



This calculation was made by the Indian partners!Source: terre des hommes India 2016

WUS in Kassel4.11.2016see also

www.uni‐kassel.de\fb14\siwawil dcloud: https://www.dropbox.com/sh/hcrg8fui0lttkqt/AAAcKt0m66p8JQdz19vtldbta?dl=0

i i hWinner 2011 in thecategory „society“

GreenTecAwardsWINNER2016

Water & Sewage



© Humanity Care Foundation

Water & Sewage

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The WaterBackpack “PAUL” in Disasters and for Permanent Supply · 2017-02-02 · WUS in Kassel 4.11.2016 PAUL – ddas Mh htMenschenrecht auf WWasser The WaterBackpack “PAUL”