THE WAR’S AFTERMATH

U.S. HistoryDecember 9 / 10, 2014

THE WAR’S AFTERMATH• Objective:• Students will be to discuss the

consequences of the war and Compare & Contrast issues of the past with the present.

• Purpose:• Is it any better?• Proficiency to vote vs. Proficiency to

graduate?• Standard(s):• 1.10 - Students will process the

concepts and results of the Civil War and Reconstruction as they apply to the 20th century by utilizing one of the big 11 social studies skills.

• Historical Thinking Skill:• Compare & Contrast• Cause & Consequence

PHOTOS OF RECONSTRUCTION

ACTIVITY: BLACK CODES & PROFICIENCY DISCUSSIONReceive a copy of the Louisiana Literacy Test.

Take the test and determine if based on Louisiana's standards, if you will be given the right to vote in that state.

Be prepared to discuss this and how it compares to modern proficiency testing.

ACTIVITY: BLACK CODES & PROFICIENCY DISCUSSION

WARM-UP: RECONSTRUCTION VIDEO• Watch the video and provide a warrant.

• Provide a summary and commentary of the video.

• Summary = A general overview.

• Commentary = Your opinion, interpretation, perspective; what it means to you.

ACTIVITY: CHAPTER 12 SECTION 1 & 2 NOTES• The War’s Aftermath• 1. What condition was the South in following the Civil

War?• Physical Toil: War destroyed two thirds of the South’s

infrastructure (industry, railroads, farms, livestock, bridges).

• Human Toil: The North lost 364,000 soldiers & 38,000 African Americans. The South lost 260,000 soldiers.

• Hardships:• Black Southerners – Started their new lives in a poor region with slow

economic activity. Many found themselves homeless, jobless, and hungry.

• Plantation Owners – Planters lost slave labor worth about $3 billion.• Poor White Southerners – Could not find work because of new job

competition from freedmen.

• 2. How did people feel about the South rejoining the Union Should they have punishments or be pardoned?• The debate over these questions launched new battles so fierce

that some historians call “Reconstruction” an extension of the Civil War.

• Lincoln and Johnson’s Reconstruction plans• 3) Lincoln’s Plan• 1. Pardoned

southerners who swore allegiance to the Union.

• 2. Denied pardons to all Confederates / southerners who had killed African American war prisoners.

• 3. Each state to hold constitutional convention. 10% of voters had to swear allegiance to the Union.

• 4. States could then hold elections and resume full participation in the Union.

• Both:• 1. Pardon of

Confederates & southerners based on oath…

• 2. Each state to hold constitutional convention.

• 3. States could hold elections & rejoin the Union.

• Johnson’s Plan• 1. Pardoned

southerners who swore allegiance to the Union.

• 2. Permitted each state to hold a constitution convention

• (without permission / 10% of allegiance requirement).

• 3. States were required to void secession, abolish slavery, and repudiate the Confederate debt.

• 4. States could then hold elections and rejoin the Union.

• 4. Who were the Radical Republicans?• Believed that the Civil War had been fought over the moral issue of slavery. The main goal of Reconstruction should be a total restructuring of society to guarantee black people true equality.

• 5. What is a pocket veto?• If congress adjourns its session within ten days of submitting a bill to the president, and the • president does not act, the bill dies.

• The Taste of Freedom• 6) How did the newly freed slaves begin to

rebuild their lives?• - Owning Land:• Black leaders urged the federal government to

redistribute southern land to freedmen they helped clear and farm for generations. Little political support.

• - Religion:• African Americans throughout the south formed their

own churches. Also started thousands of voluntary groups including mutual aid societies, debating clubs, drama societies, and trade associations.

• - Education:• Nearly 90% of black adults were illiterate, partly

because many southern states had banned educating slaves. White teachers, often young women, went south to start schools. Some freed people taught themselves and one another. Between 1865-1870, black educators founded 30 African American colleges.

•7) What was the Freedmen’s bureau – What did it do?•To help black southerners adjust to freedom. Bureau gave out clothing, medical supplies, and millions of meals to both black and white war refugees. 250,000 African American students received their first formal education in bureau schools.

• Black Codes and the 14th Amendment• 8) How were the Black Codes and the 14th Amendment related?• The black codes was the result of the south trying to impose “artificial enslavement”

• in the black population. Congress then takes over reconstruction and issues the

• Civil Right’s Act of 1866 and eventually turns it into a constitutional amendment.

• 9) What are Civil Rights?• Right’s to which every citizen is entitled. Citizens’ personal liberties guaranteed by law,

• such as voting rights, and equal treatment.

• 10) 4 Provisions of the Black Codes were:• 1. Curfews – Generally, black people could not

gather after sunset.

• 2. Vagrancy Laws – Freedmen convicted of vagrancy (not working) could be fined,

• whipped, • or sold for a year’s labor.

• 3. Labor Contracts – Freedmen had to sign agreements in January for a year of work.

• Those who quit in the middle of a contract often lost ALL of the wages they had earned.

• 4. Land Restrictions – Freed people could rent land or homes ONLY in rural areas.

• This restriction forced them to live on plantations.

• 11) Was President Johnson in favor of the Civil Rights Act?

Why or Why not? What was Congress’ reaction?• No, Johnson vetoed the Civil Rights Act. Although Johnson was a Republican, he did not get along with them. • He was an unelected former Democrat as well. Johnson had no real mandate to govern (mandate = voter approval). • Could not influence congress.

• Radical Reconstruction• 12) What is the difference between radical and

moderate Republicans during the Reconstruction era?• Radical Republicans – Small in number but increasingly

influential. • Held more extreme positions on issues. • Wanted African Americans to have Civil Rights and to

punish the South.• Moderate Republicans – Someone who supports the

mainstream views of the party, • not the more extreme positions. Less enthusiastic of

granting African Americans their Civil Rights.

• 13) How did Congress’ plan for Reconstruction differ from Johnson’s plan?• Congress’ plan for Reconstruction was more extreme

against the South than Johnson’s Plan, • which was more lenient.• Called for “Reform, not revenge.”

• 14) What were the 6 points of the Reconstruction Act of 1867?• 1. It put the south under military rule,

dividing into five districts, • each governed by a northern general.• 2. It ordered southern states to hold

new elections for delegates to create new state constitutions.

• 3. It required states to allow all qualified male voters, including African Americans,

• to vote in the elections.• 4. It temporarily barred those who had

supported the Confederacy from voting.• 5. It required southern states to

guarantee equal rights to all citizens.• 6. It required the states to ratify the

Fourteenth Amendment.

• 15) What does it mean to impeach? Why was Johnson impeached?• To be impeached is to be charged with

wrongdoing in office and to be taken out of office.

• Johnson was impeached because he tried to fire Secretary of War Edwin Stanton,

• who was a Lincoln appointee because, under the new Reconstruction Act, Stanton, a friend of

• the Radical Republicans, would preside over military rule of the south.

• The President must seek Senate approval to fill certain jobs and to fire officials as well.

• 16) Who was elected President after Johnson?• Ulysses S. Grant, the victorious Union Civil

War general.

• The Fifteenth Amendment• 17) What are the 4 major rights of citizenship?• To vote.• To hold public office.• To serve on juries.• To testify in court.• 18) What was the significance of the 15th

Amendment? How did it influence the composition of southern state legislatures?• 15th Amendment – No citizen may be denied the right to

vote “by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”• Gave African Americans the right to vote.

EXTRA CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES1. Missing Longhorn• Return my wooden longhorn

(Waxer / 1221) and receive TWENTY (20) Extra Credit Points !!!

2. Receive TEN (10) Extra Credit points if you bring in ONE (1) unopened box of Tissue Paper.• Only ONE (1) Per Quarter Per

Student.• Must be Unopened & Unused.

CLOSURE & EXIT SLIP•Sizzle & Fizzle• 1. Sizzle: One thing you liked.

• 2. Fizzle: One thing that didn’t work.

ASSESSMENT: CHAPTER 11 PERSONAL DICTIONARY

• Section 1 p. 380• 1. Civil War.• 2. First Battle of

Bull Run.• 3. War of

Attrition.• 4. Battle of

Shiloh.• 5. Battle of

Antietam.

• Section 2 p. 390• 6. Draft.• 7. Recognition.• 8. Greenback.• 9. Copperhead.• 10. Martial Law.• 11. Writ of Habeas

Corpus.• 12. Emancipation

Proclamation.

• Section 3 p. 402• 13. Battle of

Fredericksburg.• 14. Battle of

Chancellorsville.• 15. Battle of

Gettysburg.• 16. Pickett’s Charge.• 17. Gettysburg

Address.

• Section 4 p. 411• 18. Thirteenth

Amendment.