IRAQ

After WWI the ____________ took over the territory of the Ottoman Turks and established the country of ______

They made the ruler someone that was friendly to them but in the ______ he was overthrown by some military leaders.

British

Iraq

1950’s

5

Iraqi History

King Faisal I of Iraq chosen by the King of England.

Date Photographed: ca. 1930•1958 Baath Revolution

In 1979__________ __________ took control of the government. He was a very harsh ruler of the country who limited personal freedoms of the countries people, media, and even had many of his political enemies executed.

Saddam Hussein

Iran – Iraq WarIran – Iraq War• in 1980, the Iran-Iraq war broke out because the two

governments did not like each other, wanted each others oil supplies as well as water supplies.

• There were over 1.5 million casualties• the US had to send warships in the area to protect their oil

tankers from being attacked by one of the two sides• Although Iran was an enemy of the US, we secretly gave them

arms during the Reagan years, which later lead to a major investigation here in the US

• in 1988, the war ended with a tie

The Iran-Iraq WarThe Iran-Iraq War(1980-1988)(1980-1988)

The Iran-Iraq WarThe Iran-Iraq War(1980-1988)(1980-1988)

Q10

The Iran-Iraq War:The Iran-Iraq War:Taking SidesTaking Sides

The Iran-Iraq War:The Iran-Iraq War:Taking SidesTaking Sides

Secretary RumsfeldSecretary Rumsfeld& Saddam Hussein: & Saddam Hussein:

19831983

Secretary RumsfeldSecretary Rumsfeld& Saddam Hussein: & Saddam Hussein:

19831983

Iraqi Soldiers Iraqi Soldiers At the FrontAt the Front

Iraqi Soldiers Iraqi Soldiers At the FrontAt the Front

375,000 Iraqi casualties & 60,000 POWs!

Iranian SoldiersIranian SoldiersIranian SoldiersIranian Soldiers

Q11

Over 1,000,000 Iranian casualties!

Iranian WarIn ______Iraq invaded it’s neighbor Iran. The

countries fought a very long and dragged out war that lasted ______ years.

The results of the war were devastating to both countries ____________and millions of deaths on each side.

1980’s

Eight

economies

Persian Gulf War I• The Persian Gulf War was a war between Iraq and a

group of about thirty other nations.

• Iraq accused Kuwait of stealing oil by drilling under the border between the two countries.

• Iraq invaded Kuwait in August of 1990, under the direction of Iraqi President Saddam Hussein.

• The Iraqi army took control of Kuwait in a very short amount of time.

• The UN responded to the Iraqi invasion by demanding that Iraq withdraw its troops from Kuwait.

• The UN used the Iraqi economy to try to convince the country to withdraw.

• They did this by cutting off trade to the country.• What is this called? • Iraq did not withdraw.• Many citizens of Kuwait fled the country during the Iraqi

occupation.

EMBARGO

• The US and other countries began sending troops to Saudi Arabia over the next few months.

• The UN set a date for Iraq to leave Kuwait.• Iraq rejected this date and refused to back down.• The US and other nations attacked the Iraqi forces in

January of 1991. The Iraqi army was defeated in less than two months.

• Iraq was then directed to recognize Kuwait’s sovereignty and destroy all weapons of mass destruction (WMDs).

In 1990 Iraq invaded _______________. Because of the strategic oil reserves of this small country, the invasion alarmed countries throughout the world. Saddam boasted of his supply of WMD’s or _____________________ and he had even used them on the second largest ethnic group in the country the_____ that lived in the Northern part of the country and in his war with _______.

Kuwait

Weapons of Mass Destruction

Persian Gulf War

KurdsKurds

IRANIRAN

In 1991 Coalition Forces led by the United States began, ____________________ in order to force Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.

Operation Dessert Storm

Persian Gulf War

It took six weeks to get the Iraqis out but not before they started one of the largest environmental incidents in history.

Persian Gulf War

Kurds

Conclusions

• Estimated Iraqi losses– 100,000 Iraqi soldier

dead, 3847 tanks, 1450 armored personnel carriers, 2917 artillery pieces, and 32 aircraft.

– Estimated 86,000 POWs

• U.S. fatalities were 313, both combatant and noncombatant.

Iraq after thePersian Gulf War

•Saddam remained defiant in the years following the war. He allowed weapons inspectors into the country for a very short time before he started denying access.•His actions made it look as though he was still stockpiling WMD’s.

Iraq War II

• After the events of 911, officials in the US government feared connections between the Hussein regime and al-Qaeda.

• They were afraid that Iraq was continuing to build WMD’s such as chemical or biological weapons.

• The UN sent inspectors to Iraq to check for WMD’s but were either refused entry into the country, or access to facilities that could be used for making or storing them.

• In 2002, the US Congress passed an Iraq War resolution that authorized the president to go forward with a war in Iraq.

Operation Iraqi Freedom

• In March 2003, the US bombed targets in the Iraqi capital of Baghdad.

• The next day, British, Australian, and Polish soldiers joined the US in invading Iraq and defeating the Iraqi military.

• This effort was know as operation Iraqi Freedom.• Saddam Hussein was captured after many months and

his rule ended.• He was sentenced to death and died in 2006, after

being tried for killing 148 people.• Iraq under Hussein was previously involved in a long

war against Iran in which chemical weapons were used against Kurds and Iranians

• He was also responsible for the deaths of hundreds of thousands of Iraqis.

• Weapons of mass destruction have not been found in Iraq.

• It is difficult to determine how many Iraqis have died since the invasion, but many experts think it is over 500,000.

• Many deaths are due to sectarian violence or the disruption of adequate medical care.

• Over 4,000 American soldiers have been killed and over 20,000 have been wounded while fighting there.

• In March 2003, the US bombed targets in the Iraqi capital of Baghdad.

• The next day, British, Australian, and Polish soldiers joined the US in invading Iraq and defeating the Iraqi military.

• This effort was know as ?• Saddam Hussein was captured after many

months and his rule ended.• He was sentenced to death and died in

2006, after being tried for killing 148 people.

• Iraq under Hussein was previously involved in a long war against Iran in which chemical weapons were used against Kurds and Iranians

• He was also responsible for the deaths of hundreds of thousands of Iraqis.

Operation Iraqi

Freedom.

• Weapons of mass destruction have not been found in Iraq.

• It is difficult to determine how many Iraqis have died since the invasion, but many estimates think it is over 500,000.

• Many deaths are due to sectarian violence or the disruption of adequate medical care.

• Over 4,000 American soldiers have been killed and over 20,000 have been wounded while fighting there.

After the war Saddam remained in power and refused to agree with the conditions that were put in place to end the war. As a result of his refusal and the fear of a possible involvement with Al Qaida, the US again invaded Iraq in 2003 in order to end the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein and to remove the supply of WMD’s it was believed that they held. No WMD’s were found Saddam Husain was found guilty of murder and executed by the new Iraqi government. Over 4000 US Service Persons have died and estimates of over 500,000 Iraqis have died since the start of the war.

Operation Iraqi Freedom

Iraq has formed its own government with help from the U.S. The U.S. military remains to secure the country from both outsiders known as insurgents who come in to Iraq to commit acts of violence against US and Iraqi officials and civilians. They also help protect against violence between the Sunni and Shia within the country.

Operation Iraqi Freedom

Today six years after the start of OIF, the American Soldiers still face dangers everyday. The most common are IED’s or Improvised Explosive Devices. These invisible killing machines that are generally planted by insurgents have killed, wounded, or maimed more soldiers in the past two years than shoot out with the enemy.

Operation Iraqi Freedom

Operation Iraqi Freedom