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The Unification of Italy:
• Like Germany before Bismarck, “Italy” was divided into a number of independent states.
• France controlled the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
• Austria controlled northern Italy
(Lombardy and Venice)
• The Pope controlled the Papal States
• In the 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini founded a secret society called Young Italy, and led the push for Italian Unification:
• Mazzini believed that a unified country with common ideals could best contribute to the well being of all its citizens.
• After 1848, the Italian Nationalist Movement, or Risorgimento, was led by the small kingdom of Sardinia.
• King Victor Emanuel II of Sardinia hoped to create a unified Italy.
• His Prime Minister was Count Camillo Cavour, the brains behind Italian Unification
Goal:
Expel Austria
Add Lombardy
And Venetia to
Sardinia
• In 1855, Cavour decided to have Sardinia join Britain and France in the Crimean War against Russia.
• Three years later, Cavour provoked a war with Austria and cashed in on France’s pledge of support after Sardinia’s assistance in the Crimean War.
Meanwhile, in Southern Italy, nationalist Giuseppe Garibaldi recruited a force of 1,000 Red Shirted Volunteers and took over the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
• His forces won control of Sicily, crossed the mainland, and marched triumphantly north to Naples.
• Garibaldi promptly turned over Naples and Sicily to Victor Emanuel, and he (Emanuel) was crowned King of Italy.