Let’s Review Let’s Review Nationalism>>>Nationalism>>> Nationalism = feeling of belonging Nationalism = feeling of belonging

and loyalty to a nation.and loyalty to a nation.

Nationalism was a powerful force that Nationalism was a powerful force that could:could:

Create a nation from separate Create a nation from separate countriescountries

Break a country up into many Break a country up into many nations.nations.

Let’s Review Let’s Review Nationalism>>>Nationalism>>> Nationalism can be a cause of Nationalism can be a cause of war (ex. WWI and WWII)war (ex. WWI and WWII)

Nationalism can take many Nationalism can take many different forms.different forms.

The Italian States Unite, 1859-The Italian States Unite, 1859-18701870

Barriers to Italian Barriers to Italian NationalismNationalism

After Congress of Vienna, Italy was After Congress of Vienna, Italy was made up of 9 different states:made up of 9 different states:

Piedmont-Sardinia Piedmont-Sardinia (the largest)(the largest)

Venetia and Venetia and LombardyLombardyThe Papal StatesThe Papal States

Other states ruled by Other states ruled by foreign monarchsforeign monarchs

Barriers to Italian NationalismBarriers to Italian Nationalism Geography - mountains split Italy Geography - mountains split Italy

E/W; the Po river split N/SE/W; the Po river split N/S

Barriers to Italian Barriers to Italian NationalismNationalism IlliteracyIlliteracy The PopeThe Pope Lack of consensus (agreement) in Lack of consensus (agreement) in

ItalyItaly Lack of European supportLack of European support

Factors That Led to Italian Factors That Led to Italian UnificationUnification

GeographyGeography•Italy is isolatedItaly is isolated•Alps to the NorthAlps to the North•Surrounded by Surrounded by oceans.oceans.

•Isolation lets Isolation lets Italy develop its Italy develop its own culture.own culture.

Factors That Led to Italian Factors That Led to Italian UnificationUnification HistoryHistory

• Italians are proud of their heritageItalians are proud of their heritage• Napoleon’s conquest of Italian statesNapoleon’s conquest of Italian states

Efforts of 3 Men: Mazzini, Garibaldi, Efforts of 3 Men: Mazzini, Garibaldi, CavourCavour

Giuseppe Mazzini-“Prophet of Giuseppe Mazzini-“Prophet of Italian Unification”Italian Unification” A member of A member of

the the CarbonariCarbonari..

Formed Formed Young Young ItalyItaly

Tried Tried revolution but revolution but failedfailed..

Count Camillo di Cavour, Count Camillo di Cavour, “Architect of Italian Unification”“Architect of Italian Unification”

““Architect” Architect” (planner) of (planner) of Piedmont-Piedmont-Sardinia’s revolt Sardinia’s revolt against Austria.against Austria.

Encouraged other Encouraged other Italian states to Italian states to revolt.revolt.

Giuseppe Garibaldi, Giuseppe Garibaldi, “The Sword of Italian “The Sword of Italian Unification”Unification”

Invaded Sicily, Invaded Sicily, urged them to urged them to join Piedmont-join Piedmont-Sardinia under Sardinia under Victor Victor Emmanuel.Emmanuel.

““Red Shirts”Red Shirts” Gave all Gave all

conquered lands conquered lands to Victor to Victor Emmanuel.Emmanuel.

How Italy was UnitedHow Italy was United1861: Victor Emmanuel 1861: Victor Emmanuel II crowned King of ItalyII crowned King of Italy

1866: Austro-Prussian 1866: Austro-Prussian War- Venetia addedWar- Venetia added

1870-71: Franco-1870-71: Franco-Prussian War- Rome Prussian War- Rome addedadded

Problems Faced by a United Problems Faced by a United ItalyItaly North v. SouthNorth v. South

Italy v. Roman Catholic Italy v. Roman Catholic

ChurchChurch Unhappy with Gov’t Unhappy with Gov’t

StructureStructure No universal suffrageNo universal suffrage

Italy lacked industrialItaly lacked industrial development, development, agriculture, agriculture, and natural resources. and natural resources.

Flash Forward….to WWII and Fascism

How Did Nationalism: Unite people into nation-states?

Topple empires composed of many ethnic minorities?

Contribute to the outbreak of wars in the 1800s?

Balkans: Region in SE Europe. Had Croats, Albanians, Serbs, Greeks, and Bulgarians. The “Powder Keg” of Europe

Austria: Central Europe Empire . Ruled by Hapsburgs. Torn apart by Nationalism.

Prussia: Became Germany we know today. Bismarck was prime minister.

Franco-Prussian War: War between France and Prussia. Prussia (Germany) won. Helped unify Germany.