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Page 1: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2
Page 2: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World

Chemical and Engineering News Vol. 83, Issue 25 (6/20/2005)

Chemical & Engineering News looks

at 46 drugs that have had a major

impact on human health and society

Page 3: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

ALPHABETICAL INDEX

•Allegra•Aspirin•AZT•Botox•Cisplatin •Crixivan•Cyclosporine •Digoxin •Erythropoietin •Ether •Fentanyl•Fluoride •Fosamax •Hydrocortisone •Insulin

•Isonizid

•Ivermectin•Librium•Lovastatin •Medical marijuana •6-Mercaptopurine •Methadone •Morphine•Oral contraceptives•Oxytocin •Penicillin•Phenobarbital •Premarin•Prontosil

•Prozac

•Quinine •Ritalin•Rituxan •RU-486 •Salbutamol •Salvarsan •Tagamet •Taxol•Thalidomide•Thorazine•Thyroxine •Vaccines •Viagra•Vioxx•Vitamins

~80% é de origem sintética!!!

Félix Hoffmann (1898)

Page 4: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

Alexander Fleming: "Não inventei a penicilina, a natureza é que a fez.

Eu só a descobri por acaso".

1945: Fleming, Florey e Chain dividiram Nobel de Medicina pela descoberta e

desenvolvimento da penicilina

PENICILINA82 ANOS!

Hospital St. Mary, Londres: O médico escocês Alexander Fleming em setembro de 1928, ao voltar de férias, encontrou em uma

placa de Petri um fungo (Penicillium notatum) que

exterminava bactérias patogênicas (Staphylococcus aureus).

Salvou milhões de vidas durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial!

Uso descontrolado abriu caminho para propagação de bactérias e de vírus.

Superbactérias, que causam infecção hospitalar ou tuberculose.

Placa de Petri

Page 5: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

Chemical and Engineering News

C&EN, May 5, 2008 Vol. 86, N.18, p. 12

Junho 2007 a Junho 2008

Nove dos Top-10 possuem ingredientes ativos quiraisSerentide = Fluticasone (anti-inflamatório) e

Salmeterol racêmico (broncodilatador)Zyprexa = Olanzapine (aquiral)

Page 6: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

75% do total de fármacos é de origem sintética

Chem. & Eng. News, June 14, 2004, Volume 82, Number 24, pp. 47-62

55%35%

10%

Obtenção de substâncias quirais na indústria

Chiral pool e Resolução de racematos

Métodos assimétricos químicos

Métodos assimétricos biológicos

Page 7: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

October 13, 2003Volume 81, Number 41

C&EN 81 (41) pp. 77-78, 82-83, 86, 88-91

ReconsiderandoProdutos Naturais?

“Drug discovery and

synthetic chemistry

efforts are shifting

back to natural

products research”

Page 8: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

N = natural productsND = natural product derivativesS*= synthetic with NP pharmacophoreS/NM and S*/NM = synthetic from natural

products

52% PN per se/derivados de PN, sintéticos baseados em PN

“B” Biological; usually a large (>45 residues) peptide or protein

either isolated from an organism/cell line or produced by biotechnological

means in a surrogate host.

“N” Natural product.

“ND” Derived from a natural product and is usually a semisynthetic

modification.

“S” Totally synthetic drug, often found by random screening/

modification of an existing agent.

“S*” Made by total synthesis, but the pharmacophore is/was from

a natural product.

“V” Vaccine.

Page 9: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

ATORVASTATIN (LIPITOR)Redução dos níveis de colesterol plasmático

Lançado em 1991 - PFIZER & PARKE DAVIS

Emprego de modelagem molecular no desenho de nova classe de inibidores de HMG Co-A, com sistema 1,2-difenilpirrol.

Planejamento: sistema decalínico da Lovastatina: farmacóforo hidrofóbico, origina o sistema 1,2-difenilpirrol.

Page 10: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2
Page 11: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

Biossíntese do colesterol ~30 etapas. Interrompido pela inibição da enzima

hidroximetilglutaril Co-A redutase(HMGCo-A-AR), limitante

da biossíntese

Page 12: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

TAXOL• Isolado das cascas de Taxus brevifolia (1962)

100 mg de 1 Kg de casca seca (1 Kg = 3000 árvores)

•1992 FDA aprovado para câncer de ovário [lançado no mercado (~30 anos)]

•1994 FDA aprovado para câncer de mama•1994 Sínteses Totais (Holton e Nicolaou)•Viabilidade de futuro emprego questionada pela complexidade estrutural/escassez de fontes naturais• Síntese parcial – 10-desacetil-bacatina III, natural

Page 13: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

TAXOTERE (docetaxel)

Duas vezes mais ativo que o taxol

Page 14: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

Úlcera duodenal/gástrica

Nexium

Melhor perfil terapêutico cura refluxo esofágico em

78% dos pacientes (4 semanas) e em 93% (oito

semanas ) – 65% e 97% (fármaco racêmico)

Mudança quiral (chiral switch)Estratégia da indústria farmacêutica para lidar

com a questão da quiralidade em fármacos. Relançamento de fármacos licenciados e comercializados

como racematos, em sua forma enantiomericamente pura.

Page 15: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

1970: a síntese da cefalexina (DSM) combinava 1 etapa de fermentação (etapa 3) com 7 etapas de síntese orgânica

Sequência multi-etapas que requer grande quantidade de energia!

Solução: Integração de etapa química, conversão enzimática e fermentaçãoMétodo eficiente, econômico e ambientalmente amigável

Redução no uso de solventes;

Redução do consumo de energia;

Redução de resíduos.

Etapa 1: síntese orgânica Etapa 2: fermentaçãoEtapas 3 e 4: enzimáticas

Page 16: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

RESEARCH INTERESTS

Page 17: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

RESEARCH INTERESTS

Page 18: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

methylphenidate

Page 19: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2
Page 20: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

Synthesis of aspartyl protease inhibitors

Page 21: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 2225 JOC Most-Accessed Articles

April-June, 2005Pure Appl. Chem. 2007, 79, 163

Total synthesis of (+)-crocacin D

Page 22: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

Síntese Total da (-)-Calistatina A

Dias, L.; Meira, P.R.R(J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 4762)

JOC Most-Accessed Articles: April-June, 2005

19 etapas (3,5% rend.)rota linear mais longa

Potenteantitumoral

-Isolada em 1997 da esponja marinha Callyspongia truncata

-1 Kg de esponja – 1 mg

(-)-Calistatina A

Page 23: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

Total synthesis of pteridic acids A and B

Produced by the phytoepiphytic actinomycete Streptomyces hygroscopicus TP-A0451 .

Possesses potent plant-growth-promoting activity comparable to that of indole-3-acetic acid.

Page 24: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

Total synthesis of pteridic acids A and B

O

O

Me

Me

Me

OH

Me

HO

Me

TEMPO, BAIB

CH2Cl2

rt

O

O

Me

Me

Me

OH

Me

H

Me

O

(EtO)2P(O)CH2(CH)2CO2Et

LiHMDS

THF

78 oC

60% (2 steps)

O

O

Me

Me

Me

OH

MeMe

O

EtO

KOH (aq), EtOH

rt, 70%

O

O

Me

Me

Me

OH

MeMe

O

HO

pteridic acid A

Page 25: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

CANCER

Page 26: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

MIGRASTATINIsolados de cascas de árvores,

microrganismos de solo, esponjas marinhas

Diversidade química e biológicaAmbientes geográficos distintos

Page 27: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

-TUBULINA

Important target for the development of new

anticancer compounds

Page 28: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

-TUBULINA

Epothilone A

Taxol

Discodermolide Dictiostatin

Atuam no mesmo alvo biológico,mesma cavidade de interação

Page 29: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

Dictyostatin: synthesis of the C11-C23 fragment

First isolated in 1994 by Pettit from the marine sponge Spongia sp. Inhibits the growth of human cancer cells with a GI50 ranging from 50 pM to 1 nM.

Also active against taxol resistant tumors.

Page 30: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

SYNTHESIS OF THE MACROLACTONE OF MIGRASTATIN

Extraordinary inhibitory effect on tumor cancer cell migration, important for the

treatment of tumoral metastasis

More potent than the natural product!

Migrastatin

Isolated from Streptomyces platensis bacteriaMigrastatin and analogues have shown to be useful in

treating cancer, as they inhibit the metastasis of cancer cells

Page 31: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

L Chen et al. Nature 464, 1062-1066 (2010) “Migrastatin analogues target fascin to block tumour metastasis”

X-ray crystal structures of fascinand of the complex of fascin

and macroketone

actin cytoskeletal proteins such as fascincan be explored as new molecular targets for cancer treatment, in a similar manner

to the microtubule protein tubulin

Page 32: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

Synthesis of the macrolactone of migrastatin and analogswith potent cell migration inhibitory activity

OMe

OTBS

Me

Me

OH 2,6-heptadienoic acid (20)

DCC, DMAP

CH2Cl2, 74%

Grubbs-II catalyst

(20 mol%)

toluene, reflux

15 min, 43%

O

O

Me

Me

OTBS

OMe

O

O

Me

Me

OTBS

OMe

HF

CH3CN/CH2Cl2

24 h, r.t., 44%

O

O

Me

Me

OH

OMe

2macrolactoneof migrastatin

CO2H

Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6748-6759.

Page 33: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

Synthesis of the macrolactone of migrastatin and analogswith potent cell migration inhibitory activity

CO2H

X

OMe

OTBS

Me

Me

OH2,6-heptadienoic acid (20)

DCC, DMAP

CH2Cl2, 98%

Grubbs-II catalyst

(20 mol%)

toluene, reflux

O

O

Me

Me

OTBS

OMe

O

O

Me

Me

OTBS

OMe

1

NOT observed

HF, CH3CN/CH2Cl272 h, r.t., 70%

O

O

Me

Me

OH

OMe

C-8 epimer

Page 34: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

Synthesis of the macrolactone of migrastatin and analogswith potent cell migration inhibitory activity

OMe

OTBS

Me

Me

OH

DCC, DMAP

CH2Cl2, 92%

Grubbs-II catalyst

(20 mol%)

toluene, reflux

30 min, 80%

O

O

Me

Me

OTBS

OMe

O

O

Me

Me

OTBS

OMe

HF

CH3CN/CH2Cl2

24 h, r.t.

55%

O

O

Me

Me

OH

OMe

OH

O

C8-epimer ofmacrolactone 3

HF

CH3CN/CH2Cl2

24 h, r.t.

73%

O

O

Me

Me

OH

OMe

O

O

Me

Me

OTBS

OMe

lacking thedouble bond

Page 35: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

35

Biological tests: research group of Prof. Adriano Andricopulo

Wound Healing (in vitro cycatrization)

Time: 0 h Time: 22 h

Blank test

Test with active compounds

Cell migration tests:

from 13 selected compounds6 showed IC50 between 14 nM and 275 nM.

Macrolactone of migrastatin: 34 nM

Semi-quantitative avaliation method, useful to find appropriate concentrations to determine IC50 values using the tumor cell migration test

Neubauer’s camera

Time: 0 h Time: 22 h

Evodiamine

IC50 = 280 nM

NH

N

N

O

Me

H

Page 36: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

Biological tests

Wound-healing assay results for MDA-MB-231

human breast tumor cells.

The figure shows a comparison between the

effects of compounds 2 and 34 on the inhibition

of tumor cell migration, and those of

evodiamine (used as standard in this study)

and a control (no inhibitor).

O

O

Me

Me

OH

OMe

2macrolactoneof migrastatin

O

O

Me

Me

OH

OMe34

C8-epimer ofmacrolactone 3

Page 37: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

O

O

Me

Me

OH

OMe

34

C8-epimer ofmacrolactone 3

O

O

Me

Me

OH

OMe

O

O

Me

Me

OH

OMe

O

O

Me

Me

OH

OMe

2macrolactoneof migrastatin

EvodiamineIC50 = 34 nM IC50 = 14 nM

IC50 = 22 nM IC50 = 53 nM

IC50 = 280 nM

NH

N

N

O

Me

H

Chamber Cell-Migration and Cell-Invasion Assays with MDA-MB 213 Human Breast Tumor Cells

Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6748-6759.

Page 38: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

Cristais da fascina

Page 39: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

FAMÍLIA DAS ANONÁCEAS

Distribuidas em regiões tropicas e sub-tropicais

Extensivamente investigadas nas últimas décadas (constituintes

antifúngicos e citotóxicos)

Mais de 2000 espécies conhecidas

Fruta do Conde(Annona coriacea)

Graviola(Annona muricata L.)

Page 40: The Top Pharmaceuticals That Changed The World · N = natural products ND = natural product ... reflux 30 min, 80% O O Me Me OTBS O Me O O Me Me O TBS OMe HF C H 3 C N/C H 2 C l 2

Goniotrionina

Goniothalamus giganteus(Família das Anonáceas)

10,5 kg da casca do caule (1,5 mg)

6 CENTROS ESTEREOGÊNICOS

1 DUPLA ALÍLICA (Z )

ANEL THF TRANS

g-LACTONA

Alali, F. Q.; Rogers, L.; Zhang, Y; McLaughlin, J. L. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 5833.

Linhagem de células cancerosas Humanas

IC50 dados em nM

pâncreas mama Pulmão cólon próstata

1 9,3 9,1.10-3 13,3 587 621

5 16 120 7,8 39 360

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DOENÇAS NEGLIGENCIADAS

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Medicinal Chemistry Centre for

Chagas Disease in Brazil

World Health OrganizationNew Medicinal Chemistry Centers to Join Drug Discovery Networks

T24/181/136 ID No. A80141

The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases

TDR/UNICEF/UNDP/WB/WHO

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Special Programme for Research & Training in Tropical Diseases

Lead Discovery for Drugs for Infectious Tropical Diseases

• Chagas’ Disease (NOT until 2008)

• African Trypanosomiasis

• Leishmaniosis

• Malaria

• Schistossomiasis

• Tuberculosis

• Oncocercosis

• Lymphatic Filariasis

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● An estimated one billion people - one sixth of the world's population

are infected with one or more neglected tropical diseases (NTD)

● Children are the most vulnerable to NTD

● Less than 0,01% of the > US$ 70 bi are located to NTD

NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES

Renslo R, McKerrow JH (2006). Nature Chemical Biology 2(12): 701-709Molyneux et al., (2005). Plos Medicine 2(11): 1064-1070

Only 21 of the 1,556 new therapeutic drugs developed in the last 30 years can be used to treat or prevent neglected tropical diseases

New drugs developedbetween 1975 and 2004

TropicalDiseases

Tuberculosis

Other Drugs

Of the US$2.5 billion invested in research and development into neglected diseases over

the past decade, just 0.5% or about US$10 million went to Chagas disease

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Chagas Disease

102 years in 2011

Chagas disease was discovered by Carlos Chagas in Brazil in 1909.

Chagas disease is a condition caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which enters the body through broken skin and mucous membranes, and

causes acute but often mild symptoms such as fever, swelling of lymph nodes and tissues, conjunctivitis and skin lesions.

Brazil — population 186.4 million3 million infected individuals

Benznidazole and nifurtimox were introduced >40 years ago, but have failed to control the disease as both have limited efficacy for treating the chronic phase of infection (which is the most common

presentation), require long periods (60 days for benznidazole and up to 90 days for nifurtimox), and have potential side effects including skin

rashes, nausea, and kidney and liver failure.

Carlos Chagas

Chagas, C. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 1, 159–218 (1909)

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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 3, 1-13, 2009 Nat. Chem. Biol. 2, 701-709, 2006; PLoS Med. 2, 1064-1070, 2005

More research and much moreinvestments are necessary

Hints sent by WHO

NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES

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PROF. GLAUCIUS OLIVAUniversity of Sao Paulo

STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND STRATEGIC PLANNING

PROF. LUIZ C. DIASUNICAMP

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS

PROF. ADRIANO D. ANDRICOPULOUniversity of Sao Paulo

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRYAND DRUG DESIGN

TEAM MEMBERS

PROF. OTAVIO H. THIEMANNUniversity of Sao Paulo

MOLECULAR BIOLOGYAND PARASITOLOGY

Dr. MARCO AURÉLIO DESSOY, UNICAMP - ORGANIC SYNTHESISDr. RENATA KROGH, University of Sao Paulo - IN VITRO ASSAYSDr. RAFAEL V.C. GUIDO, University of Sao Paulo – DRUG DESIGNDr. FERNANDA F. ANIBAL, UFSCar – IN VIVO ASSAYSDr. ANA ISABELA ALVES, University of Sao Paulo – IN VIVO ASSAYS

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS

ASSOCIATE RESEARCHERSTarget molecules provided by WHO in vitro and in vivo tests

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+

ESTRATÉGIAS DE PLANEJAMENTO

SÍNTESEAVALIAÇÃO

2

4

6

N

CN

S R3

R2

R1

NH

CN

R1

R2 S

tiopiridinona

N

CN

R1

R2 SH

TDR26631

IC50 = 2.9 M (in vitro)

N

CN

S

H

OMe

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R2 O

R1

chalconeR2 O

O

R1

+

NaOHEtOHH2O

10 h, rt

ESTRATÉGIAS DE PLANEJAMENTO

R1 O

R1

CN

CN

R1 O

R1

CN

NH2

S

NH

CN

SR2

R1

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Me

O

NH

O

Me

OH

OH

OMe

Me

O

NH

O

NMe

Me

OH

OH

ESTRATÉGIAS DE PLANEJAMENTO

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NH

CN

S

OMe

TDR86983IC50 = 9 µM

N

CN

S

OMe

CH3

O

TDR86968IC50 = 34 µM

N

CN

S

OMe

CN

TDR86969IC50 = 18 µM

TDR86974IC50 = 7 µM

N

CN

SOH

TDR86977IC50 = 14 µM

N

CN

SCN

TDR86980IC50 = 22 µM

N

CN

S

OMe

TDR87978IC50 = 17 µM

N

CN

S

NO2

TDR87977IC50 = 15 µM

N

CN

S

F

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National Institute of Science and Technologyof Drugs and Medicines – INCT/INOFAR

www.inct-inofar.ccs.ufrj.br

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N

F

Me

MeNHO

OH OH

O

O

2 Ca2+

atorvastatin calcium

Lipitor: treatment of high cholesterolThe world’s biggest-selling drug

Pfizer patent expired 12/2010

Total synthesis concludedNew synthetic strategy

1 g scalePatent: INOVA

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Genérico eleva deficit comercial da saúde

O programa de medicamentos genéricos, criado em 1999, ampliou o acesso da população a medicamentos, mas produziu efeitos colaterais na economia.

Apesar de o governo ter adotado políticas de incentivo ao setor industrial para estimular a produção farmacêutica nacional e ameaçado quebrar patentes, o déficit comercial da área de saúde com medicamentos e equipamentos triplicou nos últimos anos, atingindo US$ 10 bilhões (US$ 8 bilhões em medicamentos).

Sem um programa de investimento em pesquisa e inovação para desenvolver a indústria farmacêutica, o Brasil se tornou dependente de insumos importados.

O País continua dependente da importação de medicamentos.

Temos políticas específicas, como parcerias público-privadas, contratos e ainda aprovamos uma lei que permite usar licitação pública para estimular a produção nacional.

A ideia é de que, mesmo que o produto nacional seja 25% mais caro que o estrangeiro, ele tenha certos benefícios na concorrência.

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VENDAS

A venda de genéricos cresce 30% ao ano, ritmo mais acelerado do que o da venda de medicamentos de referência.

Até 2014, 280 patentes vão vencer, estimulando o mercado de genéricos.

Porém, mais de 90% dos princípios ativos usados no país vêm de fora, principalmente da Índia.

O desafio do setor hoje é aliar a política de acesso a uma política de desenvolvimento tecnológico.

O Brasil possui 98 fabricantes de genéricos. A maioria funciona como "montadora". Importa produtos prontos ou semiprontos e embala no Brasil.

Hoje importamos commodities. Sem o genérico, estaríamos importando mais medicamentos acabados.

A falta de um programa para estimular a produção de princípios ativos, como fez a Índia, é o grande "defeito" da lei dos genéricos.

O Brasil não desenvolveu uma indústria farmoquímica.

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Parceria Público/Privada importante para:

i) fortalecimento dos laboratórios públicos e ampliação de seu papel de regulação de mercado;

ii) estímulo à produção local de produtos de alto custo e/ou de grande impacto sanitário e social;

iii) fomentar o desenvolvimento da capacidade produtiva da indústriafarmoquímica nacional.

Utilização do poder de compra do Ministério da Saúde para ampliar a capacidade de produção no Brasil de produtos que atualmente são importados, promovendo a criação de empregos e o desenvolvimento tecnológico da indústria Nacional

Forma de o governo federal incentivar a indústria nacional de fármacos e medicamentos, reduzir a dependência do exterior e tornar o produto mais acessível, atingindo o seu principal objetivo, que é o aumento do acesso da população brasileira.

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Patent Expiring in 2011 Condition Company 2010 U.S. Sales

Lipitor cholesterol Pfizer $5,329,000,000

Zyprexa antipsychotic Eli Lily $2,496,000,000

Levaquin antibiotics Johnson & Johnson $1,312,000,000

Concerta ADHD/ADD Johnson & Johnson $929,000,000

Protonix antacid Pfizer $690,000,000

Patent Expiring in 2012 Condition Company 2010 U.S. Sales

Plavix anti-plateletBristol-Myers Squibb /

Sanofi-Aventis$6,154,000,000

Seroquel antipsychotic AstraZeneca $3,747,000,000

Singulair asthma Merck $3,224,000,000

Actos type 2 diabetes Takeda $3,351,000,000

Enbrel arthritis Amgen $3,304,000,000

See full article from DailyFinance: http://srph.it/eNsmU9

The 10 Biggest-Selling Drugs that are about to lose their patent

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Agradecimentos

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(+)-Discodermolide: promising candidate for clinical development as a drug for colon, ovarian, and breast cancers. Synergy with Taxol.

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SCALED-UP SYNTHESIS OF DISCODERMOLIDE

Multigram quantities (60 g) of anticancer marine natural product synthesized by Novartis Team

Chem. & Eng. News, March 1, 2004, Vol. 82, Number 09, pp. 33-35

The synthetic route employed by Novartis was a hybrid of two literature approaches:

Amos B. Smith III J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 8654Ian Paterson Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2000, 39, 377

Seria preciso "3750 kg da esponja: 60 g de (+)-discodermolideo

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