The space travel of the pharaoh

8/14/2019 The space travel of the pharaoh

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-space-travel-of-the-pharaoh 1/97



ii

Copyright c 2009 by Ajmal Beg. All rights reserved.

This book is the second edition of book BUILDING PYRAMIDS USINGPRIMITIVE TECHNOLOGY

Author and/or publisher shall not be liable for any kind of direct and/orindirect loss as a result of using information in this book.

ISBN: 978-0-9864740-0-2



iii

Dedicated to my family



iv



Contents

1 Introduction 1

2 Only feasible way to overcome gravity 3

2.1 Gravity increases energy of falling photons . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.2 Gravity increases the energy of passing by photons . . . . . . 6

2.3 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.4 Graviton as a functional block of photon . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.5 Clouds of gravitons acting as refueling station . . . . . . . . . 17

2.6 Gravity and glow from early universe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2.7 Energy needs of cosmological bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

2.7.1 Energy needs of sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

2.7.2 Energy needs of moon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2.8 Energy needs of atom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

2.9 Flow of gravity in the universe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

2.10 Gravity and characteristics of orbits/spin . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

2.11 Gravity and Pauli’s Exclusion Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

2.12 Experiments to confirm gravity and light link . . . . . . . . . 43

2.13 Confirming the flow of gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

2.14 Overcoming the gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

3 Existence of technology to overcome gravity 473.1 The source of energy available to the rulers of the Ancient Egypt 47

3.2 Baking bricks on height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

3.3 Assembling bricks at a height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

3.4 Using water to lift heavy bricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

3.5 Using animals to move heavy bricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

3.6 Using hot air balloons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

3.7 Using wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

3.8 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

v



vi CONTENTS

4 Leadership for scientific development 77

4.1 Physical health of the rulers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774.2 Openness to fresh ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784.3 Purpose of the scientific development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804.4 Scientific methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

5 Possibility of alien visits to the earth 835.1 Technology to leave the planet on which aliens lived . . . . . . 835.2 Technology to enter the atmosphere of the earth . . . . . . . . 845.3 Illustrations resembling modern flying vehicles . . . . . . . . . 85

5.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

6 Roles and features of aliens 876.1 Aliens living on the earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876.2 Encounter between common people and the aliens . . . . . . . 886.3 Mummification as a space travel preparation . . . . . . . . . . 896.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

7 Summary 91



Chapter 1

Introduction

Some people believe that the civilization of the Ancient Egypt was veryadvance in technology. Ability to overcome gravity is thought to be thecore technology behind such advancement in technology. It is thought thatscientists of the Ancient Egypt not only developed technology to overcomegravity but also successfully used this technology for different purposes, suchas:

• The technology to overcome gravity made possible for the rulers of theAncient Egypt to visit other planets/stars. The space travel allowed

rulers of Ancient Egypt build diplomatic relationships with aliens livingin other planets/stars. It is also thought that rulers of Ancient Egypthad technology to build airplanes.

• This technology helped rulers of the Ancient Egypt travel to other stars just by passing through a gate known as the Stargate. The technologyof space travel was so superior that rulers of Ancient Egypt could arrivein the other stars in the matter of a few seconds (the time required topass through a door). In other words, rulers of Ancient Egypt couldtravel faster than the speed of light.

The huge building structures like pyramids are used as an evidence of exis-tence of technology to overcome gravity.This book investigates different aspects of space travel in the era of the

Ancient Egypt and is divided into different chapters.

Chapter 1: Introduction This chapter describes the purpose of this bookand introduces contents of each chapter of the book.

Chapter 2: Only feasible way to overcome gravity This chapter dis-cusses what gravity is and how it can be overcome.

1



2 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

Chapter 3: Existence of technology to overcome gravity This chap-

ter discusses the existence of technology to overcome gravity in the eraof the Ancient Egypt.

Chapter 4: Leadership for scientific development This chapter discussesthe capability of the rulers of the Ancient Egypt to provide leadershipfor scientific development.

Chapter 5: Possibility of aliens visit to the earth This chapter discussesthe possibility of aliens visits to the earth.

Chapter 6: Roles and features of aliens This chapter discusses the roleand features of alien in the era of the Ancient Egypt.

Chapter 7: Summary This chapter gives the summary of this book.



Chapter 2

Only feasible way to overcome

gravity

This chapter discusses the real nature of gravity and the only possible wayto overcome it.

2.1 Gravity increases energy of falling pho-

tons

Light is thought to be a collection of particles called photons. Gravity isalso thought to be a collection of particles known as gravitons. No one hasever been able to directly detect gravitons. However, the effect of gravityon photons can be confirmed by conducting a falling photon experiment.Figure 2.1 shows the details of a falling photon experiment. At height H , aphoton emitting source is positioned. The frequency of the falling photons ismeasured using light frequency detector at the surface of the earth. Increasein the frequency of the photons at the surface of the earth can confirm thatgravity increases the energy of photons.

The law of conservation of energy leads to the relationship below. KE

represents Kinetic Energy and P E stands for Potential Energy.

KE 0 + P E 0 = KE 1 + P E 1 (2.1)

Assuming that potential energy at the surface of the earth is represented bymgH , where photon mass is m = hf/c2 and H is the distance of the sourceof light from the surface of the earth, Equation 2.1 can be rewritten as:

hf 0 +

hf 0c2

gH = hf 1 + 0 (2.2)

3



4 CHAPTER 2. ONLY FEASIBLE WAY TO OVERCOME GRAVITY

It leads to Equation 2.3, which indicates that the frequency of light will

increase when gravitational force acts on it.

f 1 = f 0

1 +

gH

c2

(2.3)

To confirm the above relationship, a falling photon experiment was conductedand it was confirmed that a falling photon increases its frequency underthe influence of gravity. The results of the falling photon experiment werepublished by Pound and Rebka in Physics Review Letters (4:337, 1960).



2.1. GRAVITY INCREASES ENERGY OF FALLING PHOTONS 5

Figure 2.1: Pound Rebka falling photon experiment




2.2 Gravity increases the energy of passing

by photons

It is known that the light bends under the effect of gravity when it passesnear large cosmological bodies such as sun and other stars. Figure 2.2 showslight bending phenomena when light from other stars passes by the sun. Thebending of light results in showing stars at a different location than theyactually are.

Figure 2.2: Star light bending under influence of sun’s gravity



2.2. GRAVITY INCREASES THE ENERGY OF PASSING BY PHOTONS 7

For simplification purpose, let’s assume that there exists a uniform energy

field from the surface of sun to the height R as shown in Figure 2.3. Any pho-ton that passes through this energy field, increases its energy. Let’s considertwo photons which pass through this uniform energy field. One photon doesnot bend and the other photon bends. The photon which bends, remains inthe uniform energy field for longer period of time compared to the photonwhich does not bend. The act of bending results in increased input from theuniform energy field to the photon compared to the instance when photonpassing by the sun without bending.

Figure 2.3: Photon increases its energy by bending path




2.3 Methodology

Objects around us are collection of particles, which show specific behaviors.We can improve our understanding of mechanisms governing the behavior of objects around us, if we understand how particles forming the objects interactwith one other. As interaction between smaller particles cannot be observeddirectly, there is need for finding an indirect way to determine how smallerparticles interact. This book uses methodology as illustrated in Fig. 2.4to help understand interactions among smaller particles. This methodologyassumes that:

• All kinds of particles are formed from the same basic material.

• All kinds of particles were formed through somewhat similar processand thus have somewhat similar functioning mechanism.

• Large size particles are created through repetition of the same basicprocess which created small particles.

• As we are unable to directly observe the interactions among smallerparticles, we study the interaction among large particles for the purposeof improving understanding of the interaction among smaller particles.

2.4 Graviton as a functional block of photon

Einstein proposed relationship between mass of an object and the total energyit can contain as:

E = mc2 (2.4)

whereE : Energy contained in the objectm: Mass of the object at restc: Speed of light

Let’s discuss Equation 2.4 in details.

• E is also believed to be the quantity of energy in which mass canconvert into. However, there is no experimental proof that any objectwith non-zero mass ever completely converted into energy (photons).

• Particles behave like as they have gained mass when they are movedat high speed in particle accelerators. This observation is used as anexperimental evidence that energy can convert into mass. However, noone has ever been successful in creating a completely new mass by only



2.4. GRAVITON AS A FUNCTIONAL BLOCK OF PHOTON 9

Figure 2.4: Methodology




increasing the concentration of photons in an empty three dimensional

space.

Based on above arguments, this book assumes that:

• Mass is merely a container of photons.

• Conversion of mass into energy is a process which releases photonswhich are contained in this container. Similarly, increase in the mass of object is the process which results in increase in the number of photonscontained in this container.

• Photons contained in an atoms are released when the atom is cracked.There is no conversion of particles which form an atom (such as protonsand neutrons) into photons when an atom is cracked. In other words,an atom does not contain a factory to convert particles such as, electronand photons into photons.

Mass can be represented mathematically as:

Mass =ni=1

Photoni + C Photon (2.5)

whereC Photon: Container for photonsPhotoni: i-th photon contained in container C Photonn: Total number of photons contained in container C Photon

To understand the relationship between photons and gravitons, let’s con-sider an example of a container with dark green liquid. This container hasone inlet for white color liquid and one outlet for liquid to come out. Thiscontainer with dark green liquid has limited capacity. Liquid flows out fromthe outlet when the container is full while there is a supply of liquid through

the inlet. Figure 2.5 illustrates such container at three different instances t1,t2 and t3, where t1 < t2 < t3.

• Before instance t1, the container is full of dark green liquid. At instancet1, white liquid start flowing inside the container. At this moment thecolor of the liquid that flows out of this container is dark green.

• At instance t2, the color of the liquid that flows out of the containeris light green as white liquid flowing inside the container and the darkgreen liquid that was originally there, has mixed.




• At instance t3 , the liquid that flows out is white as the concentration

of the dark green liquid that was originally in the container is almostzero. At this moment, container flushes out what flows in it. Figure2.6 illustrates how the color of the flowing out liquid changes with thepassage of time.

• Let’s assume that photon is also a container with an inlet and outlet.Photon travels in the universe. Universe is a collection of cosmologicalbodies and dark matter. Cosmological bodies and dark matter bothtransfer gravitons to the photon. Thus, there is a continuous supply of gravitons to a photon. All gravitons that enter a photon need to flowout of this photon. Photons merely acts like a channel for gravitons.

Let’s assume photon as a black box with input and output as shown in Figure2.7. Photon receives gravitons and emits energy in the form of magnetic andelectric field. Here, let’s assume that emitted energy from the photon is alsoin the form of field particles.

From our daily observation, we know that a specific quantity of mass haslimited capacity to store energy. Based on methodology of this book, we as-sume that photon also has a limited storage to accommodate field particles(gravitons) it receives. Under this assumption, photon needs to emit field par-ticles (gravitons) it captures, as photon has limited storage capacity. In other

words, photon is merely a channel for field particles (gravitons). The exactnature of impact of passing through photons is not known. The field particles(gravitons) may pass through photon while maintaining their characteristicsor photon may be also working as a filter which changes characteristics of gravitons when they pass through it. Under the above observations, it canbe claimed that electric and magnetic fields is a form of gravity. If gravitonscan pass through the photons, it can be claimed that electromagnetic fieldand gravity are actually the same kind of force.

Electric/Magnetic field =n

i=1

Gravitoni (2.6)




Figure 2.5: Container as a channel for fluid




Figure 2.6: Change in the color of flowing out liquid




Figure 2.7: Photon as a black box




Photon acts like a temporary container of gravitons, in the same manner

as photons use mass as a temporary container.

Photon =ni=1

Gravitoni + C Graviton (2.7)

whereC Graviton: Container of gravitonsGravitoni: i-th graviton contained in container C Gravitonn: Total number of gravitons contained in container C GravitonPhoton’s frequency is the indicator of the energy it contains. Photon withhigh frequency has more energy compared to a photon with low frequency.Gravitons have not been detected yet so it is not known what indicates theenergy level of gravitons. For simplification purpose, this book assumes thateach graviton has a fixed amount of energy. It means high frequency photonhas large number of gravitons compared to that of a low frequency photon.Thus, photon’s frequency is directly proportional to the number of gravitonsit contains:

f Photon ∝ nGraviton (2.8)

wheref Photon: Frequency of photon

nGraviton: Number of gravitons contained in photonMass contains photons and each photon further contains gravitons. Largemass such as cosmological bodies are like cloud of gravitons. Gravitons maybe using photons as a carrier for moving from one location to another. Underthis assumption, glow of the earth should also contain gravitons. Let’s seehow a falling photon can increase its frequency. Figure 2.8 illustrates a fallingphoton which interacts with glow near the surface of the earth.

• Mass forming the earth contains larger number of photons. Each suchphoton further contains multiple gravitons.

• When a falling photon starts traveling toward the earth’s surface, pho-ton from the surface of the earth jumps and couples with the fallingphoton.

• Gravitons transfer between these two coupled photons while they movetoward the earth.




Figure 2.8: Coupling of photons to exchange gravitons



2.5. CLOUDS OF GRAVITONS ACTING AS REFUELING STATION 17

2.5 Clouds of gravitons acting as refueling

station

Figure 2.9 illustrates how energy carrying waves travel when a stone hit apond full of water. The radius of energy carrying waves increases with timewhile energy these waves carry decreases. Photon also carries energy andkeeps on reducing its energy (frequency) as it travels away from the sourcewhich emitted it. Let’s assume that photon is a flying vehicle which can flylong distance. As photon decreases its frequency while traveling, it is assumedhere that it consumes energy while traveling in free space. Let’s assume thatphoton has a fuel tank with limited capacity that contains energy that photonuses while traveling in the free space.

Photons are affected by gravity. Falling photon experiment proves thata photon increases its frequency (energy) while moving toward the earth.Photons also bend toward cosmological bodies while traveling in free space.Bending toward cosmological bodies can increase the energy of photons. Inother words, gravity increases the fuel contained in the fuel tank of a photon.To calculate how much distance a photon can travel with the energy it cancontain, let’s observe how far a photon can travel without refueling itself.The nearest star from our solar system is about 4.3 light years. Figure 2.10shows the travel path of a photon from nearest star to the earth. The photonwhich has traveled from the nearest star is absorbed at earth. A photon takesabout 4.3 light years to travel from the star to the earth surface. The heightof the upper part of light cone is 4.3 light years. According to the conceptof time and space developed by Einstein, the equal size cone needs to existdownward. So the total height of both cones is 8.6 light years. If the timeunit of c2 is ignored, it is almost equal to 9 light years. Thus, it can beclaimed that a photon can travel up to 9 light years with the energy it cancontain within itself. The capacity to travel 9 light years without refilling isan overestimation of the fuel tank capacity of the photon, as space betweennearest star and the earth is almost filled with dark matter and photon can

recharge itself with the gravitons from the dark matter. Photon is capable of traveling with energy it contains up to 9 light years. To travel further thanthis distance, photon needs energy from external sources. There are starsmillions of light years away from us and a photon is incapable of travelingsuch long distance. Photon needs to refill itself while traveling such longdistances.

Let’s assume dark matter is made of a specific type of particle P +. Forevery particle, there exists an antiparticle. Hence, there should also existantiparticle for P +. This antiparticle is called P

−here.




Figure 2.9: Travel path of energy carrying particle




• P + exhibits gravity. In other words, P + transfers gravitons to photons.

• As P + transfers gravitons to photons, P −

should receive gravitons frompassing photons.

• Dark matter can be regarded as a three dimensional space with highconcentration of P +.

• The three dimensional space where there is high concentration of P −

iscalled anti dark matter here.

• The free space is a combination of dark and anti-dark matter.

• As photon always loses energy while traveling, it can be claimed thatthe quantity of anti dark matter is larger than that of dark matter inthe free space.

This book suggests that:

• Photon is like a aircraft which can be refueled during its flight.

• Photon starts its flight from one galaxy.

• Photon travels on a path during its flight which passes near cosmolog-

ical bodies.

• Photon keeps on refueling its energy reserves by passing by the cosmo-logical bodies or making rotations around the cosmological body.

• Photon finishes its flight, when it reaches to its destination. It stays atthis destination before embarking on a new trip.

Figure 2.11 illustrate how the photon flies from one cosmological bodyto another, when they are at a distance of more than 9 × 1016 meters. Thephoton grazes the surface of different cosmological bodies (or makes roundtrip around the cosmological bodies) and refuels itself. It continues the pro-cess of consuming energy and utilizing it, until it reaches to its destination.A fixed angle at which the photon bends toward the surface of sun has beenan area of interest. This book postulates a new theory suggesting that:

• The angle at which a photon bends toward the cosmological body whilegrazing it depends upon the quantity of energy this photon needs. Aphoton may make round trips around the cosmological bodies until itsenergy need is fulfilled. The number of round trips a photon makearound the cosmological body depends on its energy need.




• Two photon traveling from the same point A to point B, may have dif-

ferent angle of bending (or number of round trips) toward the cosmolog-ical body depending upon the initial energy state (photon frequency),with which they started their journey.

• It is not necessary that the all the photon leaving a star flies toward thesame destination. A photons may have multiple destinations which itgrazes. There is also a possibility that photons leaving a cosmologicalbody may have different final destinations.

• This book suggests that photons might be rotating around the cosmo-logical bodies to recharge themselves with gravitons. Based on this,

the angle of bending can be also treated as the difference between theangle at which the photon started its round trip around the cosmolog-ical bodies and the angle at which it left the cosmological body afterrecharging itself.

In short, it can that claimed that the Gravity (collection of gravitons) becomes fuel for photons to enable them travel from one destinations to another desti-nation . It is believed so far that gravity makes one cosmological body rotatearound another and gravity has no other role in the functioning of the lightand matter. This theory can be regarded as a major discovery of link between

gravitons and the photons.As any mass is regarded as a container of photons, it can be claimedthat any mass including cosmological bodies can travel up to 9 light yearswith the energy they contain. In case, the cosmological body with mass mis at rest, the energy it contains can be used to move an object of mass m adistance of 9 light years.




Figure 2.10: Maximum distance photon can travel without refueling




Figure 2.11: Journey path of photon using clouds of gravitons as refuelingstation



2.6. GRAVITY AND GLOW FROM EARLY UNIVERSE 23

2.6 Gravity and glow from early universe

In 1965, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered microwave that wassame in whatever direction the microwave detector was pointed out. It wassame through out the year. The detected microwave was assumed to be aglow from early universe. This book suggests some other possible explana-tions for existence of such microwave.The earth has a special place in the universe

Let’s assume a spherical space with very large radius which has our earthat its center. The boundary of this spherical space has very large numberof same kind of uniformly distributed stars. Photons emitted by these star

reach our earth. With this kind of universe structure, microwave antennashould be able to detect microwaves regardless of the direction it is pointedout.Our universe is enclosed in a container with mirror like inner

surface

Let’s assume a spherical container which has mirror like inner surface andcontains our universe. Photons from cosmological bodies cannot escape thiscontainer as they always get reflected from mirror like inner surface of thecontainer. This kind of structure can help universe function without photonsbeing wasted in traveling infinite space where there is no matter which needsinteraction with these photons. The earth in such container can receive pho-

tons from all directions. However, photons received on the earth will not besame in all directions unless;

• Inner walls of the above spherical container act like photon energizer.Photons from different cosmological bodies that reach the inner wall of container are energized to a fixed level of frequency and then reflectedback into the space within the container.

• The earth or our solar system exists at almost the center of this con-tainer.

The earth is traveling at a speed larger than cLet’s assume that the detected microwave is really a glow from early universeand creation of universe started from a specific space and time coordinate. If after the Big Bang, both light and origin of matter forming our earth startedtravel in the same direction from this specific space and time coordinate,then

dEarth = dGlow = vEartht = vGlowt (2.9)

wheredEarth: Distance traveled by the earth since the Big Bang




dGlow: Distance traveled by the glow since the Big Bang

vEarth: Velocity with which the earth traveled since the Big BangvGlow: Velocity with which the early glow traveled since the Big Bangt : Time since the Big BangAs modern physics assumes that light’s speed is constant, Equation 2.9 canbe satisfied only in case when average speed of the earth and the glow (light)has been exactly same since the time of universe creation. If glow from earlyuniverse is arriving on the earth now, it means that the earth and the gloware in close race, where sometimes glow travels faster than the earth andsometimes the earth travels faster than the glow. It also means that evennow our earth is traveling toward a specific target with at least speed of

light. Any such explanation negates two follow important rules which formthe basis of modern physics:

• Speed of light is constant

• Mass cannot travel faster than light

The other possibility is that the Big Bang happened at the point where ourearth exists now and since then the early glow from the universe remainedattached to our earth.Cosmological bodies are energy hub

Cosmological body (the earth) receives energy within a specific frequencyrange (microwave). It is also known that cosmological bodies (stars) haveunique spectrum. Based on these two facts, it can be suggested that cosmo-logical body is an energy transformer which changes received energy to newfrequency and then distributes it to different points in the universe. It indi-cates the possibility that cosmological bodies in our universe play a specificenergy transmission role while being part of a very huge energy distributionnetwork.Photons need gravitons concentrated in matter for their survival

The possible mechanism, due to which glow from early universe can be stilldetected on the earth can be due to existence of some kind of bond (rela-

tionship) between light and matter (cloud of gravitons). Due to this bondlight (glow) needed to remain in vicinity of matter (the earth). In this sce-nario, glow from early universe and the origin of matter forming our earthstarted travel in the same direction at the same time. The earth traveled at aspeed less than the speed of light while glow kept attached to the earth whiletraveling in vicinity of the earth at the speed of 3 ∗ 108 meters. Microwavedetector can detect microwave regardless of direction it is pointed out, aseven now significant quantity of this glow is moving in vicinity of around thisearth due to some kind of bond (relationship) between light and matter.



2.7. ENERGY NEEDS OF COSMOLOGICAL BODIES 25

2.7 Energy needs of cosmological bodies

The gravitational constant which forms the basis of Newton’s Universal Lawof Gravitation is not constant on different locations on the earth. Differentlocations on the earth have different value of Gravitational Constant, cast-ing doubt that the current gravitational mathematical relationship can beapplied to the whole universe in its current form. Newton’s Universal Lawof Gravitation has two main concepts:

• Smaller mass orbits around larger mass.

• Force making the smaller body rotate around the larger body reduces

when distance between smaller and larger cosmological bodies increase.

This book suggests that our universe is too complex to be described by a sim-ple Gravitational Constant . Let’s evaluate the validity of the mathematicalrelationship proposed by Newton. Let’s assume that there are two types of object A and B with characteristics:Mass of an object OA of type A = mMass of an object OB of type B = m/pp = An integer valueDistance between the centers of object OA and object OB = rOA attracts Ob toward itself, or in other words, OA releases gravitational

waves (the group of particles known as gravitons) toward OB. The extent of the force F released by OA is given as:

F =Gm2

pr2= k (2.10)

whereG: Gravitational constantLet’s assume another object OC with the same mass as OB is brought inproximity to OA at the distance r. Now the total energy released by the OA

is given as:

F = 2k (2.11)

When n number of bodies are brought in proximity to OA at distance r, thetotal energy released by is OA given as:

F = nk (2.12)

n →∞⇒ F →∞ (2.13)

In the case, n approaches infinites, F becomes infinite too. The relationshipmeans a limited amount of mass in our galaxy can release infinite amount of




energy, which is against the basic understanding of modern physics. Figure

2.12 illustrates this concept. It is interested to know how cosmological bodiesgain energy they need to perform their tasks. In the subsequent sub sections,the energy contained in sun and the earth is discussed.

2.7.1 Energy needs of sun

It is believed that gravitational force by sun is responsible for rotation of the earth around it. The earth is assumed to be 4.5 billion years old. Let’scalculate whether sun posses enough energy to be able to rotate the earthcontinuously around itself for 4.5 billion years. To calculate the energy sun

can contain, following generally accepted values are used:Mass of the earth mEarth = 6× 1024 kgMass of sun mSun = 2× 1030 kgRadius of the earth rEarth = 6.4× 106 mRadius of sun rSun = 1.7× 106 mMean radius of the earth’s orbit REarth = 1.5× 1011 mAssuming that there is no other cosmological body rotating around the sunexcept the earth, then the distance (meters) sun is able to move the earth isgiven by:

dSun,Earth = 9× 1016mSun

mEarth

= 3× 1022m (2.14)

Number of rotations the earth has made around the sun since its birth (4.5billion years) is equal to:

nEarth = 4.5× 109 (2.15)

Total distance traveled by the earth so far is given by:

dEarth = 2πREarth × 4.5× 109 = 4.24× 1021m (2.16)

These calculations show that the sun has consumed significant part of energy

it can contains in rotating the earth around its orbit during the last 4.5 billionyears.According to this book, it is clear that the earth can travel only 9× 1016

meters by using all the energy it contains. This distance is much less thanthe distance already the earth has traveled.

The solar system consists of nine follow planets:

• Mercury

• Venus




Figure 2.12: Mass as limited source of energy




• The earth

• Mars

• Jupiter

• Saturn

• Uranus

• Neptune

• Pluto

Now, let’s pay attention to Jupiter and see whether sun has enough energyto be able to rotate other planets like Jupiter. The distance sun can moveJupiter by using all the energy it can contains is given by:

dSun,Jupiter = 9× 1016mSun

mJupiter

= 9.47× 1019 (2.17)

mJupiter: 317.8 times of the earth’s mass.

Assuming that Jupiter and the earth both came into being 4.5 billion yearsago at the same time, then the number of rotations Jupiter has made aroundthe sun are given as:

nJupiter =4.5× 109

11.86= 3.79× 108 (2.18)

Assuming that Jupiter is rotating in a circle, the total distance Jupiter hastraveled since it came into existence 4.5 billion years ago is given by:

dJupiter = 2πRJupitern = 1.85× 1021 (2.19)

whereRJupiter : Orbital radius of Jupiter which is 5.20 AU1 Astronomical Unit (AU): 1.5× 1011 metersFrom the calculations, it is obvious that the sun does not contain enoughenergy to rotate Jupiter around it for 4.5 billion years even when it uses allthe energy it can contain. According to this book, Jupiter should not beable to travel more than 9×1016 meters by using all energy it contains. Thisdistance is much less than the distance Jupiter already has traveled.




2.7.2 Energy needs of moon

The distance the earth is capable of rotating moon around is given by:

dEarth,Moon = 9× 1016mEarth

mMoon

= 7.7× 1018 (2.20)

whereMass of the earth mEarth = 6× 1024 kgMass of moon mMoon = 7× 1022 kgAssuming that the moon came into existence 4.5 billion years ago at thesame time as the earth. The number of rotations moon has made around theearth is given as:

nMoon =4.5× 109 × 365

27= 6.0× 1010 (2.21)

The total distance traveled by the moon since its existence 4.5 billion yearsis given as:

dMoon = 2πRMoonnMoon = 1.5× 1020m (2.22)

here,Radius of Moon’s orbit around the earth RMoon = 4× 108 mIt is obvious that even when the earth uses all the energy it can contain, it is

not possible for the earth to rotate the moon around its orbit for 4.5 billionyears.




2.8 Energy needs of atom

It is evident from the examples of cosmological bodies that they do not con-tain enough energy to perform their current tasks. Let’s investigate whetheror not proton contains enough energy to able to rotate electron around itsorbit. Here, let’s assume that the earth which contains this atom itself is notin motion.

Hydrogen is the simplest element consisting of only one proton and oneelectron. It is thought that hydrogen atom was formed 700000 years afterthe Big Bang. The Big Bang is thought to have occurred 15 Billion yearsago. For simplification purpose, the life of the hydrogen atom is assumed

to 15 billion years here. The total distance electron can travel using energycontained in the proton is given as:

dProton,Electron = 9× 1016mProton

mElectron

= 1.68× 1020m (2.23)

whereMass of electron mElectron = 9.1× 10−31 kgMass of proton mProton = 1.7× 10−27 kg

No one ever has been able to directly observe the time an electron spendsin making one rotation around the proton. This work reverse calculatesthe distance, electron would have traveled in last 15 billion years if all of the energy proton can contains is used rotating electron. Here, the energyelectron uses to spin around its own axis is ignored. The distance electronhas so far traveled average in one second is given as:

dElectron =dProton,Electron

15× 109 × 365× 24× 3600= 355.15m/sec (2.24)

The above calculations exclude the energy, proton uses to bind to otherprotons in the matter. A object traveling at 355.15 m/sec can be easilyobserved. Based on the calculated values, it can be claimed that the protonmay not be capable of rotating electron around its orbit for 15 billion years,even when if it uses all the energy it can contain.



2.9. FLOW OF GRAVITY IN THE UNIVERSE 31

2.9 Flow of gravity in the universe

In the case of cosmological bodies, it is evident that they do not containenough energy to perform the task, they had been performing for a very longtime.

• The earth is incapable of rotating moon using all the energy it cancontain.

• The sun is incapable of rotating planets around it using all energy itcan contain.

Releasing major part of energy from any object can make it useless. Let’ssee how cosmological bodies can meet their energy needs.

• Moon does not contain enough energy of its own which can enable itto rotate around the earth. The nearest possible channel of energy canbe the planet (the earth) around which it is rotating. In other words,the planet (the earth) channels energy to the moon which enables themoon to keep on traveling in an orbit around the planet (the earth).The other possibility is that moon gets energy from the sun and reflectsit toward different parts of the earth while rotating around the earth.Here, only first possibility is considered.

• The planet (the earth) itself is rotating around the star (sun). Theplanet (the earth) itself has not enough energy , which could haveenabled it keep on rotating around the star (sun). At the same time,the planet (the earth) also becomes path of energy flow to the moon.To be able to travel around the star (sun) and rotate moon in orbits,requires the supply of external energy. The star (sun) around whichthe planet (the earth) rotates can be path of the flow of this energy.

• Sun (star) is moving in an orbit around another star. Sun (star) needs

energy for its own movement around another star and also for rotatingplanets around itself. The center of galaxy can be the path of flow of this energy.

• Let’s assume galaxies are moving on specific paths. Galaxies needenergy to supply to stars it contain and also for movement of galaxieson specific paths. Galaxies need supply of energy from specific pointin the universe.

From the above observations, it can be concluded that:




• There is a very powerful flow of energy coming from some specific point

in the universe.

• The cosmological bodies acts as reflectors of this energy to other smallerbodies. In other words, there exists a huge infrastructure of energysupply to the universe, using cosmological bodies as energy reflec-tors/channels.

It has been observed that:

• Cosmological bodies are made of matter. Matter is a container of en-ergy.

• From energy point of view, the matter is a consumer of energy and atthe same time matter is a path through which energy passes on its wayto its destination. Matter is like a vehicle which is without fuel. To beable to move or function, it needs fuel from outside.

• The universe to be able to function, there is a need a source whichcontain very massive quantity of energy. This source supplies energy tomass. At the time of universe creation, this source was at the maximumlevel of energy. With the passage of time, the energy this source issupplying to the universe is dropping. At a certain point in future, the

universe will be without energy to be able to function.

• As energy supply drops, everything in the universe becomes slowerincluding the speed of photons.

Figure 2.13 and Figure 2.14 shows how the cosmological bodies can actas a distributor of photons/gravitons. Figure 2.14 also shows two flow of gravitons/photons toward moon. First flow is from the earth which moonuses for moving around the earth and the other flow of gravitons/photons isfrom sun, which moon diverts toward the earth. In other words, moon is anenergy reflector from sun toward the earth. Moon gets energy from the earth

for rotating around the earth and while rotating around the earth distributegravitons/photons from sun toward different parts of the earth. Figure 2.15shows how atom acts like an energy hub.




Figure 2.13: Gravitons/photons distribution to galaxies




Figure 2.14: Gravitons travel paths within galaxy




Figure 2.15: Atom as an energy hub




2.10 Gravity and characteristics of orbits/spin

This book suggests:

• Moving in orbits can help smaller objects reflect gravitons/photons todifferent parts of the larger object. Moving in orbits can also helpsmaller object gravitons/photons from larger objects.

• Rotation of a smaller object can help smaller object gain gravitons/photonsfrom different parts of the larger object.

• The radius of the orbit depends upon the energy needs of the smallerand larger object. Object which needs larger quantity of energy, re-

mains near the larger body to capture more gravitons/photons. Thebody which does not need much energy remains at a larger distance.Similarly when smaller object is acting as a reflector of energy towardlarger body, the distance between the larger and smaller body dependon the energy need of the larger body.

• Shape of the orbit depends upon the energy need of the object asillustrated in Figure 2.16.

Round Orbit Objects which consume gravitons quickly need to re-main at a constant distance from the larger mass. This leads to a

smaller object rotating around a larger mass in circle.

Eclipse Orbit Objects which have some good capacity to store addi-tional gravitons are able to move larger distance away from thelarger mass. These objects store energy and travel far away. Whenthey have used major part of their stored energy, they come backnear the larger body to refill gravitons. It leads to an orbit ineclipse shape.

• Angle of inclination of the orbit around the larger mass also dependsupon the energy needs of the smaller objects. The gravitational con-

stant G is not constant on all points of the earth. It may lead to theconclusion that the density of gravitons/photons that are released fromthe surface of the earth is not constant at all points of the surface. Theorbit at an inclined path may be helping capture gravitons accordingto needs of an object.

The earth rotates around its own axis and similarly particles like electronalso spin around their own axis. The particles are classified according thedirection of spin and the extent of spin using number like 0, 1 and 2. Thiswork suggests that:



2.10. GRAVITY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ORBITS/SPIN 37

• Spin helps particle capture gravitons on all sides the surface of the

object.

• As illustrated in Figure 2.17 the area A receives and stores the gravi-tons/photons when it is directly facing the larger body. With the spinof the object area A, it moves toward opposite side and consumes thegravitons/photons stored. Spin rotation around own axis helps all areasof the object gain gravitons/photons.

• The speed of the spin depends upon how fast the received gravitons/photonsare consumed. The objects which consume gravitons/photons veryquickly and do not have larger graviton storage spin quickly. The ob-

jects which consume gravitons slowly and/or do have a good gravitonstorage capacity, spins slowly.

• The direction of the spin (clockwise or anti clockwise) need not to beof very significance as rotating in clockwise or anti-clockwise both canhelp meet the gravitons/photons demands of the object. The directionof the spin depends upon the initial conditions when objects started itsspin.

• The objects which does not spin around own axis while rotating alonga larger mass, can be described as objects which have a well developed

gravitons/photons distribution system within themselves. Only onesurface of the object receives gravitons/photons and gravitons/photonsget distributed well throughout the inner of the object without need tohave opposite sides directly getting exposed to gravitons/photons fromlarger body.




Figure 2.16: Shape of orbit depending on energy needs



2.10. GRAVITY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ORBITS/SPIN 39

Figure 2.17: Rotation around own axis




2.11 Gravity and Pauli’s Exclusion Principle

Pauli’s Exclusion Principle says that there can be no two electron in the sameorbit with the exactly same state. However, there are some situations wherePauli’s Exclusion Principle does not seems to be useful, such as in case:

• Assume, there are two smaller object A and B, which are rotatingaround object C.

• Object A and B are both made of uniform density matter and consumeonly one type of field particle in equal quantity.

• Object C has a supply of type of field particle which both, object Aand object B consume.

• In case, C has sufficient supply of field particle which can meet theenergy demand of both A and B, A and B can exist in the same orbitwhile spinning around their own axis in the same direction (clockwiseor anticlockwise).

However, there are cases in which Pauli’s Exclusion Principle seems useful.The top part of Figure 2.18 illustrates a case, in which the smaller body

(electron) is rotating around a larger body (nucleus).

• The electron has two sides A and B with equal surface area ae.

• Side A and B of the smaller body has different roles.

• Side A and side B requires different types of field particles or the sametype of field particles in different quantity to perform their roles.

The bottom part of Figure 2.18 shows:

• Two electrons in an orbit spinning around their own axis in two differentdirections. One electron spins in clockwise direction, while the otherelectron spins in anti-clockwise.

• Lift hand side figure shows the case, when side A of both electrons isfacing the same direction, while right hand side shows a situation whenthe side of each electron is in opposite direction to each other.

The important features of such arrangement are:



2.11. GRAVITY AND PAULI’S EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE 41

Case 1 When both electrons face A is facing the same direction (bottom

left side of the Figure 2.18) while they are spinning around their ownaxis, both electrons are able to capture gravitons using all parts of thesurface A. Maximum area that gets directly get exposed at any instanceduring one spin is equal to 2ae.

Case 2 When both electrons face A is facing opposite directions (bottomright side of the Figure 2.18) while they are spinning around their ownaxis, the maximum total area from both electron that directly getsexposed to the larger mass is equal to ae.

Pauli’s Exclusion Principle can be useful for electrons only in situations such

as :

• In case 2, when the larger mass is able to pass field particles that canmeet field particles requirement of only one electrons at any instance.By coordinating the the angle of spin of surfaces A (for example, twoelectrons place their surface A in complete opposite directions and ro-tates in opposite directions at the same rate), the both electrons areable to meet their field particles requirements.

• In case 2, where

- Larger body emits two different types of field particles gY and gZ meeting field particles requirements of area A and area B, respec-tively.

- The gravitons gY and gZ are emitted during the same interval t.

- The supply of field particles gY and gZ is not sufficient enough tomeet all the requirements of 2 electrons during the interval t.

- By coordinating the angle of spin of surfaces A (for example, twoelectrons place their surface A in complete opposite directions andstart rotating in opposite directions at the same rate), the both

electrons are able to meet their energy requirement.• The above discussion indicates that there is a limited supply of energy

and objects/particles need to act in a coordinate manner to meet theirenergy needs.




Figure 2.18: Spin in opposite direction



2.12. EXPERIMENTS TO CONFIRM GRAVITY AND LIGHT LINK 43

2.12 Experiments to confirm gravity and light

link

It can be easily confirmed with experiment that photon carries gravitons orin other words, gravity is the basic functional block of light.

• During the day time, a certain point on the earth gets direct sunlight. If these photons from sun really carry gravitons with them, there shouldbe a higher concentration of gravitons on the surface of the earth duringthe day time. Thus, the earth’s surface should show higher gravityduring the day time.

• During the night time, a certain point on the earth do not get directsunlight. If photons from sun really carry gravitons with them, thereshould be less concentration of gravitons on the surface of the earthduring the night time. Thus, the earth’s surface should show lowergravity during the night time.

• Falling photon or falling object experiment should show different re-sults in day and night time if photons from sun really carry gravitonswith them. In case of falling photon, falling photon can show differ-ent speed and/or frequency during day and night. In case of falling

object, different results can be in the form of different kinetic energythat falling object transfers. Objects might have different falling speedduring day and night time.

• Falling photon experiment can be done in open desert where there isvery less chances of interference from external magnetic fields.

• Falling photon experiment can be carried out throughout the year tosee impact of weather on gravity.

The sea level rises during the night time. The rise in the level of sea is

contributed to gravity from moon. However, sea level rise can also be duethe earth exerting less gravity on sea water during night time. If aboveexperiment shows different behavior of photon during day and night, it canbe claimed that objects are lighter during the night due to reduction inconcentration of gravitons on the surface of the earth.




2.13 Confirming the flow of gravity

According to this book, there is a very well coordinated energy chain in theuniverse:

• A source somewhere in the universe, is the main source of gravitons tothe universe.

• These gravitons gets disturbed in the universe through a very coordi-nated way.

• Photon carries these gravitons and deliver them to objects which need

them as a source of energy.This energy chain can be experimentally confirmed. A mechanical systemshould slow down when it is placed in darkness. Figure 2.19 shows an ex-ample of experiment. Any motor placed in complete darkness should show adifferent behavior compared to the system which is not placed in the dark-ness.

2.14 Overcoming the gravity

It has been observed in the previous sections that:• The mass needs supply of energy to be able to function as a mass.

• Gravity is a mechanism which helps mass capture energy it needs forits survival.

• There is a type of energy bond between objects. For example, we havean energy bond with the earth on which we live.

To overcome earth’s gravity:

• We need to break the energy bond between us and the earth.

• After breaking this energy bond, we need to switch ourselves to anotherflow of energy to meet our energy needs.

We need huge force to be able to break our energy bond with the earth,.The powerful rocket engines are the only feasible way for escaping from theearth’s gravity.



2.14. OVERCOMING THE GRAVITY 45

Figure 2.19: Mechanical system in complete darkness






Chapter 3

Existence of technology to

overcome gravity

This chapter discusses the existence of powerful source of energy which couldallow escape from the gravity of the earth during the era of the Ancient Egypt.

3.1 The source of energy available to the rulers

of the Ancient Egypt

It has been observed in Chapter 2, that it is not feasible to overcome gravitywithout using powerful source of energy such as rocket engines. In the era of the Ancient Egypt, the only available sources of energy were:

• Human

• Animals

The only physical evidence indicating the existence of powerful source of energy is the huge building structures of pyramids. Moving heavy stones toheights requires huge amount of energy. In the preceding sections, it willbe investigated how heavy stones can be moved to heights using primitiveengineering techniques which do not require powerful source of mechanicalengineering.

3.2 Baking bricks on height

A powerful source of energy is not required if the stones used in buildingpyramids are actually baked bricks. Bricks can be baked at the top level of

47



48CHAPTER 3. EXISTENCE OF TECHNOLOGY TO OVERCOME GRAVITY

the pyramid in construction as illustrated in Figure 3.1. Building material

for each brick can be moved to the top level of the pyramid in constructionin multiple trips. It eliminates the need of a powerful source of energy whichis required to move one big heavy baked brick from the ground to the toplevel of the pyramid in construction.

• The top level of the pyramid in construction has at least one brickbaking oven.

• The material used in making bricks is moved to the top level of thepyramid from the ground level. Human or a trolley as shown in Figure3.2 can be used to move material used in baking bricks.

• The brick baking oven can be moved to the next level when one levelof construction of the pyramid is complete, .

• Fuel for the brick baking oven can be also moved in the same way asthe building material is moved from the ground level to the top levelof the pyramid in construction.

The trolley as shown in Figure 3.2 consists of :

• A box fixed to the top of the trolley to accommodate building material.

• Four wheels to make it easy to move.

• Holders to attach the ropes used for pulling the trolley.

One side of the pyramid has a slope.

• This slope for moving trolley is extending from the ground to the levelof the pyramid in construction.

• The slope is extended one level further when the construction of onelevel is complete.

• The slope build on the side of the pyramid is removed when the con-struction of the pyramid is complete.

There are pulleys to pull the trolley to the level of the pyramid that is underconstruction. Construction workers who stand on the level of the pyramidthat is under construction, can pull the ropes attached to the trolley.

In case no trolley is used, stairs can be used by construction workers tomove the construction material from the ground level to the top level. In casestairs are used for moving material, there is no need for construction workers



3.2. BAKING BRICKS ON HEIGHT 49

Figure 3.1: Baking at the top of the pyramid




Figure 3.2: Trolley used for moving heavy material




to climb from the ground level to the top level carrying the construction

material. A construction worker can stand on every step of the stair. Hegets the bucket with the construction material from the worker on one stepbelow and pass the bucket to the worker on one step above.




Cement is a commonly used as solidification agent. Figure 3.3 compares

two processes of making bricks:

• Making bricks by using cement as a solidification agent.

• Making bricks by baking clay.

There are four basic steps which are common on both of the above twoprocesses.

• Mix the raw material

• Heat the mixed raw material

• Add water

• Place the material in a molding case

The only difference among the above two processes is the order of the stepsperformed in the process of baking bricks. The structure of the pyramid maygive some clues to help us distinguish the type of building blocks used. Therecan be two types of building blocks:

• Bricks made of natural rocks.

• Bricks made from baked clay.

It is thought the pyramids are observatories which were later used as tombs.There is no evidence that the rulers of the Ancient Egypt have follow twocore technologies to be able to build a advance functional observatory:

• The technology to produce telescopes.

• The technology to measure the distance to the stars.

Under the absence of above two technologies, the best way to reduce the

distance to the sky (space) is to build a tall building and go to the top of thisbuilding to observe the sky (space). The distance to stars from the earthis almost same when we observe sky (space) from the ground or when weobserve sky (space) from the top of a tall building.

In the absence of big and strong steel rods, there is need to arrange bricksin the form of a tall building. Figure 3.4 illustrates a tall building whose toplevel can be used for observing sky (space).

• The building has a strong foundation so that the structure does notcollapse under its own weight.




• The side walls are made of bricks.

• The building has many levels and one can move from one level to an-other level using stairs. There is some flat space on each level so thatthe ruler could rest on their way to the top of the tall building.

• The roof of each level is also made of some solid material. The roof may need to be supported by pillars.

• The bricks used in building roofs need to be of large size, so that thereis enough space on each level.

Below are the core requirements that need to be satisfied by the bricks if we want to construct a tall building.

• A large number of blocks/bricks are required to build the side walls of the tall building.

• Each blocks/bricks should be of precise size so that we could have astable structure of the building.

• Each block/bricks need to be strong.

• The block/brick used in building roof need to be of large size.

Furthermore, such tall building need to satisfy follow requirements.

• There is a need of strong cement which could be used to join blocks/bricksto build side walls.

• The building need to have a strong foundation.

The rulers of the Ancient Egypt did not have some core technologies, themodern society is using to build tall buildings.

• In case, the Ancient Egypt has good metallurgy know-how, the rulers

of the Ancient Egypt could erect a tall steel structure and attach walls,floors and stairs to this tall steel structure.

• The rulers could have also lifts to move them to higher levels withoutusing stairs if they have a powerful mechanical source, such as a pow-erful electric motor. It could also help old age royals to move to thetop level of the observatory without using stairs.




Figure 3.3: Process of making bricks




Figure 3.4: Construction of a tall building for use as an observatory




Bricks made of natural rocks are strong but it is not easy to build a tall

building with them as:

• It is difficult to collect large number of natural rocks.

• It is not easy to cut the natural rocks in the exact same size.

• It is not easy to collect rocks of large size.

We do not face the above identified issues when we use bricks made frombaked clay. However, the bricks made of baked clay are not very strong. Thisissue can be resolved by building a pyramid style tall building as illustratedin Figure 3.5:

• The outer walls of the pyramid are made of baked clay bricks. Thebaked clay bricks are not very strong.

• The outer wall enclose small sized natural rocks. The natural rocks arevery strong and able to sustain heavy weights.

• Each level of the pyramid is smaller in size compared to the next lowerlevel of the pyramid. Each external wall rests on natural rocks andbaked clay bricks forming the external wall of the lower level. It al-lows weight from the top divide into pressure on baked clay bricks and

pressure on the natural rocks.

Figure 3.5 illustrates the cross section of the pyramid.

• On the top of the pyramid is a hall used by the rulers of the AncientEgypt to observe the sky. The open hall is expected to be without aglass roof as the Ancient Egypt did not have the technology to buildstrong large sizes glass sheets which could be used as the roof.

• A passage runs along the external walls of the pyramid.

• The external walls, the roof and the ceiling of the passage are made of large flat pieces of some construction material. These large flat piecesof material are made of some light material such as wood.

• The passage leading to the open hall on the top of the pyramid doesnot exist any more. It is expected that when the role of the pyramidsfinished, the light material which formed the passage leading to the topof the pyramid was replaced by the baked clay bricks. The baked claybricks were made on spot, where the passage was used to move thebuilding material.




Figure 3.7 illustrates the top view of the pyramid for the purpose of showing

how a person can move from one level to another. Stairs or slopes betweenlevels can be used to move from one level to another. It is convenient to useslopes when pushing trolleys with heavy building materials. The pyramidcan have both stairs and slopes.

Figure 3.5: Cross section of the pyramid 1




Figure 3.6: Cross section of the pyramid 2




Figure 3.7: Internal structure of the pyramid




3.3 Assembling bricks at a height

A powerful source of energy is required to move heavy bricks from the groundto a height. However, a powerful source of energy is not needed when:

• Small pieces which can be joined together to form a large size brick,are made on the ground level

• These small pieces are moved to a height.

• These small pieces are assembled into a large size brick at the top levelof the pyramid in construction.

Figure 3.8 illustrates one such example. A large size brick is assembled byusing two types of smaller bricks.

• Brick of type A has a long slot. Several bricks of type A are placed ontop of one another.

• Brick of type B is without a slot. Brick of type B fits the slot of thebrick of type A.

In case of baked bricks, large number of bricks with precise dimensions canbe baked. By frictionally engaging bricks of type B with bricks of of type A,large size bricks can be assembled on the spot. Figure 3.9 illustrates another

example of a large size brick, which is made of smaller parts. The large sizedbrick is assembled using:

• A hollow box shaped brick with a bottom and an open top side.

• A flat brick which is used to cover the hollow box.

• Slabs (thin bricks) which fit into the hollow box.

• Pebbles to fill in the empty space after the hollow box is filled with theslabs (thin bricks).

Figure 3.10 illustrates another type of large size brick, which is assembled on

the spot.

• On ground level, very solid shaped bricks (slabs) are baked.

• These solid slab shaped bricks are moved to the top level of the pyramidunder construction.

• At the top level of the pyramid, the slabs are joined with clay and bakedagain. This method helps strong bricks get baked quickly as there isno need to have all the material baked.



3.3. ASSEMBLING BRICKS AT A HEIGHT 61

Figure 3.8: Assembling larger brick with small pieces 1







3.3. ASSEMBLING BRICKS AT A HEIGHT 63





3.4 Using water to lift heavy bricks

Modern ship building industry assembles ships in the shipyard. Once thetask of building a ship is complete, the shipyard is filled with water. Thewater raises the ship from the ground and the ship is moved into sea watervery easily. The similar technique can be used to build pyramids.

Figure 3.11 illustrates an architecture of pyramid yard.

• Boats are moved and placed into a dry ground surface.

• Heavy bricks are placed on these boats. Only limited number of theheavy bricks need to be placed on the boats. The interior of the pyramid

is to be filled with small size natural stones which can be moved toheight easily.

• Pyramid yard is formed by erecting water proof walls around the areawhere boats with heavy bricks are placed.

• Ground level of the pyramid is constructed. When one level is complete,the water is added to the pyramid yard to raise the level of the boats.The heavy bricks can also be easily moved within the pyramid yard asthey are placed on the boats.

• Once the construction of the pyramid is complete, the water is removedfrom the pyramid yard and surrounding walls are removed.

Figure 3.12 illustrates how a valley can be used as a pyramid yard.

• Boats and the construction material is moved into the valley.

• The entrance to the valley is blocked.

• The valley is filled with the specific quantity of water when there is aneed to raise the level of the bricks.

Figure 3.13 illustrates how a sandhill can be dig to be used as a pyramidyard. Figure 3.14 is a side view of a sandhill being used as a pyramid yard.It is interesting to observe that may discovered pyramids in Egypt are buriedin sand.

Figure 3.15 illustrate how a small water tank can be used to raise thelevel of a heavy brick.

• Small water proof walls are erected around the three dimensional spacewhich contains both existing and the desired bottom position of theheavy brick.



3.4. USING WATER TO LIFT HEAVY BRICKS 65

• This three dimensional space is filled with water to raise the position

of the boat on which the heavy brick is placed.

• Once the heavy brick is moved to the new position, the water proof walls are removed.

This method can be a smart way of saving water in the desert, as water is aprecious resource in the desert.

Figure 3.11: Using boats to lift heavy bricks




Figure 3.12: Using valley to store water to lift heavy bricks




Figure 3.13: Using sand hills to store water to lift heavy bricks




Figure 3.14: Side view of a sand hill used to build pyramids




Figure 3.15: Using small water tank to raise heavy bricks




3.5 Using animals to move heavy bricks

Gravity can be used to position heavy bricks to a desired level. Figure 3.16illustrates how gravity can be used to move heavy bricks to the desired level.

• The construction site of the pyramid is near a cliff. The cliff can benatural or man made. The cliff has a paved path to move heavy bricksto the edge of the cliff.

• The heavy bricks are dropped on the sand from the edge of the cliff.The sand on which the heavy bricks fall, acts like a cushion.

• Once one level of pyramid is completed, the level of the sand is raised.• Once the construction of the pyramid is complete, the cliff and the sand

is removed from the vicinity of the constructed pyramid.

Figure 3.17 illustrates another way of moving heavy bricks.

• A paved path which is not very steep is used to move the heavy bricks.

• Animals pull the carts which contains the heavy bricks and other heavyconstruction material.

• The heavy bricks are off loaded from the carts at the top end of thepaved path.

• Another paved path is used to lower down the heavy bricks by usinggravity.

• Sand at the bottom of the steep slope acts like a cushion.

• Once one level of pyramid is completed, the level of the sand is raised.

• Once the construction of the pyramid is complete, the paved path andthe sand is removed from the vicinity of the constructed pyramid.

Figure 3.18 illustrates how animals can be used to move heavy bricks to thedesired position. Animals at the ground level pull the ropes which pull thetrolley upward along the slope built on the side of the pyramid.

Figure 3.16, Figure 3.18 and Figure 3.17 illustrate that animals and/orgravity can be effectively used to move heavy bricks to the desired level.



3.5. USING ANIMALS TO MOVE HEAVY BRICKS 71

Figure 3.16: Using gravity to move heavy bricks to the desired level




Figure 3.17: Using animals to move heavy bricks



3.5. USING ANIMALS TO MOVE HEAVY BRICKS 73

Figure 3.18: Using animals to move heavy bricks




3.6 Using hot air balloons

Heavy bricks can be lifted to desired heights by using hot balloons. Buildinghot balloons need follow technologies.

• Large size strong cloth

• Source of heat

• Rope

The Ancient Egypt has the ability to manufacture large size strong cloths asthey had the ability to build sailing boats. The Ancient Egypt also had astrong source of heat as they purified gold and made gold jewelry.

Figure 3.19 illustrates how hot balloons can be used to lift heavy bricks.Ropes are attached to the hot air balloon to control the position and heightof the hot balloon.

3.7 Using wood

Wood swells when it absorbs water. This characteristics of the wood can beused to raise the position of a heavy brick. Figure 3.20 illustrates a method

of raising the position of a heavy brick using dry wood and water. Drippingwater on the dry wood makes the wood swollen, which raises the heavy brickas shown in stage 1 and stage 2. At stage 3, swollen wood is replaced withanother dry piece of wood which absorbs water. The process can be repeateduntil the heavy brick has attained the desired height.

3.8 Conclusion

The discussion in the above sections indicates that the existence of hugebuilding structures like pyramids does not prove the existence of technology

to build space rockets in the era of the Ancient Egypt.



3.8. CONCLUSION 75

Figure 3.19: Using balloons to move heavy bricks




Figure 3.20: Using dry wood to raise a heavy bricks



Chapter 4

Leadership for scientific

development

This chapter discusses the capacity of the rulers of the Ancient Egypt toprovide leadership for any space technology development.

4.1 Physical health of the rulers

It is believed that the pyramids were observatories built to observe the sky.

The Ancient Egypt did not have the technology to develop telescopes. Thepyramids are observatories without a telescope. The Pyramid of Giza is 150meters in height and is the tallest building from the era of the Ancient Egypt.Climbing to the top of the Pyramid of Giza can move the field of view inperpendicular direction by only 150 meters. Now let’s consider two points Aand B:

• The point A is on the ground level.

• The point B is at a top of hill which is at the height of 150 meters frompoint A.

Now lets stand at point A and try to touch the moon with our hands. Wecannot catch the moon when standing at point A. Now lets move to pointB and try to touch the moon again. We still cannot touch the moon withour hands while being at point B. From this very simple observation, everyperson with normal vision and normal mental health will conclude that themoon is much far away than 150 meters from ground and moving from pointA to point B do not make any difference. The people in the era of the AncientEgypt could reach to the same conclusion as they climbed mountains and had

77



78 CHAPTER 4. LEADERSHIP FOR SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT

the opportunity to observe sky from the height of mountains. It is obvious

to everyone that climbing to a 150 meters high position to observe sky hasno technical merit compared to observing sky from the ground level.

The royals of the Ancient Egypt strongly believed in the supremacy of their bloodline. To preserve the purity of the royal bloodline, the royalsmarried within their very close blood relatives. The effort to preserve thepurity of the royal bloodline went to extreme length. Genetic make-up con-tributes to carrying of diseases from one generation to another. Marriagesbetween very close blood relatives could significantly increase the occurrenceof genetic disorders. It is feasible that the rulers also carried many geneticdiseases including serious eye defects and had a very limited vision.

This theory that the rulers had hereditary eye defects can be supportedby other observations.

• The size of the writings on the wall is quite big.

• Pictures are used for writing. Pictures are easy to recognize comparedto letters.

The hereditary eye defects could have limited the capability of the rulersto rule their kingdom and finally resulted in the downfall of a civilizationwith long history.

• Hereditary eye defects reduced the capability of the rulers to commandan army as they cannot see much far.

• Hereditary eye defects limited the capability to read and write. Thereduced ability to to read and write limited the ability to review thestate records and make wise decisions.

DNA tests can be carried on mummies of kings and queens to confirm hered-itary defects.

4.2 Openness to fresh ideas

Lets look at the main characteristics of the gods of the Ancient Egypt

• The rulers claimed that the gods of the Ancient Egypt existed through-out the history. The rulers claimed that the gods existed since the birthof the universe to the era of the Ancient Egypt.

• The rulers claimed that the gods lived on other planets/stars.



4.2. OPENNESS TO FRESH IDEAS 79

• The rulers claimed themselves to be god which maintained close rela-

tionships with the gods living on other planets.

We all know that the rulers of the Ancient Egypt only ruled the Egypt. Thequestion here is how a ruler can justify his/her claim to be a god while his/herkingdom is only limited to a small part of the earth. The only way to justifythe claim to be god is to convince the population of the Ancient Egypt that:

• The rulers belong to other planets/stars.

• The family of the rulers living on the other planets rule all other plan-ets/stars.

• The people living in Egypt are selected people on the earth.

• The rulers has been specially dispatched from other planets/stars tothe earth to lead their way to the glory and migrate them to otherplanets/stars after death.

The most effective way to nurture the feeling of being selected people havinga god from another planet is to:

• Isolate the nation to shut out any ideologies which can challenge theconcepts of being a nation of selected people ruled by a god from an-other planet. The easiest way to shut out any foreign ideologies is tocompletely isolate a nation by restricting the contact with the foreign-ers.

• No society is self-sufficient in meeting its own material demands. Anynation needs to do trade to meet its material demands. The rulersmight have formed a small group of people who managed the foreigntrade. Anyone else besides this group was not allowed to contact peoplefrom other nations. This concept of creating groups according to rolemight have lead to the concept of dividing a nation into different groups.

• Channel the basic life necessities through the ruler to enforce the imageof the ruler as god.

Good ideas give birth when people from different backgrounds combine theirexperience and ideas. Dividing a nation into groups and restricting con-tact with foreign nations do not create an environment in which science andtechnology can flourish.




4.3 Purpose of the scientific development

The building structures from the Ancient Egypt are mainly the symbols of power of the rulers of that time. As discussed in Section 4.1, the Pyramidsare complete wastage of nation resources as observing sky from the top of pyramids has no technical merit. Science and technology flourish when itbenefits are extended to the population due to several reasons, such as:

• Technology get tested in large number of manners.

• There is good and diverse feedback from population about what needs

to be further improved.

• There is an influx of large number of ideas how to improve the tech-nology.

There science and technology cannot flourish under the governance methodsof the rulers of the Ancient Egypt.

4.4 Scientific methodology

This is the general flow of scientific discovery.

• Observe a phenomena which occurs under certain conditions

• Design and conduct an experiment to confirm that those certain con-ditions are contributing to the observed phenomena.

• Collect and analyze the results of the conducted experiment.

• Find a explanation reason why certain conditions contributed to the

observed phenomena.

Magic was practiced in the era of the Ancient Egypt. Reading specific phrases(sounds) in certain order is said to be the core process of the magic. Thereis a very huge difference between the process of the scientific discovery andthe act of practicing magic. Practicing the scientific methodology could bea challenge to the authority of the rulers who claimed to be god, as a nationcan discover that presence of a ruler as a god has no direct impact/controlon the natural processes.



4.5. SUMMARY 81

4.5 Summary

From the above discussion, it can be claimed that in the era of the An-cient Egypt, the environment was not favorable to develop any kind of spacetechnology.






Chapter 5

Possibility of alien visits to the

earth

This chapter discusses the capacity of any aliens to visit the rulers of theAncient Egypt. In this chapter, word ’alien’ is used for the living objectswho are thought to be visiting the rulers of the Ancient Egypt and hadfollow two characteristics:

• The aliens were not made of photons (light) but were made of matterwith non-zero mass.

• The alien’s head had a shape same as an animal head (such as a headof jackal).

• The aliens body below the head was like a human beings body.

5.1 Technology to leave the planet on which

aliens lived

Chapter 2 concludes that the only way to escape gravity is to use huge force.Human can escape the pull of gravity by using space rockets. As the alienalso had mass, they needed a source of energy to escape from the gravity of the planet on which they lived. The alien could easily leave the planet onwhich they live if:

• The mass of the planet on which the aliens lived was very small mass.

• The aliens contained enormous amount of energy within their body.

83



84 CHAPTER 5. POSSIBILITY OF ALIEN VISITS TO THE EARTH

Now let’s look very closely at the feet of the aliens in the illustrations from

the era of the Ancient Egypt. The aliens with jackal head have same shapeand size of feet as we human beings living on the earth have. Aliens living onsmall planet do not need feet as they will be floating due to small gravitationalpull from their planet. Based on this observation, it can be claimed that theplanet on which these aliens lived was a large size planet. The aliens neededNASA space rockets to get out from the boundaries of their planet.

There are also illustration from the era of the Ancient Egypt where theruler of the Ancient Egypt is offering loaf of bread to the alien. It meansthat the source of energy was bread for the alien . The power that can begained by eating a loaf of bread is very small compared to the power of aNASA space rocket.

5.2 Technology to enter the atmosphere of

the earth

We know that any mass that enter the atmosphere (layers of gases) aroundthe earth, heats to a very high temperature. It is impossible for an aliento enter atmosphere (layers of gases) around the earth without burning toashes.

Let’s assume that the aliens had the technology to produce special steelwhich did not melt even at very high temperature and also could sustainhigh stress. Let’s further assume that this technology helped the aliens toenter the atmosphere of the earth without burning to ashes. As the aliens are

thought to be in very good relationship with the rulers of the Ancient Egypt,they should be sharing the technology to produce special steel. There is aneed of physical evidence indicating that such special steel technology wastransferred from the aliens to the rulers of the Ancient Egypt. Erecting tallbuildings was trend in the Ancient Egypt. There are no huge steel structuresin the era of the Ancient Egypt. Almost everything is made of bricks. Thearrangement of bricks in form of pyramid clearly indicates that there wasno technology available to produce long and strong steel rods which couldsustain huge weight of construction material.



5.3. ILLUSTRATIONS RESEMBLING MODERN FLYING VEHICLES 85

5.3 Illustrations resembling modern flying ve-

hicles

Let’s treat each symbol which resemble a modern flying vehicle as a characterand let’s find the usage of such characters whose meanings are unknown tous. As mentioned in Chapter 4, the rulers needed to isolate the nation tostop the influx of ideologies which could challenge the rulers of the AncientEgypt. In recent centuries, Japan’s rulers systematically tried to isolatethe population by forbidding exchange with foreign countries. The Japanesepeople use Japanese language. Japanese language is written using three typesof character sets:

Kanji Kanji is a set of Chinese characters. Each Chinese character is apicture of at least one single object. Objects in the picture indicate themeaning of character. For example, the picture of a cart means a car.

Hiragana Hiragana is a set of characters which are used to represent differ-ent sounds in Japanese language.

Katakana Katakana is a set of characters which are used to write foreignwords which did not originally existed in the Japanese language. Ex-ample of such words is Christmas, cake, sandwich.

As mentioned in Chapter 4, the rulers of the Ancient Egypt needed to forma special group which deal with foreigners and most probably did not mixwith ordinary people to stop the influx of ideologies which could challengethe authority of the rulers. These symbols with unknown meanings could bethe characters used to represent objects/words of foreign origin.

5.4 Summary

From the above discussion, it can be said that there exists no solid physicalevidence of aliens visits to the rulers of the Ancient Egypt.



86 CHAPTER 5. POSSIBILITY OF ALIEN VISITS TO THE EARTH



Chapter 6

Roles and features of aliens

This chapter discusses the possible role of aliens in the era of the AncientEgypt.

6.1 Aliens living on the earth

As discussed in the previous chapters, there is a very little possibility thatthe aliens as depicted in the illustrations from the era of the Ancient Egyptactually visited the earth. Now, lets look at the possibility of aliens living

on the earth.• The priests put on jackal hoods on their head during rituals. It means

fake copies of the aliens existed in the era of the Ancient Egypt andthe public was aware of these fake copies.

• The people ruled by the rulers of the Ancient Egypt needed an indicatorto be able to differentiate between the real alien (the aliens who livedon the other planets) and the fake copies of the aliens.

• From the illustrations from the era of the Ancient Egypt, it can beobserved that the real aliens have the exactly same torso as the human

beings. The only body part that can distinguish between the real andthe fake copy of the alien is the shape of the head of an alien.

• The identification of the real alien is that the three dimensional spaceoccupied by the head of the real alien cannot be realized by puttingany animal shaped hood on the normal human head.

• There are illustrations of aliens from the era the Ancient Egypt, whichcan be realized by putting an animal hood on human skull after remov-ing part of the human skull.

87



88 CHAPTER 6. ROLES AND FEATURES OF ALIENS

There is a very high probability that the real aliens were actually human

beings who had some of their skulls bones removed to put on an animalhood.

6.2 Encounter between common people and

the aliens

As people of the Ancient Egypt believed in aliens, the people might be verykeen to meet the aliens living in other planets to strengthen their belief inthe aliens. This can be a typical encounter between visiting real aliens and

the ordinary people.

• A specific time of each year, the ruler announces that the alien will bevisiting a specific temple to meet the people on a particular day.

• The encounter with the aliens will be for a short period of time andduring the night.

• The ruler orders production of a ’real alien’.

• The companions of the ruler places/fixes the produced real alien on athrone/chair.

• There is a black curtain behind the chair which hides companions of the rulers from the audience.

• Two guards stand on each side of the throne to make sure no one comenears the throne and discover the reality of the real alien.

• People are given substances creating hallucination with food beforemeeting the real alien.

• The hall where people meet the alien is dark so that there is no chancesomeone realize the reality of the real alien.

• The people are asked to keep their head lower to reduce the chances of discovering the fraud.

• The people standing behind the black curtain talks with people givingthem impression that the alien is talking.



6.3. MUMMIFICATION AS A SPACE TRAVEL PREPARATION 89

There is a very little chance that any human could survive the process of

transformation from human beings into a real alien. It has been discussed inthis book that the rulers of the Ancient Egypt went to an extreme to preservetheir blood line. The victims must be coming outside of family of rulers andbecause of this the real aliens might have different physical characteristicsuch as color of the skin compared to the rulers.

6.3 Mummification as a space travel prepa-

ration

Let’s assume that the ruler claims that aliens visit him from other planets andhe also claims to be the family member of the aliens living on other planets.The family/diplomatic relationships with the aliens living on another planetsseems to be an important supporting argument to claim to be a god. It isstrange that aliens visit the ruler and ruler cannot visit the aliens living inother planets. The ruler needed to claim also that he can also travel to otherplanet too. Mummies have been discovered from hidden chambers and therewere no treasures placed next to mummies in the chambers. It is thoughtsomeone stole the treasures. However, there is a high probability that

• Mummification was treated as a process which prepares the body to

travel to other planets after the death of the ruler.

• Mummies were placed with treasures in the tombs before the public.

• After sometime, the companions of the new ruler hid the mummies andclaimed that the late ruler has moved to another planet.

• The companions of the new ruler hid all the treasures that were placednext to mummified bodies and claimed that the ruler also took thetreasure with him.

It is something bizarre that the ruler moved himself to another planet but

left his beloved ones such as his wife and favorite singers behind. There arechances that

• Every beloved relative of the last ruler was also mummified after themummification of the ruler.

• The mummified body of relatives such as wife was also hidden.

• The mummified body of other people such as singer was preserved forthe next time the last ruler returns back to the Egypt for extendedperiod of time.



90 CHAPTER 6. ROLES AND FEATURES OF ALIENS

6.4 Summary

From the above discussion, it can be claimed that there is a very high prob-ability that the aliens were actually dead bodies converted into figures re-sembling the aliens to deceive the ordinary peoples and to support the claimthat the ruler is a god sent from other planet for selected people.



Chapter 7

Summary

This book investigates the possibility of space travel in the era of the AncientEgypt and the important factors that brought the downfall of a civilizationwith long history. This book concludes that:

• No space technology existed in the era of the Ancient Egypt.

• No alien from other planets/star visited the rulers of the Ancient Egypt.

• The claims of space travels and alien visits were bogus claims made bythe rulers to strengthen their claims to be god.

• Huge resources were wasted to glorify the rulers.

• Efforts to keep pure the bloodline reduced the physical and intellectualcapacity of the rulers to control their territory.

• Isolation of the nation reduced the strength of the nation.

Documents

The space travel of the pharaoh