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The Role of Universities in Regional InnovationJohn Goddard
Emeritus Professor of Regional Development Studies
Universities, Innovation and Smart Specialisation
• Document accompanying the Commission communication on Regional Policy contributing to smart growth in Europe 2020 (SEC/2010/1183)– Key role of strategic intelligence in universities to “ identify the high value
added activities which offer best chances of strengthening a region’s competitiveness”
– “ Smart specialisation involves business, research centres and universities working together to identify a region’s most promising areas of specialisation but also weaknesses that hamper innovation”
• Building Smart Specialisation is a process• Universities need to actively participate in this process in partnership with
public, private and third sectors• In order to effectively do this requires an understanding of the principles
of innovation/smart specialisation and the specific regional context• Building capacity through peer to peer learning, creating a ‘community of
practice and building effective learning systems will be essential
University Drivers
• Declining national funding for HE• Search for local support to assist with global
aspirations in research and student recruitment• Increased local enrolments• Additional income for services to local businesses
through consultancy and CPD• Indirect benefits of local environment to attract and
retain creative academics and motivated students• Outward and visible manifestation of contribution to
civil society
City and Regional Interests in HE
• HE as a major business• Global gateways for marketing and attracting inward
investment• Generation of new business and sources of advise to
established businesses• Enhancing local human capital through graduate
retention and professional updating• Content and audience for cultural programmes• Contribution to health, well being, social inclusion and
environmental sustainability
The regionally engaged multi-modal and multi-scalar university
(after Arbo and Benneworth)
Skills
Culture
National policy
LM
TDP
IND HE
S&T
‘Global’
Academic kudos
‘National’
‘Regional’
‘Science park
HospitalCulture village
Inward investors
Innovation
Research & innovation
Graduate enterprise
s
Staff spin
outs
Innov
ation
vouch
ers
Consultancy
services
Technology transfer
Knowledge
transfer
partnershi
ps
Teaching &learning
Talent attraction
Widening
participati
on
Workforce developme
nt
Talent retention
Human capital
development
Stimulating
innovationInternation
allinks and
investment
Complexity of the activity
Intervention type
transactional transformational
high
low
MECHANISMS FOR UNIVERSITIES TO PARTICIPATE IN THE INNOVATION/SMART SPECIALISATION ‘PROCESS’
Helping businesse
s articulate demand
Teaching
Facilitatin
g
networks
and
clusters
Social mission
&engagement
Student volunteeri
ng & communit
y work
Cultural development and ‘place
making’
Public lectures
Physical regenerati
on and capital
projects
Museums and
galleries
Helping the region to
articulate demand so
the resources of the
university can be
mobilised in an
holistic way to
promote innovation
Helping the region to
articulate demand so
the resources of the
university can be
mobilised in an
holistic way to
promote innovation
Academic Research
Barriers
Low/few
High/many
Experience and competence
Vast, tried and testedLimited,
novel
Effective mobilisation of human, intellectual,
social and physical capital
Nature of the Barriers/Enablers to success in the external environment•Institutional history and its sense of ‘self’•Policies and practices •Maturity of the wider region•Nature of relationships – collaboration/competition•Nature of the ‘place’ – complexity of the environment•Availability of ‘boundary spanners’•Leadership within and across institutions•Capacity to identify and articulate need•Ability to reach collective agreement on priorities•Existence of appropriate delivery structures•Local, regional and national policies and structures•Financial constraints on effective engagement
BUT HOW PRINCIPLES ARE TRANSLATED INTO PRACTICE REQUIRES A SOPHISTICATED ANALYSIS AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE LOCAL CONTEXT
Case Study: Region Värmland and Karlstad University – SLIM II project
• SLIM II was launched in 2009 with total funding of €2.1 million, of which €1.05 million ERDF. It promoted existing co-operation and looked for ways to expand it. A total of 700 companies (with 60,000 employees) in 15 clusters participated in SLIM II. The project also linked the clusters and universities. SLIM II successfully brought the actors together face-to-face and built acquaintance and mutual trust.
• Learning Points– The fact that the University recognised that regional engagement can enhance the core
missions of teaching and research was a big ‘enabler’ of the project initiation and success
– Another enabler was that Region Värmland’s strategy has explicitly been to strengthen collaboration within and between key regional actor organisations and the University in the context of the region’s competitive strengths
– Understanding that co-operation processes cannot be directly transferred to other regions – while the principles remain fixed the practice must be adapted to suit the specific environment
– Having participated in a peer review and self evaluation process (OECD/IMHE review of the contribution of universities to regional development, 2006) was critical in understanding the nature of the role of the University in the innovation process
EU Guide: ‘Connecting Universities to Regional Growth’
• The guide will– provide an analysis how universities can impact upon regions and how they can be
mobilised for regional economic, social and cultural development– explore (illustrated by clear and compelling examples from around the EU) some of the
potential delivery mechanisms that can be used to maximize the contribution of universities to regional growth
– outline the key principles in building university /regional partnership, particularly the drivers and barriers on both sides behind such partnership working and how these barriers may be overcome.
– position potential programmes and interventions within the framework for ERDF support
• The guide will be illustrated with 15 examples of good practice describing existing regional partnerships for innovation involving universities. The sources used to inform the content of the Guide will include documentary evidence from workshops, self evaluations and peer reviews from the following programmes :
– Reviews of Higher Education in City and Regional Development (OECD)– European Drivers for a Regional Innovation Platform (EU Lifelong Learning Programme)– Sharing Innovative Practices in University Management - Collaborative Research (DG
Research)
Building the Bridge between HEIs and Regions