The Role of Advanced Automotive Electronics: Recent ... · High speed motor drive／Improved cooling capability ... Driving information & support Accident warning & avoidance Damage

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Copyright (C)2012,TOYOTA MOTOR CORP. All Rights Reserved.

Kimimori Hamada Electronics Development Div. 3

Toyota Motor CorporationOctober 4, 2012

The Role of Advanced Automotive Electronics:Recent Progress & Development

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Agenda

Issues facing the Automotive Industry

Environmental Issues and Car Electronics

Safety Issues and Car Electronics

Achieving the societal value

Expectations for Car Electronics

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(Million b/d)

(Million b/d)2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 20300

20

40

60

80

100

120 TMC estimate

Each alternative fuel has advantages and disadvantages- Oil will remain the main fuel for sometime- Future automotive fuels will diversify

Oil

dem

and

& su

pply

Oil supply

Potential oil demand

Synthetic-fuel

Super heavy oil

CNG

Electricity/Hydrogen

Bio-fuel

Improve efficiency

Alte

rnat

ive

ener

gy s

uppl

y po

tent

ial

Amount for“alternatives to oil”

Supply & Demand Potential of Alternative Fuels

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OilGasoline

DieselConventional

vehicle&

HV

Internal combustion

engine

Gas fuelsSynthetic liquid fuels

Bio-fuel

Electricity

Hydrogen

Coal

Plant

Uranium EV

FCV

PHV

Save oil

Core technology

Next-generation technology

Alternatives to oil

Primary Energy Automotive fuel Power train

Hydro, solar,geothermal power

Natural gas

Diversification of Automotive Fuels and Power trains

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Trends in fuel consumption regulations

To meet strict regulations on fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, a number of next generation environmental friendly cars are necessary

To meet strict regulations on fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, a number of next generation environmental friendly cars are necessary

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Calendar Year

NE

DC

CO

2(g/

km)

US(LDV+LDT)

CN(M1)

JPN(passengervehicle)

EUR(M1)US(LDV)

US(LDT)

The test cycle in each nation is converted to NEDCNEDC: New European Driving Cycle

4 to 5% per year

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By road user type By age

Breakdown of Number of Fatalities in 2010

CyclistsMotorcyclists

Car drivers

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

‘10

4,863

‘05‘00

Japanese government’s goal: less than 3,000 fatalities by 2015

Number of Traffic Accident Fatalities

In addition to developing collision safety technologies for vulnerable road users,

developing active safety active safety technologies is important.

65 or older50%

50 to 65

30 to 49

29 or younger

Reasons for decrease:•Fewer drunk driving and speeding•Increase in the seatbelt wearing rate•Improved collision safety performance

PedestriansPedestrians

Traffic Accidents in Japan

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Environment

Issues Facing the Automotive Industry

Environmental Issues and Car ElectronicsImage of future mobility portfolioInverter and power devices




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Fuel

Route bus

Delivery truck

HD Truck

HydrogenOil, Bio-fuel, CNG,Synthetic fuel, etc.Electricity

Delivery car Short commuterHV

PHV

FCV

FCV （BUS)

EV

i-REAL

EV: Short-distance, HV & PHV: Wide-use, FCV: Medium-to-long distance

EVs

HVs & PHVsFCVs

Passenger Car

Vehicle size

Driving distance

Image of Future Mobility Portfolio

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’09 RX450h ’07 LS600h

Two-speed reduction gear

PM motor／Optimized allocation

Higher voltage ／ IPM integration

High speed motor drive／Improved cooling capability

’09 Prius’03 Prius’97 Prius

pow

er d

ensi

ty ra

tio

PM motor／Optimized allocation

Item

s Higher voltage ／ IPM integration

High speed motor drive／Improved cooling capability

3

2

1

MotorMotorInverterInverter

Downsizing／Easy to install

Small Medium / Large

5

1

3

6

4

2

pow

er d

ensi

ty ra

tio

Power Electronics in Hybrid Vehicles- a trend in Motor and Inverter -

’05 RX400h

Motors and Inverters are becoming smaller, yet with higher output power.

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Power Electronics in Hybrid Vehicles

IGBTs and Diodes controls 200A current.

Effect on vehicle performance

CapacitorControl board

DC AC

Battery MotorInverter

IPM

IGBT IPM Diode

Cooling unit

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0.650.791Chip size Ratio(1st generation=1)

1250850700Breakdown voltage (V)165380380Chip thickness (μm)

NoneHeirradiation

Heirradiation

Lifetimecontrol

Thin waferPTPTVerticalTrenchPlanarPlanarGate

Devicestructure

Chip appearance

3rdgeneration

2ndgeneration

1stgenerationItem

+47%

-17%

History of Toyota’s IGBTs

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・Si IGBTs are coming close to the theoretical limit.

10 100 1000 100000.1

1

10

100

Breakdown Voltage (V)

Ron

*A (m

-ohm

*cm

2）

Si-MOS

SJ-MOS

SiC-M

OS

GaN-M

OS

Higher Efficiency

’09 Prius

’03 Prius

＊Lines are all theoretical value

Si-IG

BT

Efficiency of Si IGBTs, SiC and GaN

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Reducing layer

Developed structure

N-

P-

N+

Conventional structure

Gate oxide is destroyed by high electric field strength. Qgd is big.

Thick bottom oxide reduce electric field strength, achieve the smaller Qgd.

Feature and effect of developed structure【Feature】 Trench gate with a thick oxide layer on the bottoms of trench【Effect】 Reducing the electric field strength

Achieving the smaller gate-drain charge (Qgd)

High electricfield strength Thick bottom oxide

N-

P-

N+

SiC Trench MOSFET Structure

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0.E+00

2.E-04

4.E-04

6.E-04

8.E-04

1.E-03

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Id (A

)

Vd (V)

Vg=20VVg=15V

Vg=10V

Chip for high current (active area:0.169cm2)

Ron.sp:4.6mΩcm2

(Vg:20V,Vd:2V)

Breakdown characteristics of thick bottom oxide trench gate MOSFET with reducing layer

On-state Id-Vd characteristics of thick bottom oxide trench gate MOSFET with reducing layer

Vd (V)

Id (A

)

BVdss:1400V

Experiment Results in SiC MOSFET Developed Structure

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Observation of diffused layers in SiC

【2D observation】 Accurate measurement of diffused layer size is critical for design and fabrication of semiconductor devices.

SiC MOSFETstructure SCM image

Leti has wide variety of advanced techniques for this purpose.We expect more accurate and precise observations with Leti.

Low Voltage-SEM image

N-

P-

N+

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Safety



Safety Issues and Car Electronics Safety Management Sensors for Safety Systems



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Driving information & support Accident warning & avoidance Damage mitigation Passenger protection RescueParking Active safety Pre-collision Passive safety Emergency

response

Back Guide Monitor

G-Book, G-LinkBlind Comer

Monitor

AFS

Lane Keeping Assist

Radar Cruise Control Distance warning

Lane Departure Warning

Night View

Network Linked Navigation system

Intelligent Parking Assist

VDIM Brake Assist

Rear-end Pre-collision System

Seatbelts, airbags

HELPNETVSCABS

Vehicle-Infrastructure Cooperative System

Frontal Pre-collisionSystem

with Pedestrian Detection

Integration of individual technologies and systems Collision

All stages of application of safety technologies

Coordination of Safety System

GOA

Pedestrian Injury-Reducing Body

Integrated Safety Management Concept

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millimeter wave radarmillimeter wave radar

An appearance of a millimeter radar

waveguide,Integrated antenna

millimeter wave modulemillimeter wave module

RF moduleRF module

AmpMixer

MultiplexerRF AmpOscillator switch antenna

PCB for communication

PCB for recognition

Frequency：77GHz radar system：FMCW

direction detection：electronic scan

◆ PCS/ACC sensors detect cars and obstacles in the road

The material used for these high-frequency devices will eventually change: from GaAs to SiGe and then to CMOSCircuit integration technology will make it possible to reduce costs.

Millimeter-wave Radars

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sensitivity of imagers

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

10

20

30

0

CMOS for LKA

near infrared CCDfor night view prospect

backside illuminationCMOS(2008～）

High-sensitivity camera image(taken at night with near-infrared light)

compared to the one in 1980

On-chip micro lens(1989～）se

nsiti

vity

(dB

)

High dynamic range camera image

The evolution of imager technology has resulted in greater:

Pixel densitySensitivityDynamic range

and the scope of its application in terms of the driving environment has grown.

Evolution of Imager Devices

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Societal Value




Achieving the societal valueSmart Grid


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October 2010: Smart Grid Field Experiment started in Rokkasho Village, AomoriSeptember 2011: Low-Carbon City Field Experiment Project started in Toyota City

EDMS monitor

A proving test in Toyota City: starting from September 2011total number of 67 houses in 2013

demand

(local electricity)supply

(local demand)

power supplyPV power prognosis &

demand analysisencourage encourage green behaviorgreen behavior

EDMS

adjust supply to demand

Smart Grid

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Expectations






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1. Regeneration of Japan through Japanese manufacturing technologies

2. Increase in the appeal of carsthrough improved environmental performance,safety, and comfort

3. Open innovation

Expectations for Electronics

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END

Documents

The Role of Advanced Automotive Electronics: Recent ... · High speed motor drive／Improved cooling capability ... Driving information & support Accident warning & avoidance Damage