The Road to Containment

The Road to the Truman Doctrine and Containment PolicyWhat events lead to the US Cold War policy?

What we knowIssues after WW2:decision making between Big 3 bad (distrust)How to fix GermanyHow to rehabilitate Europe

Goals and Plans for USA and USSR:USSR: spread strength through communismUSA: start trade with Germany and Europe to foster democracy

General policies USA made to help

What we will learnSpecific events that led to those Cold War policies of ContainmentHow closely the US and USSR were to combatHow relative the Truman Doctrine was through later years

1946 George KennanLong TelegramRussians fear the western democratic world, they will never compromise with the US

..a long term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies.

1946 Status of Containment Policy Russia already occupying Eastern European Countries from WW2, wont leave

We dont want Russia to expand further, so we will stick with containment policy.

BUT, not yet an outlined policy of the US.

Soviets see no legitimate threat to their ideas expansion1946 First Tensions

Based on known goals, what do you think happened between the US and Russia in Iran?

Reality - Crisis in IranUSA and Soviet Union occupied Iran oil line during WW2After WW2, Soviets dont leave.Soviets form small Communist Govt in IranUS demands Soviet withdrawalUS warship in Mediterranean pressures Soviets to leave

Still no lasting policy of containment established !

19461946 - GreeceBased on what we know about Sattelite nations, what was the worry here?What happened?

Purple shows pockets of communist guerilla groups in Greece1947 Reality in GreeceCommunist ideas, leaders gaining power in GreaseGuerilla warfare resultsUS speaks out helpsTRUMAN DOCTRINE! (aka containment)

support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures1947 Berlin Blockade and AirliftAlready happening:Berlin has different occupation zonesUS, USSR have different ideas for own zonesMilitaries presentExtremely close geographically (border each other) Next: US, GB, France decide to unite their zones and make West Berlin part of new republic.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQ30Rgc5Prc (:06- 1:35)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GoIL9gVonQ

1947 Result of Truman Doctrine and Berlin AirliftUS Fearful of Communism and Soviets!

Soviets know what to expectWhat events put the containment policy to the test during Cold War?China1920s Communists forces feud with Chinese GovernmentDuring WW2, they put aside differences to protect themselves against JapanAfter WW2, feuding continues and US sends financial aidCommunists takeover and those against communism flee to Taiwan

ChinaWe know the goals of both the US and USSR

Predict:

Now that China is lead by a communist government, what happens next?

Answer:

Chinese Government makes a treaty of friendship and alliance with the USSR

To make matters worse, Soviets say they tested atomic bombJapanWe know Japan lost WW2 in the Pacific to the US. Due to mass amount of destruction, they are a developing nation.

Predict:

What happens to the future leadership in Japan?

Answer:

US attempts to restructure Japan to be democratic

Similar to goals for West GermanyKoreaAt the end of the war, the Allies (US and USSR) occupy Korea to disarm the Japanese. Based on what we know about their goals after the war, what happened in Korea?

Korea Soviets supply military aid to new N. Korean army1950 N. Korean troops invade South Korea

What does this mean for the US, given the recent Truman Doctrine?

US enters the Korean WarUS, with pledge of UN soldiers, calls for troops in Japan to be sent to Korea

General MacArthurKorean War Video ClipWhy did the US enter the Korean War?

Who did Truman asks for a declaration of war?

Who would lead the US in Korea?

Why was MacArthurs request for an atomic bomb on China refused?

How did Truman want the war to end?

Why did Truman fire MacArthur?

Stop at 6:50http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=korean+warStatus during Korean WarNew Presidential Election ApproachingAmericans want change in Cold WarChina now communistSoviets test atomic bombAmerican troops in KoreaAre Trumans policies working?

Eisenhower Elected PresidentLeader of D-Day Invasion

Americans thought he would lead us onto path toward winning Cold War

Election was a landslide win

End of Korean War

Eisenhower hints about use of atomic weaponsSigned armistice stop fightingDemilitarized zone near 38th parallel

Plans for Cold WarMassive RetaliationThreaten use of nuclear weaponsBuild up nuclear forceMore bang for your buck (more weapon for less $)

BrinkmanshipWillingness to go to Brink of WarHope to force opponent to back down

Plans for Cold WarCIA Covert Operations

To prevent communist uprisings in other countries in developing nations

What are some disadvantages to this strategy?Suez CrisisUS wants to prevent Middle East from aligning with Soviets

Plan: fund a damn on Nile River Issue: Egypt buys weapons from Communists, moves British and French companies out

Predict: British and French invade Egypt and Soviet Union threatens use of rocket attacks. How does US respond?ResultEisenhower threatens use of force US urges British and French withdrawal, and they doArab nations begin acceptingSoviet aid

Eisenhower DoctrineDue to threat of communism in Middle East

Use military if necessary to protect those resisting communism

Extended Truman Doctrine to Middle East for the future

The Future of the Cold WarMassive Retaliation/ Nuclear Weapon build up

Brinkmanship (intimidate opponents)

Covert Operations

Eisenhower Doctrine

Fears in AmericaPOWER WRITE!

We have seen the development of containment and how many crisis there were between the US and communist threats. With such outlined policies and knowledge of no future compromise, what fears would everyday Americans have during this time?Think of threats to politics, economics, and militaries!