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Quiz #4• Which organization was a domestic political compromise,
lessening fears in Congress of international control of the U.S. economy?: a.) the World Bank, b.) the International Monetary Fund, c.) the United Nations, d.) the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, e.) the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
• Which doctrine attempted to contain the expansion of Soviet influence in the Third World by providing support to anti-Soviet movements?: a.) Truman Doctrine, b.) Nixon Doctrine, c.) Carter Doctrine, d.) Reagan Doctrine, e.) Eisenhower Doctrine.
• What joint review of American security policy laid out U.S. efforts to oppose Soviet expansion during the Cold War?: a.) NSC-68, b.) IPA-50, c.) NSC-4, d.) CMC-62, e.) the Patriot Act.
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
Structure, Strife, and Instability
Erik Gartzke POLI 142, Lecture 6
July 18, 2011
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
Planting the Flag
• Three elements of Post-WWII US Foreign policy
• Structure
• Strife
• Stability
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
Structure
• The world is divided up into two systems
• “irreconcilable differences”
• The Situation after World War II
• Kennan Letter from “Mr. X”
• Truman Doctrine: aid anti-communists (Greece, Korea, Latin America, Iran, Laos)
• John Foster Dulles --> containment
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
Structure II
• 1947 National Security Act
• No tradition of peacetime military (well...)
• Establishes the DoD, CIA
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
• Bulwark of U.S. containment strategy
• Resurrect Germany, Japan
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
Strife
• Cold War
• Nuclear Stalemate
• Proxy wars
• Economic competition
• “Soft power” strategies
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
Strife
• Parallels between Vietnam and Iraq
• Grand strategy
• Strategy
• Tactics
• Differences
• Iraq is “last war of Cold War”
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
Strife II
• Detente
• Nixon’s grand strategy (Kissinger)
• Defuse proxy wars (Middle East / Vietnam)
• Open up to Russia
• Open up to China
• Play each off against the other
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
Policy Ebb and Flow
• US policy in the Cold War is basically static
• But varies by administration
• Variation driven more by personality and circumstances than by partisanship
• Reagan Doctrine = Truman Doctrine
• Nixon more moderate than Kennedy
• Carter Doctrine extends US into M. East
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
Stability• Strategic Cold War “triangle”
• USSR / US / China
• Nixon (Kissinger) upsets the triangle
• Sino-US rapprochement threatens USSR
• Soviets consider more desperate options
• War with the United States
• Radical reduction of Cold War tensions
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
Stability
• End of the Cold War
• Economic (Command economy is inefficient, Soviet defense spending 33% of GDP)
• Political (Stress of military competition is a “wedge,” choice between moderate hard line)
• Andropov faction wins, then loses (dies)
• Gorbachev: perestroika, glasnost.
Wednesday, July 20, 2011