The Respiratory and Muscular

SystemsBy:

Emily SoulePatricia Muller

Ting Yi

Respiratory SystemThe function of the

respiratory system is to transport oxygen from the air we breath into our nostrils to the lungs. The system warms, humidifies, and filters the air. The oxygen is then transferred to the blood where it is carried throughout the entire body and to all other body systems.

Alveoli are small sacs in the lung involved with gas exchange in the blood.

Muscular SystemThe muscular system consists

of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles.

Muscle permits movement, circulates blood, and provides

structure to the body.

These contractions are stimulated by

electrical impulses transmitted from motor nerves.

Muscle cells have many different components.

They consist

of myofibril

swhich are made up of sarcomeres Sarcomeres are made up

of actin and myosin, which work together to contract the muscles.

The diaphragm is a long, flat muscle that separates the lungs from the intestines. The

movement of the diaphragm causes the lungs to inflate and deflate.

Interactions

EmphysemaEmphysema is a long-term, progressive disease of the lungs that primarily causes

shortness of breath. 

When people have emphysema, their tissues necessary to support the physical

shape and function of the lungs are destroyed.

Emphysema is called an obstructive lung disease

because the destruction of lung tissue around smaller sacs, called alveoli, makes

these air sacs unable to hold their functional shape upon

exhalation. 

Emphysema is most often caused by tobacco smoking and long-term

exposure to air pollution.normal lung

hyper inflated

emphysema lung

Interactions As you breathe,

your diaphragm

contracts as your lungs expand.

The respiratory system takes in

oxygen and sends it into the blood.

The blood carries oxygen to the muscles. The oxygen is

transported into the muscle

tissue

Abnormal Interaction

Emphysema destroys elastic fibers that hold

open small airways leading to the air sacs

Turns spherical air sacs into large

irregular pockets with gaping holes

Reduces surface area of lungs and amount of oxygen

that reaches bloodstream

When emphysema takes effect, the lungs cannot

fully relax, the abdominal muscles

cannot completely relax

The diaphragm remains flexed, which can cause

pain in the torso.

Since emphysema restricts the amount of

air that enters the lungs, it results in a decrease in lung capacity and muscle

action