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The Renal System
2 Kidneys- Produces urine
2 Ureters
- transports urine
1 Urinary bladder
- stores urine
1 Urethra
- conducts urine
to outside
Renal Capsule- inner layer lines renal sinus
Adipose Capsule
- fat padding around kidney
Renal Fascia
- outermost layer
3 Layers Surrounding the Kidney
Renal papilla
Outer renal cortex
Central renal
pyramid
Inner renal medulla
Renal pelvis
Minor calyx
Ureter
Major calyx
There are 6-18 renal pyramids in a kidney:
- The renal papillae project into renal sinus.
Collection of Urine
Renal lobe
- Contains renal pyramid, overlying cortex, adjacent renal column.
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal Pelvis (continuous with ureter)
• Renal artery
• Segmental artery
• Interlobar artery
• Arcuate artery
• Afferent arteriole
Veins carry same names
• Interlobular artery
Loop of Henle (nephron loop)
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
2. Renal Tubule
Bowman’s Space
Glomerulus
Bowman’s Capsule
1. Renal Corpuscle
The Nephron has 2 parts:
~85% Cortical NephronsShort loop of Henle.
Efferent arteriole
becomes peritubular
capillaries.
15% JuxtamedullaryCloser to medulla.
Loop of Henle deeper.
Efferent arteriole
becomes vasa recta.
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
Macula Densa – specialized portion of DCT.
Juxtaglomerular (JG) Cells – specialized
cells, mostly surrounding afferent arteriole.
Sits in between afferent and efferent arteriole – for communication regarding renal function.
For changing diameter of afferent arteriole.
• Blood arrives at afferent arteriole.
Glomerulus – Fenestrated Capillary bed
• Blood departs via efferent arteriole.
Filtrate “filtered” at Glomerulus.
• Blood goes into a) Peritubular or
b) Vasa recta capillaries
• Blood exits via renal venule, vien.
• Actively reabsorbs– Nutrients (glucose, amino acids)– Ions– Small Plasma proteins
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
• Lined with simple cuboidal epi– With microvilli (brush border)– Large surface area
Descending limb
Ascending limb• Thin segment is simple squamous epi.• Thick segment is simple cuboidal epi (no nicrovilli)• For Water balance
Loop of Henle
Actively secretes ions and other materials
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Lined with simple cuboidal epi.
Lined with simple cuboidal epi.
Collecting Duct
Changes to simple columnar epithelium deeper in the medulla.